This document discusses the key characteristics and quality attributes of embedded systems. It describes embedded systems as application specific, reactive and operating in real-time, able to withstand harsh environments, potentially distributed across multiple systems, small in size and weight, and concerned with power management. It outlines operational quality attributes like response, throughput, reliability and maintainability. Non-operational attributes include testability, evolvability, portability and cost considerations. Overall the document provides a comprehensive overview of what defines embedded systems and the important factors that determine their quality.

1. CHARACTERISTICS
AND
QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF
AN
EMBEDDED SYSTEM.

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM:
1.Application and Domain specific
2.Reactive and Real time
3.Operates in harsh environments
4.Distributed
5.Small size and weight
6.Power concerns

3. 1.Application and Domain specific:
1) If you closely any embedded system , you will find that
each embedded system is having certain functions to
perform and they are developed in such a manner to do
intended functions only.
2) They cannot be used for any other purpose.
2. Reactive and real time:
1) Embedded systems produce changes in output in response
to the changes in the input.
So they are generally refer to as Reactive time.
2) Real time system operation means the timing behaviour of
the system should be deterministic , meaning the system
should respond to requests or task in a known amount of
time.

4. 3.Operates in harsh environment:
1) It is not necessary that all embedded systems should be deployed
in controlled environment.
2) System placed in such areas should be capable to withstand all
these adverse operating condition.
3) The design should take care of the operating conditions of the
area where the system is going to implement.
4. Distributed:
1) The term distributed means that embedded systems may be a
part of large systems.
2) Many numbers of such distributed embedded systems form a
single large embedded control unit.

5. 5. Small size and weight:
1) Product attributes is an important factor in choosing a product.
2) Definitely the product attributes are size , weight , shape , style etc.
Moreover it is convenient to handle a compact device than a
bulky product.
6. Power concerns:
1) Power management is another important factor that needs to be
considered in designing embedded systems.
2) Embedded systems should be design in such a way as to
minimize the heat dissipation by the system.
3) The more the power consumption the less is the battery life.

6. QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
There are two types of quality attributes are:-
1.Operational Quality Attributes.
2.Non-Operational Quality Attributes.

7. Operational Quality Attributes
Important quality attributes in this category are:-
1.Response
2.Throughput
3.Reliability
4.Maintainability
5.Security
6.Safety

8. Non-Operational Quality Attributes
Important quality attributes coming in this category are:-
1.Testability and Debug-ability
2.Evolvability
3.Portability
4.Time to prototype and market
5.Per unit and total cost

9. OPERATIONAL QUALITY ATTRIBUTES
1.RESPONSE:-
 Response is a measure of quickness of the system.
 It gives you an idea about how fast your system is
tracking in input variables.
 most of the embedded system demand fast
response which should be realtime

10. 2.THROUGHPUT:-
• Throughput deal with the efficiency of system.
• It can define as rate of production or process of a define
process over a stated period of time.
• In case of card reader,throughput means how many
transaction the reader can perform in a minute or hour or day.
3.RELIABILITY:-
• Realibility is a measure of how much % you rely upon the
proper functioning of the system .
• Mean Time between failures and Mean Time To Repair are
term used in defining system reliability.

11. 4.Maintability:-
• Maintability deals with support and maintaince to the end
user or a client in case of techinical issues and product failures
or on the basis of a routine system checkup
• classified into two type :-
1.Scheduled or Perodic Maintance
2.Maintenance to unexpected failure
5.Security :-
• Confidentiality,Integrity and Availablity are three major
measure of information security.
• Cofidentiality deals with protection data from unauthorised
disclouser.
• Integrity give protection from unauthorised modification.
• Avalibility give protection from unauthorised user

12. 6.Safety:-
Safety deals with the possible damage that can happen to the
operator,public and environment due to the breakdown of an
embedded system or due to the emission of hazardous
materials from the embedded products.
A safety analysis must in product engineering to evaluate the
anticipated damage and determine the best course of action to
bring down the consequence of damages to an acceptable
level.

13. NON-OPERATIONAL QUALITY ATTRIBUTES
1.TESTABILITY AND DEBUG-ABILITY:-
• It deals with how easily one can test his/her
design,application and by which mean he/she can test it.
• In hardware testing the pheriphals and total hardware
function in desigen manner
• Firmware testing is functioning in expected way
• Debug-ability is means of debuging the product as such
for figuring out the probable sources that create
unexpected behavoure in the total system

14. 2.Evolvability:-
• For embedded system, the qualitive attribute “Evolvability”
refer to ease with which the embedded product can be
modified to take advantage of new firmware or hardware
technology.
3.Portability:-
• Portability is measured of “system Independence”.
• An embedded product is said to be portable if product is
capable of functioning ‘as such’ in various environments,
target processor/controller and embedded operating
systems.

15. 4.Time-to-Prototype and Market:-
• Time to Market is the time elapsed between the
conceptualisation of a product and time at which the product
is ready for selling or use
• Product prototyping help in reducing time to market.
• Prototyping is an informal kind of rapid product
development in which important feature of the under
consider are develop.
• In order to shorten the time to prototype,make use of all
possible option like use of reuse ,off the self component etc.

16. 5.Per Unite Cost and Revenue:-
• Cost is a factor which is closely-monitored by both end user
and product manufacturer
• Proper market study and cost benefit analysis should be
carried out before taking decision on the per unit cost of the
embedded product.
• When the product introduce in the market the initial period
the sales an revenue will low
• There won’t be much competiton the product sales and
revenue increase and grabs high market grabs
• During the maturiting phase ,the growth will be steady and
revenue reach high and at retirement time start with drop in
sales volume