2. HISTORY-DEFINITION
COLOR BLINDNESS IS A GENETIC DEFECT THAT CAUSES DIFFICULTY DISTINGUISHING COLORS. THE
WORD COMES FROM BLINDNESS MATHEMATICIAN AND PHYSICIST JOHN DALTON WHO SUFFERED
FROM THIS DISORDER. THE DEGREE OF INVOLVEMENT IS HIGHLY VARIABLE, RANGING FROM THE
INABILITY TO DISCERN ANY COLOR AND A SLIGHT DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY DISTINGUISHING CERTAIN
SHADES OF RED AND GREEN. ALTHOUGH SOCIETY IN GENERAL CONSIDERS THAT THE BLINDNESS
GOES UNNOTICED IN EVERYDAY LIFE, IS A PROBLEM FOR THE AFFECTED AREAS AS DIVERSE AS:
ASSESSING THE FRESHNESS OF CERTAIN FOODS, IDENTIFY COLOR CODES FLAT, CHOOSING CERTAIN
PROFESSIONS FOR WHICH YOU MUST PASS A MEDICAL EXAMINATION THAT INVOLVES CORRECTLY
IDENTIFY COLORS. IT CAN BE DETECTED BY SPECIFIC VISUAL TEST AS ISHIHARA CHARTS.
3. SISTOMS-AFECTIONS
SYMPTOMS VARY FROM PERSON TO PERSON, BUT MAY INCLUDE:
• TROUBLE SEEING COLORS AND THE BRIGHTNESS IN THE USUAL WAY.
• INABILITY TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHADES OF THE SAME COLOR OR SIMILAR COLORS.
OFTEN, THE SYMPTOMS MAY BE SO MILD THAT SOME PEOPLE DO NOT KNOW THEY HAVE COLOR
BLINDNESS. A PARENT MAY NOTICE SIGNS OF COLOR BLINDNESS WHEN YOUR CHILD IS LEARNING
THE NAMES OF COLORS.
IN SEVERE CASES, THEY MAY HAVE RAPID EYE MOVEMENTS FROM SIDE TO SIDE AND OTHER
SYMPTOMS.
4. • COLOR BLINDNESS IS AN ALTERATION IN THE SENSE OF SIGHT THAT DOES NOT INVOLVE SERIOUS
COMPLICATIONS IN EVERYDAY LIFE , BUT IN SEVERE CASES CAN INVOLVE COMPLETE COLOR
BLINDNESS . OTHER CONDITIONS OF THE SENSES, STRANGER , WHOSE ORIGIN LIES IN THE BRAIN.
EVERYTHING LOOKS, SMELLS OR TASTES REQUIRED THE LABOR OF MILLIONS OF NERVE CELLS THAT
SEND MESSAGES TO THE BRAIN .
ANOSMIA IS A LOSS OR REDUCED SENSE OF SMELL , WHILE BLINDNESS MOVEMENT WAS FIRST
DETECTED IN 1980 , WHEN A PATIENT CAME TO THE MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY
(GERMANY ) BECAUSE IT WAS UNABLE TO DETECT THE MOVEMENT OF OBJECTS AROUND YOU OR IN
YOUR OWN HANDS. THIS VISION CONDITION WAS CAUSED BY A STROKE THAT DAMAGED THE
SPECIFIC AREAS OF THE BRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR CARRYING OUT ITS FUNCTION .
FINALLY, AGEUSIA CAUSES A REDUCTION OR LOSS OF SENSE OF TASTE AND RILEY- DAY SYNDROME
INVOLVES THE ABSENCE OF PAIN SENSATION , ALTHOUGH THE SENSE OF TOUCH IS PRESERVED.
PEOPLE WITH THIS SYNDROME MAY SUFFER SEVERE INJURY , BURNS OR BROKEN MEMBERS ALMOST
WITHOUT REALIZING IT.
5. GENETIC EXPLANATION
• OBJECTS REFLECT LIGHT DIFFERENTLY DEPENDING ON THEIR PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS,
SUCH AS THEIR SHAPE OR COMPOSITION, AND WHEN THIS LIGHT IS ABSORBED BY PIGMENTS
CONTAINED IN THE CELLS OF THE RETINA CALLED RODS AND CONES VISUAL SENSATIONS ARE
INITIATED.
6. TREATMENT
• COLOR BLINDNESS CAN DETECT EVIDENCE OF CHROMATIC ABERRATION, BUT THE
COOPERATION OF THE CHILD IS REQUIRED, THESE USUALLY RESPOND NORMALLY FROM 3
YEARS OF AGE. THE MOST COMMON TEST FOR COLOR DEFICIENCY IS "ISHIHARA".
• COLOR BLINDNESS IS A LIFELONG CONDITION AND MOST PEOPLE CAN ADAPT WITHOUT
DIFFICULTY OR DISABILITY, BECAUSE IF THE CHILD DOES NOT KNOW COLORBLIND COLORS,
FEEL NO LACK. CURRENTLY THERE IS NO KNOWN TREATMENT FOR THIS CONDITION.
• IT IS IMPORTANT THAT PARENTS INFORM THEIR CHILDREN COLORBLIND TEACHERS AT THE
BEGINNING OF EACH SCHOOL YEAR AND THAT DIFFICULTIES CAN ARISE IN SCHOOL WITH
PICTURES, GRAPHS OR TABLES TO DO HARD TO FOLLOW
7. TYPES OF DALTONISM
ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF COLOR BLINDNESS, 99 % OF CASES ARE PROTANOPIA AND
DEUTERANOPIA OR THEIR EQUIVALENTS.
• ACHROMATIC
THE ACHROMATIC COLOR BLINDNESS IS ONE IN WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT HAVE ANY OF THE
THREE TYPES OF CONES OR THESE ARE NONFUNCTIONAL . A CASE OF ONLY 100,000 PEOPLE .
• MONOCHROME
IT OCCURS WHEN THERE IS ONLY ONE OF THE THREE CONE PIGMENTS AND VISION OF LIGHT AND
COLOR IS REDUCED TO ONE DIMENSION.
8. DICHROMATIC
THE DICROMATISMO IS A MODERATELY SERIOUS DEFECT IN WHICH LACK OR HAVE A
DYSFUNCTION OF ONE OF THREE BASIC MECHANISMS OF COLOR. IT IS HEREDITARY AND CAN BE
OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES: PROTANOPIA , DEUTERANOPIA AND TRITANOPIA .
ANOMALOUS TRICHROMATIC
THE AFFECTED HAS THE THREE TYPES OF CONES, BUT WITH FUNCTIONAL DEFECTS, WHICH
CONFUSES ONE COLOR WITH ANOTHER . IS THE MOST ABUNDANT AND COMMON -BLIND ,
THEY HAVE THREE TYPES OF CONES , BUT PERCEIVE SHADES OF ALTERED COLORS.
