This ppt is for the Graduation students

1. Planning
RUCHIKA KULSHRESTHA 14-02-2022

2. Introduction
Planning is concerned with predetermined course of action.
Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities
required to achieve a desired goal.
Planning in management is about what steps you need to take
to reach the goal, what changes and hurdles to anticipate, and
how to utilise human resources and opportunities to reach the
expected outcome.
Planning, for our purposes, can be thought of as determining
all the small tasks that must be carried out in order to
accomplish a goal.
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3. 2 0 X X C O N F E R E N C E P R E S E N T A T I O N 3
Definition
According to ‘Koontz and O’Donell’:-“Planning is an intellectual process, the
conscious determinatory of courses of action, the basing of decisions on purpose, facts
and considered estimates.”
According to ‘James Lundy’: “Planning is determination of what is to be done, how
and where it is to done , who is to do it & how results are to be evaluated.”
According to ‘George Terry’:- “The selection & relating of facts & the making & using of
assumptions regarding the future in the visualization & formulation of proposed activities
believed necessary to achieve the desired results.”

4. Features
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1. Planning is an Intellectual Process
2. Planning is a first function of management
3. Planning is a forward looking process
4. Planning is conscious process
5. Planning is continuous process
6. Planning is related to predetermined objectives
7. Planning leads to efficiency of economy
8. Planning leads to co-ordination and co-operation
9. Planning must be flexible

5. Process of Planning
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6. Types of Plans
1. Operational plans: The specific results expected from departments, work
groups, and individuals are the operational goals.
2. Tactical plans: A tactical plan is concerned with what the lower level units
within each division must do, how they must do it, and who is in charge at
each level.
3. Strategic plans: A strategic plan is an outline of steps designed with the
goals of the entire organisation as a whole in mind, rather than with the
goals of specific divisions or departments
4. Contingency plans: Intelligent and successful management depends
upon a constant pursuit Notes of adaptation, flexibility, and mastery of
changing conditions
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7. Activity
Develop a plan for responding
to disasters, considering the
fact that you are an Operations
Manager in a Tourism and
Hospitality Industry
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8. .
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9. Thank you
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