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Am presupus că dacă teoriile cognitiviste generează influenţe vizibile asupra
didacticii moderne, atunci analiza lor poate remite suficiente idei, în vederea
formulării unor teze de reorientare a activităţilor de învăţare.
Reprezentanţii teoriilor gestaltiste susţin că la originea comportamentelor,
procesele cognitive sunt esenţiale, astfel, dacă se doreşte a influenţa
comportamentul, nu se acţionează direct asupra acestuia, ci asupra activităţii
cognitive care îl orientează (W. Kolher, K. Koffka). Aici se include învăţarea prin
insight,care presupune un moment cognitiv specific, prin sesizarea bruscă a
posibilităţii de a modifica favorabil câmpul perceput. În contextul acestor teorii, G.
Katona demonstrează că învăţarea cu semnificaţie şi înţelegerea informaţiei bazate
pe intuiţie sunt superioare memorării mecanice.
Mai departe , în cadrul teoriei învăţării nativiste este acceptată legea efectului,
ce se explică prin faptul că procesele care duc la atingerea scopului sunt modificate
chiar de consecinţele lor. De asemenea, este promovată ideea că problemele trebuie
rezolvate inteligent şi nu mecanic, iar un model de relaţii, care este descoperit sau
înţeles într-o situaţie, poate fi transferat la alta. Gestaltismul este cognitivist,
oferind o explicaţie holistică,opusă explicaţiei atomiste a behaviorismului.
Mai mult decât atât, gestaltismul transpus în educaţie a condus la conturarea
teoriei intuiţiei, ca noutate intelectuală, cu ajutorul căreia informaţiile sunt rapid
reorganizate, în vederea surprinderii noii relaţii între date şi găsirii de soluţii pentru
anumite situaţii problematice.

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Cognitivismul

  • 1. Am presupus că dacă teoriile cognitiviste generează influenţe vizibile asupra didacticii moderne, atunci analiza lor poate remite suficiente idei, în vederea formulării unor teze de reorientare a activităţilor de învăţare. Reprezentanţii teoriilor gestaltiste susţin că la originea comportamentelor, procesele cognitive sunt esenţiale, astfel, dacă se doreşte a influenţa comportamentul, nu se acţionează direct asupra acestuia, ci asupra activităţii cognitive care îl orientează (W. Kolher, K. Koffka). Aici se include învăţarea prin insight,care presupune un moment cognitiv specific, prin sesizarea bruscă a posibilităţii de a modifica favorabil câmpul perceput. În contextul acestor teorii, G. Katona demonstrează că învăţarea cu semnificaţie şi înţelegerea informaţiei bazate pe intuiţie sunt superioare memorării mecanice. Mai departe , în cadrul teoriei învăţării nativiste este acceptată legea efectului, ce se explică prin faptul că procesele care duc la atingerea scopului sunt modificate chiar de consecinţele lor. De asemenea, este promovată ideea că problemele trebuie rezolvate inteligent şi nu mecanic, iar un model de relaţii, care este descoperit sau înţeles într-o situaţie, poate fi transferat la alta. Gestaltismul este cognitivist, oferind o explicaţie holistică,opusă explicaţiei atomiste a behaviorismului. Mai mult decât atât, gestaltismul transpus în educaţie a condus la conturarea teoriei intuiţiei, ca noutate intelectuală, cu ajutorul căreia informaţiile sunt rapid reorganizate, în vederea surprinderii noii relaţii între date şi găsirii de soluţii pentru anumite situaţii problematice.