4. GUIDE QUESTIONS
• How is regionalism different from and
yet a part of globalization ?
• What is the difference between state to
state regionalism and non state
regionalism ?
• What triggers various regionalist project
?
7. • North Atlantic treaty organization
• Soviet union
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Non-aligned movement
• ASEAN
• International monetary fund
9. “NEW REGIONALISM”
• Tiny associations
• Huge continental unions
Relies on the following:
• Power of individuals
• Non-governmental Organizations
(NGOs)
• Associations
10. • Organizations and governments initiate
social change by working together
participates in “institutional
mechanism that afford some civil
society groups voice and influence in
technocratic policy-making
processes”
11. Human Rights Declaration (2009)
- issued by ASEAN
- was used to pressure the governments
to pass laws and regulations that protect
and promote human rights
12. Human Rights Declaration (2009)
- issued by ASEAN
- was used to pressure the governments
to pass laws and regulations that protect
and promote human rights
13. Hemispheric Social Alliances
- supported by the left-wing governments
in South America
- opposes the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA)
14. Mesa de articulation de asociaciones nacionales y redes de ongs de America
Latina y el caribe
- Roundtable of National Associations and
Networks and NGOs in Latin America and
the Caribbean
- participates in “forums, summits, and
dialogues with presidents and ministers”
15. Citizen diplomacy forum
- influences the policies and programs of the
Organization of American States
ASEAN Parliamentarians for human rights
- “prevent discrimination, uphold political
freedom, and promote democracy and
human rights throughout the region”
16. Traditional State-to-State
Regionalism
New Regionalism
Period 1950’s and 1960’s After 1980
Nature Bipolar, Cold War driven Worldwide, Globalization driven
Focus Specific objectives, narrow focus Comprehensive, multifaceted
and multidimensional process
Structure Protectionist and state
intervention was there
Open market based, competitive
and democratic
Participation NO/limited role for non-state
actors like NGO’s, MNC’s
Interaction of both state and non-
state actors like multinational
corporations, non government
organizations and other interested
social group
17. Traditional State-to-State
Regionalism
New Regionalism
Process Often imposed, directly or
indirectly from above and outside,
very much in accordance with the
bipolar cold war power structure
Involves more spontaneous
processes that often emerge
from below and within the region
itself, and more in accordance
with its pcularities and problems
Examples NATO, Warsaw Pact, SEATO,
CENTO, the RIO Pact and
ANZUS etc.
ASEAN, UNASUR, APEC,
MERCOSUR, etc.
18. Flawed
Economic development plans that are market-bqsed, profit
driven, and hardly concern with social welfare, especially
among the poo
Another challenge fro regionalism is the discord that may
emerge among them
19. CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES TO REGIONALISM
•Resurgence of militant
nationalism and populism.
•Refusal to dismantle NATO after
the collapse of Soviet Union
20. • The most crisis-ridden regional organization
of today is the EUROPEAN UNION
• The financial crisis forced countries like
Greece and Italy to leave the union
• Brexit is the impending withdrawal of
United Kingdom from the European
Union
21. REASON
• Dysfunctional Economic entity
• Rise of nationalism across the world
• Political leadership of Britain faced a
profound loss
22. • The association’s link with the East Asia
has also been problematic.
China and Philippines
Cambodia and Laos
• “Participatory Regionalism”
23. DIFFERING VISIONS OF REGIONALISM
• WESTERN GOVERNMENT
An instrument of political democratization.
• NON-WESTERN GOVERNMENT
Singapore, China, and Russia see democracy as
an obstacle to the implementation and deepening
of economic globalization.
