Essential Nutrition Guide

FOOD & NUTRITION
6/24/2022 1
SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU

NUTRITION
• Science of food & its relation to health
• On the basic of quality or size, it is of two types –
1. Macronutrients: Need large quantities. E.g. Carbohydrates,
Proteins & fats (Proximate principles)
2. Micronutrient: Need small quantities. E.g. Vitamins and minerals
(Hidden hunger)
• On the basic of function, it is of three types –
1. Body building: Proteins
2. Energy giving: Carbohydrates and fats
3. Protective: Proteins, vitamins and minerals.
• Hidden hunger is due to Vitamin A, Iron & Iodine.
• Balance diet:
- Carbohydrates: 65-8 % of total body energy
- Proteins: 10-15 % of total body energy
- Fats: 15-30 % of total body energy
6/24/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 2

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is
body building food?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Vitamins
d) Fats
Q. Energy giving foods are
called:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Vitamins
d) Minerals
micronutrient?
a) Proteins
b) Vitamins
c) Lipids
d) Starch
Q. Hidden hunger is not due
to deficiency of:
a) Iron
b) Vitamin A
c) Proteins
d) Iodine

CARBOHYDRATES
Facts Sources Daily
requirements
Deficiency Functions
Carbohydrates
+ fats give
maximum
energy
It constitute
about 1% of
total body
weight
 Greatest
source of
energy
 Cellulose is
indigestible
component
of
carbohydrat
e with no
nutritive
value
Reach source:
sugar juice,
dried fruits,
grains, cereals
High source:
banana,
potato, liver
Other source :
egg, fish, milk,
breads, etc
3 main source-
starch,
cellulose &
sugar
0 – 6 month:
108
kcal/kg/day
7 – 12 month:
98 kcal/kg/day
1 – 3 years:
1240
kcal/kg/day
4 – 6 years:
1690
kcal/kg/day
7 – 9 years:
1950
kcal/kg/day
Decrease
growth,
weakness, tissue
wasting,
metabolic
acidosis etc
Dietary fibers are
absent in animal
food & prevent
constipation and
reduce incidence
of CHD
 Provides
energy
 Oxidation
of fat
 Synthesis
of non-
essential
amino
acids
 Reserves
glycogen
of human
adult is
about 500
gm

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
source of carbohydrates?
a) Starch
b) Cellulose
c) Sugar
d) All of the above
indigestible product of
carbohydrates?
a) Lactose
b) Maltose
c) Cellulose
d) Sucrose
Q. The end product of
carbohydrate is:
a) Amino acids
b) Glucose
c) Maltose
d) Starch
Q. Carbohydrates store in the
human body in the for of:
a) Glucose
b) Cellulose
c) Glycogen
d) Starch

PROTEINS
• Proteins are soluble in water
• Most important nutrient
• Constitute about 20% of total body weight
• Cereal proteins are deficient in lysine
• Pulse proteins are deficient in methionine
• Deamination of protein takes place in liver
• Best measure to assess the state of protein nutrition is
S. albumin
• Reachest source : soyabaen (43.2 gm / 100 gm, poor’s
man meat), green gram (mung)
• Deficiency: acute diarrhea, ARI, abortion, anemia, skin
changes, slow growth

PROTEINS
• Daily Requirement:
– Normal: 1 (0.83) gm / kg / day
– Children: 1- 2 gm / kg/ day (double of adult)
– Pregnancy: +23 gm /day
– Lactation: 0-6 months: +19 gm / day >6 months: +13 gm /
day
• Functions:
– Growth and development
– Maintenance of osmotic pressure
– Synthesis of enzyme, antibodies, plasma proteins,
hormones , hemoglobin, coagulation factors
– Repair and maintenance of body tissues

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. High amount of protein is
found in:
a) Milk and milk products
b) Grains and legumes
c) Eggs and meat
d) All of the above
Q. Which of the following
disorder is caused by the
deficiency of proteins
a) Acute diarrhea & ARI
b) Muscle fatigue
c) Weight loss
d) All of the above
Q. The end product of protein
is:
a) Amino acids
b) Glucose
c) Fatty acids
d) Amines
Q. A protein is made up of
how many amino acids?
a) 10
b) 20
c) 30
d) 50

FATS OR LIPIDS
Facts Sources Daily
requirements
Deficiency Functions
 Main form of
energy
 10-15 % of
total body
weight
Richest source of
essential fatty
acid is safflower
oil – 73% and
sunflower oil –
56%
Reachest
source :
vegetable oils
Other sources
: liver, egg
yolk, milk,
ghee, butter,
coconut, etc
Excess of fat
cause: Obesity,
Coronary Heart
Disease, Cancer
(Colon &
breast)
Deficiency :
obesity,
hypertension,
phrenoderma
(toad skin- rough
& dry skin)
 Source of
energy
 Insulation of
body
 Carries fat
soluble
vitamins (A,
D, E and K)
 Synthesis of
cell
membrane
 Support
viscera

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
not lipid?
a) Fats
b) Oils
c) Proteins
d) Waxes
Q. Fat storing cells in the
human body are called:
a) Hepatocytes
b) Adipocytes
c) Melanocytes
d) All of the above
Q. The end product of fat is:
a) Amino acids
b) Glucose
c) Fatty acids
d) Amines
Q. The richest source of fat
is:
a) Milk and milk products
b) Red meat
c) Vegetable oils
d) Coconut

VITAMINS
• Non-energy producing organic compound
• Essential for normal metabolism
• Essential for growth, reproduction and
maintenance
• Types of vitamin:
a) Fat soluble : Vitamin A , D , E and K
b) Water soluble : Vitamin B and C

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS – VITAMIN A
• Vitamin A (Retinol) is anti-infective vitamin
• Vitamin A is of two types -
1. Preformed vitamin A is Retinol found in animal source
2. Proformed vitamin A is Beta carotene found in plant
source
• Heat stable in absence of air
• Acts as anti-oxidant & anti-cancer
• Destroyed in exposure to air/UV rays
• Can be synthesized in liver
• Liver can store vitamin A for 6 – 9 months
• Rhodopsin & Idopsin are visual pigments
• Daily requirements: 500 IU/ day or 600 microgram, 800
mcg (pregnancy), 950 mcg (lactation) 350 mcg (infants)

• Richest source : carrot (plant reachest source, 1167
mcg/gm), Halibut liver oil (9 lakh mcg/gm) or cod liver
oil (1800 mcg/gm) (Sea fish – animal reachest source)
• Major source : Spinach, meat, yellow fruits, green leafy
vegetables, butter, egg, milk, etc
• Deficiency: Xerophthalmia
• Functions:
– Generally used for better vision
– Essential during pregnancy and lactation
– Keeps epithelial tissue and cornea healthy
– Retinol forms rhodopsin in rod cells and iodopsin
in cone cells of retina
VITAMIN A (RETINOL)

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of
vitamin
Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
Vitamin D
(Calciferol)
Sunshine
vitamin / kidney
hormone
Has 2 forms D2
(Calciferol /
ergosterol) & D3
(Cholecalciferol)
 Synthesize
d in skin
from
cholesterol
by UV rays
 Vitamin D
is not
destroyed
by ordinary
temperature
 Cholecalcif
erol is
naturally
occurring
vitamin D
Richest
source :
sun light
Rich
source :
fish , liver
and oils
Other
source:
butter,
whole milk,
egg yolk
200 – 400
IU/day
Adult: 2.5
microgram
Child: 5
microgram
Pregnancy
&
lactation:
10
microgram
1
microgram
of vitamin
D = 40 IU
Rickets (in
child)
Osteomalacia
(in adult)
Excess:
hypercalcemi
a
 Absorption
&
metabolism
of calcium
and
phosphorus
 Prolongs
sexual
responses
 Makes teeth
and bone
strong

Name of
vitamin
Facts Sources Daily req Deficie
ncy
Functions
Vitamin E
(Tocoferol)
Beauty
vitamin / anti
–aging
vitamin / anti
– sterility
vitamin
 Acts as
anti -
oxidant
 Anti-
toxin
vitamin
 Not
found in
milk
 Also acts
as anti-
cancer
Richest
source :
cereals,
germinating
seeds, oils
Other
source :
cotton seed,
vegetable
oils, egg
yolk, butter,
etc
0.8 mg / g
of essential
fatty acids
Hemorr
hagic
anemia,
sterility,
ataxia
 Prevents
catabolism
of poly-
unsaturate
d fats
 Makes
skin
healthy

Name of
vitamin
Vitamin K
(Phylloquinon
e)
Menadione
sodium / anti
–
hemorrhagic
vitamin
2 types :
vitamin K1
(plant
source) and
vitamin K2
(animal
source)
Fresh
green
vegetable
s, carrot,
cabbage,
tomato,
fish, liver,
fruits,
milk etc
0.3
mg/kg/d
ay
bleeding
disorder
Excess dose
cause
hyperbilirub
inemia in
new born
 Stored in
liver and
helps in
blood
coagulatio
n
 Formation
of clotting
factors (II,
VII, IX, X)

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
not fat soluble vitamins?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
anti-cancer vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Q. The richest source of
Vitamin A is:
a) Carrot
b) Papaya
c) Orange
d) Green vegetables
Q. The deficiency of vitamin
D is called:
a) Xerophthalmia
b) Osteomalacia
c) Hemorrhage
d) Abortion

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
vitamin is responsible for
blood clotting?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
Q. The daily requirement of
Vitamin E is:
a) 500 IU
b) 300 IU
c) 0.8 mg
d) 0.3 mg
hormone precursor vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Q. Injection of vitamin K is
given to the newborn to:
a) Use peristalsis
b) Decrease the risk of
hemorrhage
c) Use the risk of infection
d) Use calcium absorption

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of
vitamin
Facts Sources Daily
req
Deficienc
y
Functions
Vitamin C
(Ascorbic
acid)
Anti– viral
vitamin
 Early
known
vitamin
 Most heat
sensitive
and water
soluble
 Acts as
anti-
oxidant
 Vitamin C
is absent in
egg
Richest
source :
Amla (Indian
goose berry)
and 2nd
richest source
is guava
Rich source:
Cabbage,
cauliflower,
orange,
spinach,
tomato
40 – 60
mg/day
Total
vitami
n C of
human
body is
5 gram
scurvy
(bleeding
from
gum),
delayed
wound
healing,
anemia
 Inhibits
nitrosamine
formation
in intestinal
mucosa
 Absorption
of iron
from
vegetable
foods
 Helps in
tissue
oxidation

Name of
vitamin
Vitamin B1
(Thiamin)
Lost from rice
during
milling of
cereals,
polishing rice,
cooking rice
in lots of
water and
drainage
excess water
in rice
 Milk is
important
source of
vitamin B1
 Alcoholics are
higher risk to
thiamin
deficiency
 Deficiency is
prevented by
parboiling of
rice
Richest
source :
rice and
wheat
Other
source:
seeds,
whole
grains,
cereals,
liver,
groundnut
s, pulses.
0.5
mg/1000
kcal
energy
Beri – beri
 Dry beri –
beri :
involvement
of nerve
 Wet beri –
beri :
involvement
of heart
 Infantile beri
– beri : seen
in 2 – 4
month child
 Metaboli
sm of
carbohyd
rates
 Provide
nutrition
to nerve

Name of
vitamin
Vitamin B2
(Riboflavin)
 Destroyed
by light
 Deficienc
y occurs
always
associated
with other
B-
complex
vitamins
Milk,
liver,
germinat
ing
seeds,
egg,
pulse,
whole
cereals,
green
vegetabl
es
0.6
mg/1000
kcal
energy
Angular
stomatitis ,
cheilosis ,
glossitis ,
cataract,
dermatitis
 Plays
important
role in
cellular
oxidation
 Metabolis
m of
carbohydra
tes and
proteins

Name of
vitamin
Vitamin B3
(Niacin or
nicotinamid
e or
Nicotinic
acid)
 Not
excreted
in urine
 Tryptoph
an acts as
precursor
of niacin
 60 mg of
tryptopha
n is
required
to
synthesiz
ed 1 gm
of niacin
Rich
source :
liver ,
meat ,
ground
nut
Other
source:
Yeast,
egg,
cheese,
grains.
6.6
mg/1000
kcal of
energy
Niacin
helps in
normal
functioning
of skin,
intestine
and
nervous
system
Pellagra ( 3D
– Diarrhea,
Dermatitis
and Dementia
& disease of
poor man)
Deficiency is
seen in maize
dependence
population
 Decreases
the
production
of
cholesterol
 Metabolis
m of
carbohydra
tes,
proteins &
fats

Name of
vitamin
Vitamin B5
(Pentothenic
acid)
 Acts as co
– enzyme
Liver, yeast,
egg yolk, fresh
vegetable
10
mg/day
Acne,
parasthesis
, alopecia,
burning
sole
syndrome
Plays important
role in bio –
synthesis of
adrenal
corticosteroids
Vitamin B6
(Pyridoxine)
3 forms –
pyridoxine ,
pyridoxal and
pyridoxamine
 Antagonist
of
pyridoxine
is isoniazid
 Also acts
against
nausea in
pregnancy
Green leafy
vegetables ,
cereals ,
whole grains,
fish, milk, liver
(highest),
potato, egg
yolk,
2 mg /
day
(2.5 mg /
day for
pregnanc
y &
lactation)
Peripheral
neuritis
 Plays
important in
metabolism of
proteins , fats
and
carbohydrates
 Helps in
formation of
RBCs

Name of
vitamin
Vitamin B7
(Biotin)
- Egg yolk,
liver,
tomato
- No specific
deficiency
Metabolism of amino
acids
Vitamin B9
(Folic acid)
- Green
leafy
vegetabl
es , fiber
diet,
meat,
egg,
dairy
products
Adult: 200
mcg / day
Pregnancy:
500 mcg /
day
Lactation:
300 mcg /
day
Megaloblastic
anemia,
glossitis ,
infertility,
cheilosis,
neural tube
defect
 Formation of
red blood cells
(RBCs)
 Helps in
synthesis of
nucleic acids
 Cell division in
intestine

Name of
vitamin
Vitamin B12
(Cyanocobal
amine)
Highly heat
stable vitamin
 Organo-
metallic
compound
with a
cobalt
atom
 Absorbed
from ileum
with
instrinsic
factors
Only
found in
animal
source
but not
found in
plant
source
Adult: 1
micro gram
/ day
Pregnancy:
1.2 micro
gram / day
Lactation:
1.5 micro
gram / day
Children:
0.2 micro
gm / day
Megaloblastic
anemia,
pernicious
anemia,
infertility
 Formation
of red blood
cells (RBCs)
 Synthesized
by bacteria
of colon
 Stored in
liver (1-3
years)
 DNA &
myelin
sheath
synthesis

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is not
vitamin B?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B4
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin B9
Q. The highest level of vitamin C
is found in:
a) Orange juice
b) Indian goose berry
c) Tomato
d) Broccoli
Q. Which is most essential
nutrient women during
pregnancy for prevention of
birth defect?
a) Thiamine
b) Folic acid
c) Ascorbic acid
d) Cyanocobalamine
Q. Beri-beri is caused due to
deficiency of:
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B3
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin B5

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
vitamin deficiency causes
megaloblastic anemia?
a) Thiamine
b) Retinol
c) Pyridoxine
d) Cyanocobalamine
Q. The deficiency of niacin
causes:
a) Rickets
b) Scurvy
c) Anemia
d) Pellagra
Q. The scientific name of
vitamin B6 is:
a) Pantothenic acid
b) Pyridoxine
c) Riboflavin
d) Biotin
Q. Which vitamin is essential
for health of brain?
a) Vitamin B6
b) Vitamin B9
c) Vitamin B12
d) All of the above

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
vitamin is responsible for
wound healing?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin E
vitamin B6 is :
a) 200 mcg
b) 2 mg
c) 10 mg
d) 1 mg
vitamin causes impotence?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin D
Q. Which vitamin deficiency
causes dryness in lips, tongue
and skin?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin E

• Types:
1. Macro – minerals (>100 mg/day) : Ca , P and Mg
2. Micro – minerals (<300 mg/day) : Fe , I , Zn , Cu , Co , Fl ,
etc
• Major minerals are Ca , P , Mg , Na and K
• Trace minerals are B , Pb , Al , Hg , Ba , Fe , I and Zn
MINERALS
Name of
Mineral
Sodium Human body
contains 100 gm
sodium ion
Found in all
body fluids
(Extracellular)
10-15 gm /
day
Muscular
cramps
Sodium loss
through
sweat and
urine
Potassium Human body
contains 250 gm
of potassium ion
Mainly found in
banana
90 mmol /
day
Intracellular

Name of
Mineral
Calcium
Most
abundant
mineral in
the body
(2% of total
body
weight)
 Total
calcium
in body:
1200 gm
(98% of
body).
 Normal
calcium
level : 9
– 11.4
mgm%
milk, milk
products,
egg, fish,
green leafy
vegetables
600 mg /day
for adult
500 mg for
infants
1200 mg /day
for
pregnancy &
lactation
1 liter cow’s
milk = 1.2
gm calcium
Deficiency :
rickets,
osteomalacia,
tetany
Excess:
Hypercalcemi
a cause
cardiac
arrhythmias
 Formation of
bone and teeth
 Muscle
contraction and
transmission of
nerve impulse
 Blood
coagulation
 Milk production
MINERALS

Name of
Mineral
Iron
Vitamin C is
needed for
iron
absorption
1 gram iron
produces 2
ml of blood
 Iron
status is
evaluated
by serum
ferratin
High source
is nuts but
poor source
is milk
Other
source:
Liver, meat,
fish, green
vegetables,
pulses.
17 mg in male
and 21 mg in
female
35 mg in
pregnancy and
21 mg in for
lactation
Normal value
in human
blood : 80 –
120 gm/dl
.
IDA (Iron
Deficiency
Anemia)
Diminished
work
performance
 Hb synthesis
 Brain
development,
 Immune system
 Regulation of
body temperature
 Cellular
respiration and
catecholamine
metabolism
1 gram Hemoglobin
contains 3.3 mg of
iron & 1.34 ml oxygen
MINERALS

Name of
Mineral
Magnesiu
m
Our body
contain 25
gm Mg in
all cells
Deficiency
seen in
chronic
alcoholics ,
PEM,
cirrhosis of
liver,
toxamia of
pregnancy
340 mg/day Irritability,
tetany,
cardiac
arrhythmias
and hyper –
reflexia
Essential for
normal metabolism
of Calcium and
Phosphorus
Fluoride  Fluorida
tion of
water
prevent
dental
carries
Major
source is
water
0.5 – 2 mg/l
water
Dental caries
Excess:
dental and
skeletal
fluorosis
Essential for
normal
mineralization of
bone & dentine
MINERALS

Name of
Mineral
Iodine
1 kg
iodine
contains
50 ppm at
productio
n level, 30
ppm at
retailer
level & 15
ppm at
household
level
 IDD is
prevented
by
iodization
of salt
 Goiteroge
ns are
cabbage,
cauliflowe
r &
thiocynate
Highly
found in
sea foods,
iodized
salt
Small
amount in
cereals,
milk &
mea
150
micro
gm /
day
Pregnan
cy: 200
micro
gm /
day
Deficiency :
IDD
(Iodine
Deficiency
Disorder)
Deficiency
cause: goiter,
hypothyroidis
m, mental
retardation,
spontaneous
abortion and
still birth.
Iodine helps in
synthesis of
thyroxine
hormone,
normal growth
& development
Goiter is
commonly
found in
Himalayan
region
MINERALS

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
trace mineral?
a) Sodium
b) Magnesium
c) Phosphorus
d) Aluminium
mineral is responsible for
mental health?
a) Iron
b) Iodine
c) Sodium
d) Chloride
mineral deficiency cause
anemia?
a) Iron
b) Iodine
c) Calcium
d) Phosphorus
iodine is:
a) 10-15 gram
b) 600 mg
c) 150 mcg
d) None of the above

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
goiterogenic food?
a) Corns
b) Green leafy vegetables
c) Cabbage
d) Tomato
Q. The main source of
natural fluoride is:
a) Potatoes
b) Mushrooms
c) Water
d) Toothpastes
not the function of iron?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Immune function
c) Brain function
d) Gene regulation
Q. Minerals are absorbed
in the form of:
a) Molecules
b) Ions
c) Mixtures
d) Compounds

Nutrients Energy value
Fiber 2 kcal/gm
Proteins 4.1 kcal/gm
Carbohydrate 4.3 kcal/gm
Alcohol 7 kcal/gm
Fat 9 kcal/gm
Papaya 32 kcal/100 gm
Orange 48 kcal/100 gm
Guava 51 kcal/100 gm
Human Milk 65 kcal/100gm
Cow milk 67 kcal/100 gm
Amla 68 kcal/100 gm
ENERGY VALUE
Nutrients Energy value
Egg 70 Kcal/piece
Grapes 71 kcal/100 gm
Goat milk 72 kcal/100 gm
Mango 74 kcal/100 gm
Sitaphal 104 kcal/100 gm
Banana (1 Piece) 104 kcal/100 gm
Buffalo milk 117 kcal/100 g m
Sarbottam pitho 350-370 kcal/100
gm

• one which contains variety of food (such
as carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins, mineral and other) in such
quantities that adequately meet for
maintaining health, body functioning
and general wellbeing.
• Balance diet reduces the prevalence of
nutritional deficiencies
• A balanced diet should provide around
– 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates,
– 10-15% from proteins and
– 20-30% from both visible and invisible fat.
BALANCED DIET
6/24/2022 37
SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU

BREAST FEEDING
• the feeding of babies and young children with milk
from women’s breast
• Continued upto 2 years of age or beyond.
• Exclusive breast feeding: feeding only mother's breast
milk to the baby for first 6 months after birth
• Colostrum: The first milk coming from mother's breast
after delivery of baby
• Composition of breast milk Per 100ml: calorie (energy)
71kcal, protein 1.2gm, fat 3.8gm, calcium 33mg% , Iron
0.15mg%, Phosphorus 15mg%, Vitamin 'A' 80IU,
Vitamin 'D' 0.125IU , Vitamin 'C' 1.25mg, IgG, IgA, IgM,
IgD, leucocytes, lactoferrine, lysozyme etc.

BENEFITS OF BREAST FEEDING
• @BREAST FEEDING
B = Breast milk for child
R = Relationship with
mother and her baby
E = Easy to digest
A = Available at any time
S = Safe for child health
T = Tasty
F = Fresh
E = Economic
E = Easy to feed and digest
D = Delay to pregnancy
I = Immunity
N = Nutrition (all
nutrients)
G = Good baby

WEANING
• Giving the child other nutritious foods in addition
to breast milk after the age of 6 months
• Complementary feeding: giving child other
nutritious food in addition to breast milk after
age of 6 months
• Supplementary feeding: the distribution of food
supplement energy and other nutrients missing
from the diet of those who have special
nutritional requirements
• Expressed breast milk is considered a
supplementary feed

NUTRITION EDUCATION
• Nutrition Education is a systematically planned set of
activities.
• Nutrition Education is an essential component to improve
the nutritional status of a population and is crucial for the
well being of people in general.
• Contents:
1. Quality of food during pregnancy
2. Quantity of food during pregnancy
3. Folic acid, iron and vitamin supplementation
4. Iodine supplementation
5. Calcium and protein supplementation
6. Breast feeding , Clostrum & Weaning food
7. Food at family meal, Feeding skills

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. 1 gram carbohydrates
gives
a) 4 kcal energy
b) 7 kcal energy
c) 9 kcal energy
d) 12 kcal energy
Q. Exclusive breast feeding
is done till:
a) 6 months after delivery
b) 24 months after delivery
c) 12 months after delivery
d) 45 days after delivery
Q. Mother milk provides
a) 65 kcal energy /100 gram
b) 75 kcal energy /100 gram
c) 55 kcal energy /100 gram
d) 72 kcal energy /100 gram
Q. The milk made by the
body in first days after
birth is called:
a) Colostrum
b) Lactose
c) Hind milk
d) Weaning

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. How often does a
breastfed baby eat?
a) 3-4 times a day
b) 6-8 times a day
c) 8-12 times a day
d) 15-20 times a day
Q. How many extra calories
needed to breastfed mother?
a) 100 kcal
b) 200 kcal
c) 500 kcal
d) 1000 kcal
Q. After normal delivery,
breast feeding should be
initiated within:
a) 1 hour
b) 6 hours
c) 12 hours
d) 21 hours
content is used during giving
nutrition education?
a) Breast feeding
b) Feeding skills
c) Protein supplementation
d) All of the above

THANK YOU
6/24/2022 44
SUNNY, BPH, TU

Essential Nutrition Guide

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