2. CONTENTS
• TELECOMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS
• BOUNDED & UNBOUNDED MEDIUM
• IP ADDRESS
• ISP
• WEB SERVER
• DOMIAN NAMES
• MAIL SERVER
• SMTP
• POP3
• IMAP4
3. TELECOMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS
Telecommunications is an important tool for businesses. It enables companies to communicate
effectively with customers and deliver high standards of customer service. Telecommunications is a key
element in allowing employees to collaborate easily from wherever they are located, remote or local.
Telecommunication gives companies the opportunity to introduce more flexible working by allowing
employees to work efficiently from home or more remote locations.
4. WHY TELECOMMUNICATION IMPORTANT IN BUSINESS?
Improves Cross-Team Collaboration
Telecommunications technologies can improve collaboration across the entire business, from individual colleagues to
teams and departments. Smartphones, messaging, videoconferencing, and other services give team members the
ability to share data, brainstorm ideas, and collaborate on projects, no matter where they are located. These
technologies allow companies to build a digital workplace.
Increase Employee Productivity and Satisfaction
Giving employees this flexibility often results in increased productivity and job satisfaction. It can also make it easier
for businesses to attract and retain qualified employees.
Employees often feel less stress when working from home, become more efficient, and focus better on their work.
Improved Customer Service
Telecommunication helps improve customer service with automation. For example, a lot of companies currently use
conversational AI voice bots for sales, marketing, and customer support. These bots can help answer questions and
guide customers through services.
5. Transmission Media
The physical means by which data is transmitted from one geographic or electronic location to another
is called transmission, or "communication" media. There are two categories of transmission media used
in network communications.
• Bounded or guided media
• Unbounded or unguided media
6.
7. Bounded Media
Bounded media are physical cables that signals travel through on a narrow path. Also known as guided media, bounded
media are made up of an external conductor (usually copper) wrapped in a jacket made of nonconductive material.
Bounded media are great for in-lab communications because they offer high speeds, are more secure than unbounded
media and are low-cost. A downfall of bounded media are the distance constraints; one can only use bounded media as
far as they can afford cable, and attenuation can prevent connections over longer distances.
Three common types of bounded media are used in data transmission. These are:
• Twisted-Pair Cable -
The most popular network cabling is twisted-pair cabling. It is light-weight, easy to install, inexpensive, and supports a
variety of networks. Twisted-pair cabling is made of pairs of solid or stranded copper twisted along each other.
• Coaxial Cable -
Coaxial cable is a widely used type of transmission media. For example, a TV wire is usually coaxial.
• Fiber Optic Cable -
Fiber optic cable uses light signals to transmit data. In fiber optics, light only moves in one direction, so for two-way
communication to take place a second connection must be made between the two devices.
10. UNBOUNDED MEDIA
Unbounded media is in which the data transmission occurs through
the air, commonly known as wireless. It is also known as un-
guided or wireless media. Types of unbounded media are
• microwave,
• radio wave, &
• infrared waves.
If the path is not clear means it cant transmit data. Some times due
to heavy rain and wind also it cant transmit data.
12. IPADDRESS
IP address is a unique address that is used to identify computers or nodes on the internet. This address is
just a string of numbers written in a certain format. It is generally expressed in a set of numbers for
example 192.155.12.1. Here each number in the set is from 0 to 255 range. Or we can say that a full IP
address ranges from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255. And these IP addresses are assigned by IANA (known as
Internet Corporation For Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
Types of IP address
There are mainly four types of IP addresses:
•Public,
•Private,
•Static &
•Dynamic.
Version of IP address
Two types of IP addresses are 1)IPV4 and 2) IPV6.
15. Internet Service Provider
ISP stands for Internet Service Provider which is a term used to refer to a
company that provides internet access to people who pay the company or subscribe
to the company for the same. For their services, the customers have to pay the
internet service provider a nominal fee which varies according to the amount of data
they actually use or the data plan which they purchase.
List of ISP
•Reliance Jio
•Vodafone Idea
•Airtel
•BSNL
16. WEB SERVER
A website’s content is stored and delivered with the help of a web server. All images, texts, videos, application data, and
anything else that is needed by the user, is delivered with the help of a web server. Whenever a user clicks on a link or
starts a download, the web server calls for the data from the website.
It consists of the hardware and software that is responsible for responding to requests on the World Wide Web, with the use
of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and other protocols. These requests are made by clients.
The main thing that it is responsible for, is displaying the contents of a website to each user who requests it. This process
involves storing, processing, and delivering data.
The exchange of data among devices is facilitated by a web server’s hardware. The software component of a web server
controls the users’ access to the hosted files. All systems that host websites need to have the web server software.
17. DOMIAN NAMES
Domain name, often referred to as “web address”, is the address that people type into a browser address
bar to find the website. A registered domain name is unique to us and can’t be used by anyone else.
Any business, organization or individual striving to establish online presence should own a domain name.
18. MAIL SERVER
An email server, also called a mail server, is essentially a computer system that sends and receives emails. When
we send an email, it goes through a series of servers to reach its final destination. While this process is lightning
fast and efficient, there is a significant amount of complexity behind sending and receiving emails.
At its simplest, a mail server collects and distributes emails to their intended destination. We can think of it as a
computer that acts as an electronic post office for email, which allows us to control the transfer of emails within a
network through different protocols.
A mail server can also encrypt the transfer of emails, so nobody can gain access to the information in your personal
email inbox. Today’s mailboxes can include a treasure-trove of sensitive information from social media details to
financial data that hackers are eager to sell. So it’s more important than ever to secure our emails. To do just that,
some email servers and server software can also provide additional security features to guard against cybersecurity
attacks.
19. SMTP
• SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
• SMTP is a set of communication guidelines that allow software to transmit an electronic mail over the
internet is called Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
• It is a program used for sending messages to other computer users based on e-mail addresses.
• It provides a mail exchange between users on the same or different computers, and it also supports:
• It can send a single message to one or more recipients.
• Sending message can include text, voice, video or graphics.
• It can also send the messages on networks outside the internet.
• The main purpose of SMTP is used to set up communication rules between servers. The servers have a
way of identifying themselves and announcing what kind of communication they are trying to perform.
They also have a way of handling the errors such as incorrect email address. For example, if the recipient
address is wrong, then receiving server reply with an error message of some kind.
20. POP3
The POP3 abbreviation stands for Post Office
Protocol version 3, which provides access to an
inbox stored in an email server. It executes the
download and delete operations for messages. Thus,
when a POP3 client connects to the mail server, it
retrieves all messages from the mailbox. Then it
stores them on your local computer and deletes them
from the remote server.
With the help of this protocol we are able to access
the messages locally in offline mode as well.
Modern POP3 clients allow us to keep a copy of
your messages on the server if we explicitly select
this option.
21. IMAP4
IMAP4 stands for Internet Mail Access Protocol version 4, is an Internet standard protocol for
storing and retrieving messages from Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) hosts. Internet
Mail Access Protocol version 4 (IMAP4) provides functions similar to Post Office Protocol
version 3 (POP3).
IMAP4 includes a number of features that are not supported by POP3.
