1. Agricultural Innovation for
Smallholder Rice Farming Systems
in Peatland Area to Support Food
Security in Indonesia
Rika Reviza Rachmawati
000747135

2.  The Importance of Tropical Peatland
 Tropical peatlands plays an important role in carbon
sequester
 Helps to mitigate climate change
 Peat forest provides timber species such as Ramin
(Gongstylus), Meranti (Shorea spp.) and Jelutung.
 Homes to many unique and diverse ecosystems.
 The majority of people use peatlands for agriculture
processed which include grazing, peat mining and forestry,
especially for bioenergy plantations (Joosten et al., 2012).
Literature Reviews

3. Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia
Source: Wahyunto et al (2003, 2004 and 2006).

4.  Indonesia's peatlands are being deforested, drained,
and burned for oil palm and timber plantations,
agriculture, and logging activities. (Page, S., Rieley O.J
and Banks, J. C 2011).
 Peatlands have been especially vulnerable to such
pressures; extremely dry conditions in both the
vegetation and high winds enabled fires to easily ignite
and spread (Someshwar, S., Boer, R., and Conrad, R.,
2012).
Challenges and Potential Future In
Peatland Area

5. Case Study In Central Kalimantan
Millions hectares peatlands have been
drained and converted from forest to
agricultural land and palm plantations
Many local farmers practice shifting
cultivation, they burned forestland to
create plots of farming but it became
conflagration

6. Fire use in Peatland area
Chokkalingam, U. and Suyanto (October 2004). Fire, livelihoods and environmental
degradation in the wetlands of Indonesia: A vicious cycle.

7. Indonesian government in 1995 has Mega Rice Project (MRP) In
central Kalimantan with the purpose of aiming to converting
forest into rice fields
Agricultural Innovation Rice farming Systems
for Smallholder farmers
The MRP project was stopped due to continous rice cultivation
which proved to be immpossible this became a cause for
degradation in the peatland area
The Mega rice project was abandoned in 1999 and created an
enormous pressure on the local environment. The project failed
as peat soils have a very different structure from mineral soils

8. Sonor/Swamp Rice Cultivation
in Southern Sumatera
Sonor is a system of traditional rice cultivation only
during long drought periods that allow complete
burning
Advantage of using Sonor because less little
expensive, labour force and maintenance.
Most of the communities that practise Sonor are
local people, but transmigrants also adopted the
practice

9. Total Production of Sonor Cultivation From
1997 to 2000
(Source : Chokkalingam and Suyanto 2004)

10.  Limited access to new knowledge
 Weak integration of social and environmental concerns
into sector planning and development
 Weak organizational learning at the company, farmer,
and entrepreneur level.
 Weak connections to sources of financing for innovation
 Many transmigrants admit that they did not have the
knowledge and skills needed for profitable agriculture
and thus growing rice on peatland with making a profit is
hardly possible
Social Constrains

11. Rehabilitate Degraded Peatland for
Agricultural Sustainability
Restoration in central
Kalimantan:
Mostly hydrological
damage as a impact of
the uncontrolled drainage
system and severe peat
fires
Hardship due to limited
funding
Rehabilitation requires
long term commitment
and funding
Rehabilitation with
Dyera lowii, Shorea
belageran and
Alstonia
pneumatophore:
Have the best
performance in
terms of survival and
grows
Unfortunately, they
raze by fires.
Conservation:
 Reduce CO2
emission
 Rewetted
(Complete rewetting is
often very difficult or
even possible because
drainage has
irreversible changes in
peatlands)

12. What are key concerns for agriculture and food
security in peatland area in Indonesia?
What kind agricultural innovation technology for
smallholder rice farming Systems relating with food
security in Indonesia?
How to encourage local people as part of the solution
and stakeholders for restoration process in peatland?
How to rehabilitate degraded peatland to alleviate
poverty in Indonesia?
How to overcome ecological constrains in peatland
area?
Objectives

13. Quantitative analysis
Household survey
Choice Experiment (CE)
The main question was to what extent local
communities would be willing to change their land-use
and how much compensation they need .
Research Strategy

14. Thank you

15. Boehm, H.-D.V., Siegert, F (2001) Ecological Impact of the One Million Hectrare Rice Project in Central Kalimantan, Idonesia, Using
Remote Sensing and GIS. 22nd Asian Conference of Remote Sensing. Available from
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Chai, C. (2012). Proposed Restoration of Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) in Peatlands in Sarawak, Malaysia. Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Workshop on Peatlands sustainability at Bogor, Indonesia. http://asianpeat.net. [Accessed 14 March 2012].
Chokkalingam, U. and Suyanto (October 2004). Fire, livelihoods and environmental degradation in the wetlands of Indonesia: A
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[Accessed 16 March 2013].
Chokkalingam, U., and Suyanto. 2004. Summary of workshop results. Pages 20–34 in Suyanto, U. Chokkalingam, and P. Wibowo,
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Indonesia’s National Climate Change Council (Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim DNPI) (2010) “Indonesia’s greenhouse gas abatement
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