IISC SAP GLOSSARY

1. SAP Terminology Interpretation and corresponding IISc Terminology
Access Authorization The authorization to execute a particular action for a particular object type (for example, to read a document or to change a
material).
Account Payable (AP) Liabilities currently owed by a person or business. These debts arise mainly from the purchase of goods or services. Accounts
payable ledger set up to account for the values from business transactions with vendors.
Accounts Receivable (AR) The amount owed to another party/business partner for goods sold or services provided that are still unpaid. Account
Receivable Ledger set up to record the values resulting from business transactions with customers.
Advance A minimum sum (minimum guarantee) is agreed in the contract. License revenues, which result from this contractual
agreement, must reach this total. Once the agreed validity period is over, payments made are compared with the minimum
sum (in the final invoice). If the payments made are less than the minimum sum, the difference amount is requested. The
minimum sum can also become due in advance (advance).
Asset Accounting A subsidiary ledger accounting module in Financial Accounting. All business activities for fixed assets are recorded in Asset
Accounting.
Asset Life-cycle Management A component for organizing and managing technical assets and objects. Asset Life-Cycle Management comprises all the
areas of a modern computer-supported system for maintenance management. These areas include preventive
maintenance, inspection plans, catalogs to determine causes of damage, spare parts procurement over the Internet,
inventory management, shutdown planning, and external interfaces to other systems.
Asset Maintenance A function that supports processes such as planning, scheduling, and materials/services procurement for the maintenance of
assets and facilities.
Audit Trail Automatic entry of the changes recorded in change documents or activity documents. The audit trail records the time a
change is made, who made the change, and the value that has been changed.
Authorization The authority to execute a particular action in the SAP System. Each authorization references an authorization object and
defines one or more permissible values for each authorization field contained in the authorization object. Authorizations are
combined in profiles, which are entered in a user's master record. The SAP authorization concept protects transactions,
programs, and services in SAP systems from unauthorized access.

2. Balance Sheet A statement of the financial position of an organization/institute on a given date, usually the last day of each financial year.
It is a summary of all the account balances of a business. Balance Sheet Account is an account on which the debit and credit
entries resulting from business transactions are recorded. The balance of a balance sheet account is carried forward at fiscal
year-end.
Buddy Co-worker or more experienced peer who helps a new employee learn what they need to know to succeed in their job and
role.
Budget A detailed plan of expenses, revenues, transfers, and start balances for the current fiscal year. Budget is an approved cost
structure for an action or project in a particular period of time. Budgeting differs from cost planning in that it is binding.
While you must estimate costs as accurately as possible during the planning phase, it is in the approval phase that you
prescribe your funds, in the form of a budget.
Budget Control System For a specific fiscal year, a plan of expenditures or outlays, containing detailed information on the funds to be provided to
specific organizations within a particular timeframe. The budget is defined by using a budget structure, which contains funds
centers and commitment items. A balanced budget occurs when total receipts equal total outlays for a fiscal year.
Business Area Top level of the Business Process Hierarchy. The business area (BA) is also used to classify the master data and
organizational unit substructures. It comprises a specific business task area. The task fields are processes. Examples of
business areas in IISc are Finance and Accounts; Human Resources; Payroll; Sponsored Projects; Purchase; Stores;
Academics; Campus Development and Management, etc.
Business Intelligence The knowledge management processes and technical instruments used to examine the data available in a company and to
provide the resulting analyses to users.
Business Intelligence Cockpit A Web-based control panel with Business Intelligence content that provides the management of a company with an
overview of all relevant business data.
BI cockpits provide the following options: i) You can collect data from different data sources and display it in various ways
(tables, charts, maps, and so on), ii) You can use structured (content from BI) and unstructured (documents and so on)
information to complement each other, iii) Personalized initial screen: Parameters are filled with user-specific values (for
example, values relating to cost center or region) automatically, iv) Role-specific variants: Different BI cockpits for different
roles
Business Object An object that is used to model a business process. A business object is a semantic entity, which represents the smallest
logical unit to take part in a business scenario. Examples are a customer, a sales order or a product that is defined once and
becomes the building block of the business. It is described by a data model, an internal process model and one or more
service interfaces.
Business Partner A natural or legal person or a group of natural or legal persons, not part of the business organization but with whom a
business interest exists. It can be a student, an employee, a faculty, a vendor or a customer in IISc

3. Business Process A logical sequence of processes and functions to perform a specified activity on an external or internal target group. It's a
high-level view of a process consisting of business process steps. A business process serves a specific business purpose, such
as 'purchasing goods', which could cover receiving the order through to shipping and invoicing, making a payment against
the invoice etc.
Business Process Owner (BPO) The person responsible for creating and generating the Business Blueprint for one or more business processes.
IISc executive who heads the business function; for example, the Registrar is the BPO for Human Resources; Financial
Controller is the BPO for F&A, etc.
Business User A person who uses software for the purpose of furthering a business process, and not for the purposes of carrying out an
administrative or developer task such as a purchaser, a principal investigator, a finance manager or a HR Officer .
Cash Balancing A transaction by which the cash difference can be adjusted at day-end closing. The cash difference is the difference between
the cash amount in the cash drawer counted manually by the user, and the expected cash amount calculated by the system.
Cash Budget An estimation of the cash inflows and outflows for a specific period of time. A cash budget can be prepared on a daily,
weekly, or monthly basis.
Change Management A process of controlling changes to the infrastructure or any aspect of services, enabling approved changes with minimal
disruption.
Change Management Service A component in the NetWeaver Development Infrastructure that is responsible for the management of the Software
Lifecycle. This includes the configuration of development landscapes, the development infrastructure, and the transport of
software changes.
Chart of Account (CoA) A classification scheme consisting of a group of general ledger (G/L) accounts.
A chart of accounts provides a framework for the recording of values to ensure an orderly rendering of accounting data. The
G/L accounts it contains are used by one or more company codes. For each G/L account, the chart of accounts contains the
account number, the account name, and technical information.
A chart of accounts must be assigned to each company code. This chart of accounts is the operative chart of accounts and is
used in both financial accounting and cost accounting.
Commitment A contractual or scheduled commitment that is not yet reflected in Financial Accounting but that will lead to actual
expenditures in the future. Commitment management gives you an early recording and analysis of such commitments for
their cost and financial effects. Commitments can be entered for the following objects: i) PRoduction orders, ii) Internal
orders, iii) Maintenance orders, iv) Sales orders, v) Cost centers, vi) Networks, vii) Network activities, viii) Projects (work
breakdown structure elements)

4. Configuration The definition of parameters that an SAP program uses to determine, for example, display modes, available functions and
components, network communications, and connections with other programs. It can be a possible instance of the
adaptations in Web Dynpro ABAP - an adaptation of a Web Dynpro component or Web Dynpro application made by a
developer.
Configuration item The unit or system being identified and changed in change management. Configuration items are components of an IT
infrastructure or objects associated with an IT infrastructure. They may vary in complexity and size from a single module or
minor component to an entire system.
Cost Centre An organizational unit within a controlling area that represents a defined location of cost incurrence.
The definition can be based on: i) Functional requirements, ii) Allocation criteria, iii) Physical location, iv) Responsibility for
costs. In IISc, each of the Academic Departments, Centres and Administrative Units is a cost centre
Cost Object An object to which personnel costs can be assigned, for example, salaries, or benefits.
The following types of object can be cost objects: i) Organizational unit, ii) Position, iii) Job, iv) Work center, v) Employee.
Cost objects can be independent entities (called cost object IDs), or they can represent other entities (such as orders or
projects). The following cost objects can be used in the SAP System: i) Product cost collectors, ii) Production orders, iii)
Process orders, iv) Cost object IDs, v) Sales order items
Customization User-specific customization of an SAP application. An application is customized to meet the requirements of the respective
business case or of the specific country. This is done by the system/application administrator. Customization might include
the company logo, a definition of authorizations for certain roles, etc.
Data Warehousing A key functional area of mySAP Business Intelligence that delivers a common view of enterprise data and enables analysis
and interpretation of integrated, consistent information. The data warehouse infrastructure serves as both a data and
information collector and a provider.
Debit Posting In double-entry accounting, an entry on the left side (debit side) of an account. Each business transaction requires a debit
and a credit posting using at least two different accounts, that is, one account is debited and the other one credited.
Delivery Order A document issued by the owner of goods that authorizes the release of specified goods or materials to the bearer of the
order.
Down payment A part of the full price paid at the time of purchase or delivery with the balance to be paid later. Down payments are shown
separately from other receivables and payables on the balance sheet. A distinction is made between: i) Down payments
made (displayed under fixed and current assets), ii) Down payments received (displayed under payables)
Down payment invoice A statement for an initial partial payment of goods at the time of purchase or delivery with the balance to be paid later.

5. Down payment request A request that a down payment be made at a certain time. Down payment requests are stored separately in the SAP System.
Although they do not update transaction figures, they can be taken into account in dunning and automatic payment
transactions.
End User Any user who does not have an administrative or developer role in SAP S/4 HANA System but uses the various services
provided by the SAP S/4 HANA system, such as the Employee Self Service, Manager Self Service, Posting a financial
transaction, Create a Project , Purchase Requisition or Purchase Order, view a project status, generate and view a financial
report or management report, raise an invoice , approve an invoice, and so on.. Almost every employee/student in IISc will
be a end user of some or the other SAP transaction.
Enhancement Any developments that customize, enhance, or change existing SAP functionality. It can be an addition to an SAP standard
program made at a user exit provided for making such additions. An enhancement does not change SAP S/4 HANA
Repository objects. With the ABAP Development Workbench you can develop any SAP S/4 HANA Repository Objects.
Enhancements are not affected by upgrading to a new release.
General Ledger A ledger designed to present the values used in creating financial statements. It records values at company code level.
General Ledger Account The lowest organizational unit of cost assignment in an accounting system.
General Ledger Accounting Complete representation of external accounting. All business transactions (primary postings, settlements from internal
accounting) are recorded in an integrated business software system. This guarantees that the accounting information is
complete and reconciled at all times. Other functions provided by New General Ledger Accounting: i) Parallel accounting, ii)
Integration of legal and management reporting, iii) Segment reporting, iv) Cost of sales accounting
Goods and Services Tax (GST) Goods and Service Tax is an indirect tax imposed in India on the supply of goods and services. It is a comprehensive
multistage, destination based tax. Comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except few.
Goods Receipt A term from inventory management denoting a physical inward movement of goods or materials. The SAP System
differentiates between the following types of goods receipt: i) Goods receipt with reference to a purchase order, ii) Goods
receipt with reference to a production order, iii) Other goods receipts without reference
HSN Code HSN code or Harmonized System Nomenclature code number is an internationally adopted commodity description and
coding system developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) with the vision of classifying goods all over the World
in a systematic manner. HSN code is used by more than 200 countries as a basis for their customs tariffs.
Internal Order An instrument used to monitor costs and, in some instances, the revenues of an organization. Internal orders can be used
for the following purposes: i) Monitoring the costs of short-term jobs, ii) Monitoring the costs and revenues of a specific
service, iii) Ongoing cost control. In IISc, an internal order can be a non-sponsored cost object (for example, funding from the
IISc Director) which is used to track costs over periods other than financial years. Internal orders could be created to track
gifts or endowments.

6. Inventory A list of all goods and materials held in stock for future sale or use as well as goods and materials on-order in anticipation of
future use. In SAP, Inventory is the name of the module that includes item and warehouse management, price lists, special
pricing agreements, and inventory valuation.
Invoice A sales and distribution document used to charge a customer for delivery of goods or services. An invoice contains, among
other things, the following information: i) Name of the goods or services, ii) Quantity sent, iii) Remuneration due
Key Business User (KBU) IISc admin officers who are the principal users of the business function. For example, DFC (F&A) is the KBU for payroll;
Deputy Registrar (Council) is the KBU for Human Resources, etc.
Key performance indicators (KPIs) Measurable, quantifiable metric used to define a target. They express abstract company objectives in financial or physical
units , usually qualitative or quantitative assessments resulting from a comparison between an actual and a target value
over specific time periods.
Master Data Information about an organization that is relatively static, and can be used to describe the make-up or assets of an
organization. For example: Information about customers, products, employees, materials, and suppliers. The master data
also portrays the basic units of consolidation in the SAP System: i) Organizations, ii) Subgroups, iii) Financial statement items,
iv) Transaction types
Master Data Management (MDM) A function for setting up your master data, such as the facility hierarchy and materials. Master Data Manager is the central
point of access used by the contract administrator to define central master data; create and modify master data structures;
create, modify, delete, and upload attributes for master data.
Material Group A grouping of materials and services according to their characteristics, unifying relationship and/or regarded as belonging
together.
Material Grouping Any combination of products that can be used as a requirement or as a target condition for bonus buys. The items in a
material grouping can be single materials or materials such as generic materials, material groups, promotions or layout
areas. A quantity and a unit of measure must be entered for each item in the material grouping.
Material Groups These are codes that classify goods and services by commodity or service type and are used by the Purchase Section in IISc
for reporting purposes. For example, desks belong to the material group “1920” Furniture and Furnishings.
Material Master IISc, like any organization, manages the data on all its materials in the material master.
Material Master Record A data record containing all the basic information required to manage a material. This data is sorted according to various
criteria including data of a descriptive nature (such as size, dimension and weight) and data with a control function (such as
material type and industry sector). In addition to this data, which can be directly maintained by the user, it also contains
data that is automatically updated by the system (such as stock levels).
Material Number /Material Code A number that uniquely identifies a material in the SAP system. As a rule, a material master record must exist for each
material managed in an enterprise. This record is stored under the material number or material code.

7. Organizational Structure (Enterprise
Structure)
SAP enterprise structure is an systematic hierarchical arrangement of all organizational units. Different sets of units, for
legal reasons or for other specific business-related reasons or purposes, could be grouped together. For example, in the IISc
context, we group all academic departments together.
P&L Statement A summary profit and loss report that allows users to analyze the measures that make up profitability from the lowest level
of detail (transactional level) to the highest level of consolidation. The revenue, costs, margin, and profit measures are
included in the report.
Parked Invoice A preliminary invoice that has been created and saved, but not yet posted as a legal invoice. Parked invoices may be subject
to additional processing steps that must be completed before a legal invoice can be created.
Parked Invoice document The parked data of a vendor invoice saved in the SAP System using the "Park Incoming Invoice" function. You can park
invoice documents if: i) Information for posting the invoice document is missing, for example, the balance is not zero. ii) The
business process of invoice entry is performed in several steps, for example, by clerks responsible for invoice entry and by
invoice verification staff.
When parking documents, one must enter the following: i) Document date, ii) Invoicing party, iii) Vendor, iv) Account
assignment objects
The following updates take place: i) Document changes are logged, ii) Data for advance tax returns, iii) Index for duplicate
invoice check, iv) Vendor open items, v) PO history
You can change, complete, delete, or post parked invoice documents. However, they can no longer be put "on hold."
Plant In Logistics a plant is an organizational unit for dividing an enterprise according to production, procurement, maintenance,
and materials planning. A place where materials are produced, or goods and services are provided. In IISc , a department or
a centre is termed as Plant.
Profit Centre An organizational unit in Accounting that reflects a management-oriented structure of the organization for the purpose of
internal control. Operating results for a profit centre can be analyzed using either the cost of sales approach or the period
accounting approach. By analyzing the fixed capital as well, one can expand one's profit centre for use as an investment
centre.
Profit Centre Area The profit centre standard hierarchy contains two structure elements: the hierarchy area and the summarization area. The
hierarchy area is an end node in the tree structure. You can assign profit centres to it when maintaining the standard
hierarchy.
Profit Centre Code An alphanumeric key that clearly identifies a profit centre.

8. Project A project is a summary of certain business processes within a company. They can be defined as a plan distinguished by the
uniqueness of their conditions.
A project i) Has a clear goal, ii) Is restricted by time due to a defined beginning and a defined end, iii) Is characterized by its
uniqueness and newness, iv) Is complex and cannot be carried out without a structural outline, v) Has defined costs and a
defined budget based on the tasks involved, vi) Is carried out within a project-related organization, vii) Requires defined
resources, viii) Is processed interdisciplinarily
A project is structured according to two points of view: i) Structure (project structure plan), ii) Process (network)
In IISc, most of the projects are Research Projects sponsored by external agencies
Project Baseline The frozen plan used for monitoring and controlling.
Project Charter It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project objectives, identifies the main
stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for the future of the
project. The Project Charter is drawn up by the project manager as part of the initial project planning work package.
Project Definition A framework for a business undertaking with a fixed goal to achieve with given resources. The project definition contains
dates and organizational information that are binding for the entire project.
Project Management An organizational structure created for the project that is responsible for planning, controlling, and monitoring the project.
It is primarily creation and management of projects that are used in Customizing to implement or upgrade an SAP System. In
project management, the project manager creates Customizing projects, defines their scope and duration, and assigns
employees to them. He or she also defines templates for status information, keywords and types of documentation.
Project Management Planning tool A program that is used to manage the project implementation process. It provides an outline of steps, durations, start and
finish dates, resources, charts, and so on. Microsoft Project, Primavera Project Planner are examples.
Project Plan A plan that includes the budget plan, the resource plan and the work plan.
Project Sponsor A senior management role that typically involves approving or supporting the allocation of resources for a venture, defining
its goals and assessing the venture's eventual success. Also a project sponsor might also champion or advocate for the
project to be adopted with other members of senior management within the business. Also called an executive sponsor. In
IISc, Project Sponsors are typically external funding agencies.
Project Status The project status describes the stage a project has reached. Examples of project statuses that might be assigned include: i)
Initial, ii) Pending, iii) Active, iv) Completed, v) Closed
Project Status Report A periodic report on project progress showing labor, deadlines and costs, and any divergences from the project plan.
Project Structure The significant relationships between elements in a project.
Project System A component of the SAP system that you use to plan, execute, and account for projects as part of your business processes.

9. Project Template The project templates are user-defined configurations of transformation requirements or analyses and their associated
solutions. The processing and creation of project templates is carried out by making a corresponding selection of the
transformation requirements and solutions in the portfolio browser. Only through the assignment of a project template
does a project receive the information regarding which components are contained in the project context.
Project Template Id Unique identifier for a project template When you create a project template, the system either generates a unique project
template ID value itself or validates the value entered by the user. In both cases, the format of the ID depends on rules
previously defined during backend configuration.
Project tracking Project tracking consists of comparing the project plan with the actual advance of the project. Project tracking is particularly
important for organizations with a track record of time- and cost overruns. The process activities involved - i) Determine
Work Done, ii) Determine Resources Spent, iii) Compare Work Done vs. Resources Spent - Earned Value Analysis, iv) Track
Milestones
Purchase Order A request or instruction from a purchasing organization to a vendor (external supplier) or a plant to deliver a quantity of
material or to perform services at a certain point in time.
Purchase Requisition A request or instruction to Purchasing to procure a quantity of a material or service so that it is available at a certain point in
time. It is an optional step prior to the purchase order which, for example, stores use to register a requirement with the
distribution center or head office. Purchase requisitions are also created automatically by Requirements Planning for order
proposals generated. A purchase requisition results from requisition notes for an account assignment object. It also
represents a funds commitment that is converted to a tying up of capital as a result of contractual obligations (purchase
orders).
Purchase Requisition Item A fact sheet that displays item data of purchase requisitions and enables users to navigate to related purchase orders, goods
receipts, and supplier invoices, for example.
Request for Quotation (RFQ) A request from a purchasing organization to a vendor (external supplier) to submit a quotation for the supply of materials or
the performance of services.
Reservation A request to the warehouse or stores to keep a material ready for issue at a future date for a certain purpose. The purpose
of a reservation is to ensure that a material is available when required. A material can be reserved for a cost center, a plant,
or an order. In IISc, Departments or centres can be cost centres or plants.
Roles and Authorization A Role of a user is a collection of authorizations that the user can use to access different transactions, reports, web-based
applications, etc. An SAP authorization protects transactions, programs, and services in SAP systems from unauthorized
access. To access business objects or execute SAP transactions, a user requires corresponding authorizations, as business
objects or transactions are protected by authorization objects. Setting the roles and authorizations for all users is key
exercise before the system can go live.
SAC Code The SAC code means Services Accounting Code under which services fall under GST are classified. HSN code and SAC code
are the codes used to classify goods and services under GST regime in India

10. SAP A German software company whose products allow businesses to track customer and business interactions.SAP is
especially well-known for its Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and data management programs. SAP is an
acronym for Systems, Applications and Products. SAP software products provide powerful instruments for helping
companies to manage their financials, logistics, human resources, and other business areas. The backbone of SAP software
offering is SAP ERP system which is the most advanced Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system from currently available
ones.
SAP - Roles and Profiles Roles are logically assigned to users to give the newer functionality of Roles (Menus etc), but profiles are assigned to give
the authorizations.. When you create roles it will generate the profile automatically. Roles contains transaction code while
profile will hold the values. i.e. Roles work as a wrapper to profile.
SAP Audit Management According to DIN EN ISO 9000, this is a systematic, independent, and documented process used to obtain audit results and
to evaluate these results objectively in order to determine to what extent the criteria of audit have been fulfilled. An audit is
modeled in SAP Audit Management as a named auditing process to which auditable items are assigned for auditing, and
which defines the time periods and other attributes of audits to be conducted.
SAP Business Information
Warehouse (BW)
A data collection or database that is created by integrating various datasets and data from external sources.
Data warehouses provide users with a global view of the data that has many useful applications.
SAP BusinessObjects BI SAP BO, also historically BOBJ, is a reporting and analytics business intelligence (BI) platform aimed at business users. It
consists of a number of reporting applications that allow users to discover data, perform analysis to derive insights and
create reports that visualize the insights
SAP Development System The part of the SAP landscape which is used typically for the development and testing of new customizing or application
adjustments. Develoment system is where the complete configuration will be done. Most of the time, Unit testing goes in
DEV system only unless Client is specific to test everything in QAS system. Once the configuration is done, tested in QAS
system by consultants and by client’s SAP consultants or end-users; then it will be moved to PRD and Golden client.
SAP Fiori SAP Fiori is a new user experience (UX) for SAP software and applications. It provides a set of applications that are used in
regular business functions like work approvals, financial apps, calculation apps and various self-service apps. It is a set of
cross-device applications that, among other things, allow users to start a process on their desktop and continue it on a tablet
or smartphone. SAP is developing its Fiori apps on its latest user interface framework, SAPUI5.
SAP GUI SAPGUI is the GUI client in SAP ERP's 3-tier architecture of database, application server and client. It is software that runs on
a Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh or Unix desktop, and allows a user to access SAP functionality in SAP applications
such as SAP ERP and SAP Business Information Warehouse. Realized by SAP GUI in an ABAP-based SAP system.
SAP HANA SAP HANA (high-performance analytic appliance) is an application that uses in-memory database technology that allows the
processing of very high volume of real-time data in a short time. The in-memory computing engine allows HANA to process
data stored in RAM as opposed to reading it from a disk.

11. SAP Landscapes SAP has a methodology of running a project called as Accelerated SAP (ASAP) methodology. As per this methodology,
common practise is to create a 3 or 4 system landscape. Normally there will be Sandbox system (rough work system),
Golden client (configuration stored here), Development system (Development work done), Quality System (Most of testing
goes here) and Production system (real-time server). Work done will be moved from one system to other using Transport
Requests (TRs) which will be generated when you do any changes in any system.
SAP Production System Production system is where real-time things happen. End-users in client will start posting accounting, FI, S&P, SD, PS, HR and
other implemented modules as part of configuration done in DEevelopment system. TRs will be moved from Develoment to
Production once testing is complet in Quality system. If there is any issue in the Production system, end-users wil raise that
as a ticket with a priority label attached to it. You as support SAP consultant must look into the issue by loggin into
Production where you have only ‘Display’ access. Looking at the issue, do the necessary changes in Develoment system,
generate the TRs, move it to quality system, do the testing, ask the end-user to do the same and once confirmed, move the
TR to production to mitigate the error.
SAP Quality System Quality System is used to test the whole configuration; technically and functionally. Without proper testing, there will be lot
of errors in Production system. That is not acceptable by any client. SAP consultants will have complete ‘Change’ access upto
here. In the remaining Production client and Golden Client, functional consultants will not have ‘Change’ access but only
‘Display’ access just to monitor what is going on. In some clients, technical consultants (ABAP, BW, etc.) will not have any
access to production. Only BASIS consultants will move the Transport Requests(TRs) generated by technical consultants to
Production system.
SAP S/4 HANA SAP S/4HANA is fully built on the most advanced in-memory platform - SAP HANA - and is designed with the most modern
user experience (UX) - SAP Fiori. It delivers digitized end-to-end processes to help enterprises across industries run simple in
the digital economy.
SAP Test Environment A technological and business setting that is used to control the execution, observation and evaluation of testing. There are
different test environments to suit the test objective, such as Unit Testing, Integration Testing , Performance Testing and
User Aceptance Testing. Each of these test environments must be established prior to any testing effort.
SAP Workflow SAP Workflow ensures " the right work is brought in the right sequence at the right time to the right people". It is a tool
designed to facilitate and automate business processes that require tasks to be performed by people. ... For example, a
Manager could use workflow to approve a vacation request from an employee. A requisition that needs to be approved is
sent to the appropriate approver's inbox. Workflow is also used to route journal vouchers, credit card charges, and other
documents in SAP.
Storage Location A space where an inventory item is physically located.
Stores Delivery Note (SDN) A document issued by the stores that lists detailed information about the items sent.
It is normally sent with the goods and, when signed by the receiver, provides proof of delivery.

12. Transaction The classification of postings in various SAP application components based on various business points of view. For example -
i) Enter an invoice, ii) Post a good receipt, iii) Create a confirmation. Using transactions, the data flow is controlled between
various application components.
Transaction Code (T-code) Sequence of characters that identifies a transaction in the SAP System. A transaction code can contain up to 20 characters
and should always begin with a letter. Permitted characters are letters from A to Z, numbers from 0 to 9, and the
underscore. To call a transaction, you enter the transaction code in the command field and choose Enter.
Transactional data This is data related to a single business event such as a purchase requisition or a request for payment. For example, when
requisition is created, SAP creates an electronic document for that particular transaction. SAP gives the transaction a
document number and adds the document to the transaction data that is already in the system. Whenever a transaction is
completed in SAP, that is, when a document is created, changed, or printed, this document number appears at the bottom
of the screen.
Transport The transfer of SAP System components from one system to another. The components to be transported are specified in the
object list of a transport request. Each transport consists of an export process and an import process. The export process
reads objects from the source system and stores them in a data file at operating system level.
The import process reads objects from the data file and writes them to the database of the target system.
The SAP System maintains a transport log of all actions during export and import.
Trial Balance A summary of all the account balances at a given date. This preliminary balance is used to point out errors in the closing
balance. A trial balance report that is calculated on the basis of a selected budget scenario.
Upload The processes of loading consolidation-relevant data from a data file or a front end system into the SAP Consolidation
system.
Upload Method A combination of parameters that describe the structure of a file, the data of which is loaded from a non-SAP system into an
SAP system. For example, you use row type indicators to determine whether the row contains header information or actual
data, long text, or hierarchy information. The upload method also determines whether to overwrite existing data.
User Acceptance Test A delivery system review on various platforms before delivery. This is the basis for the acceptance of Software Applications,
Products or Services. The values and conditions that are used to judge and determine that the business solution meets the
stated requirements are called Acceptance Test Criteria.
User Interface The software layer containing visual presentation. It consists of a set of technical features and functions used to exchange
information with a system. In an ABAP-based SAP system, the user interface covers all control elements of an ABAP
program. This includes the graphical user interface (GUI) in a window and the function keys and other keys of the input
device (keyboard or other hardware component that simulates a keyboard, such as a bar code reader). In Web-based
applications, the user interface is realized in Web browsers by Server Pages or Web Dynpros.

13. User Interface API An programmable application interface (API) to the SAP Business user interface. The UI API consists of a collection of DCOM
objects that provide access to the application forms, controls, and menus.
User Profile The collection of “authorizations” a user or set of users are granted in order to perform transactions related to their jobs.
For example, someone designated as a “requisitioner” might only have the ability to create and change, but not approve,
requisitions
Variant A set of filter settings and input parameters for a KPI or a report. Variants are global in nature and can be created without
reference to a particular KPI or report. A variant can be an instance of a presentation that contains drilled-down data for
specific variables. For example - Instances can be created for different countries, regions, periods, etc.
Vendor A business partner to whom amounts are payable for goods delivered or services performed. Examples of such services or
goods include: i) Goods acquired, ii) Business services received, iii) The transfer of a right. For example, a visiting professor
at IISc is trated by SAP as a vendor since the visiting professor is offering expert services to IISc. Similarly, an external Ph.D.
thesis examiner is a vendor. The term “vendor” is not to be considered derogatory in any way.
Wage type class A grouping together of wage types so that limits can be processed.
A wage type class contains one or more wage types. The system processes them together for deduction limits.
Wage type group Grouping of wage types according to specific business criteria. Wage type groups are used to assign wage types to specific
steps in Customizing.
Example: Wage types that are entered in a particular intotype, for example wage type group Recurring
Payments/Deductions
Wage types that are used for a particular calculation, such as tax or social insurance, for example, wage type group Social
Insurance.
WBS Element A structural element in a work breakdown structure representing the hierarchical organization of a project. A WBS element
describes a task or a partial task that can be divided. In IISc terminology, it is equivalent to a “debit head.” WBS elements
are funded by outside sponsors and are used to track costs of different types of expenses of a particular research project
over it sentire duration. They may also be created to track other sponsored activities, such as gifts.
Z-Code A transaction code is used to access functions or running programs (including executing ABAP code) in the SAP application
more rapidly. ... The alternative to using and having to know the transaction codes is to set up a favorites menu which is a
customized menu established by the user.