Different renal complication and harbal remedy to treat the complications

1. Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’S
College of Pharmacy, Akluj
PAH, Solapur University, Solapur
Renal complications and their herbal remedy : a review
Guided by
mrs.reshma pawar
m.Pharm, PHARMACOLOGY
presented by
ayesha c shaikh
Final y.b.pharm

2. index
•Introduction
•Etiology
•Pathophysiology
•Type of kidney syone
•Symptoms
•Renal complications
•Herbs used in treatment and prevention of renal complications
•reference

3. introduction
Urinary system frequently suffers from different complications include kidney
stone, drug include nephrotoxicity, diabetic complications, renal failure and
renal hypertension etc. any abnormality of the flow of urine(a kidney
stone)sets the stage of complications
•Etiology
-the cause, set of causes, or manner of adisease or condition.
•Pathophysiology
-the disordered physiological process associated with disease or injury.
•Type of kidney stone
-calcium oxalate
-uric acid
-other
•Diagnosis
--x-ray
-computed tomography
•Renal complications

4. •Nephrolithiasis means kidney stone.
•A small hard,hard deposit that formsin the kidneys and often painful when
passed.
•KidneyAZ stone are hard deposite of minerals and acids salts that stick together
in concentrated urine.
•They can be painful when passing through the urinary track , but usually don’t
cause permanent damage.
•Solid Concretion oe calculi(crystal aggregations ) formed in the kidneys from
dissolved urinary minerals.
•Urolithiasis refer to the condition of having calculi in the urinary track, which
may from or pass into the urinary bladder.
•Ureterolithiasis is the condition of having a calculus in the urether , the tube
connecting the kidneys and the bladder.
•If stones grow to sufficient size of at least 2-3 millimeters they can cause
obstruction of the ureter.
1. Nephrolithiasis

5. 2. Hypercalciurea :-
• Hypercalciurea is defined as urinary calcium excreation of greater than 200mg daily.
Hypercalciurea is arguably the most important pathophysiology risk factor in calcium stone
formation.
• Hypercalciuria can be more precisely classified according to the site of primary matabolic
arangement:-
 A-Absorptive hypercalciurea
 (AH), characterised by intestinal hyperabsoption of calcium.
 B-Renal hypercalciuria (RH), resulting from impaired renal tubular calcium reabsorption.
 C.-Resorptive hypercalciuria, caused by bone demineralization.
 Hypercalciurea has a rich genetic predisposition.
Fig:1

6. 3.Hypocitraturia:-
• Hypocitraturia is defined as urinary citrate excretion of less than 320mg daily, although this
ia a somewhat arbitrary cut off, because the acid-base status of the patient strongly
determines total citrate excretion.
• Hypocitraturia is a well-knows risk factor for calcium nephroliasis, and been identified in
20% to 60% calcium stone formers.
4.Hyperoxaluria:-
• hyperoxaluria is defined as urinary oxalate excretion of greater than 40mg daily.
• hyperoxaluria is thought to increase the risk of stone formation by increasing urinary
saturation of calcium oxalate (CaOx).
•Type 1- primary hyperoxaluria is caused by a deficiency aminotransferase .
•Type 2- primary hyperoxaluria is caused by a defect in cytosolic glyoxalate reductase
or hydroxypruvate reductase.

9. Reference
 Park S, and Pearle MS. Pathophysiology and management of calciumstones.
Urologic Clinics of North America 2007; 34: 323-334.*Bashir and Gilani,
2009Bashir S, Gilani AH. Antiurolithic effect of Bergenia ligulata rhizome:An
explanation of the underlying mechanisms. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 122:
106²116
 Lakshminarasimhanet.al2002LakshminarasmhanV,MahimainathanL,PalaninathanV.
Evaluation of the effect of triterpenes on urinary risk factors of stone formation in
pyridoxine dHÀFLHQW KSeroxaluric rat. Phytother Res2002; 16: 514²518.
 Sangeeta et. al 1994 Sangeeta D, Sidhu H, Thind SK, Nath R, Effect of Tribulus
terrestris on oxalate metabolism in rats, J Ethnopharmacol 1994; 44: 61-66.
 Atmani et al,2004Atmani F, Slimani Y, Mimouni M, Aziza M, Hacht B, Ziyyat A.
Effectof aqueous extract from Herniaria hirsuta L. on experimentally
nephrolithiasic rats, J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 95: 87²93.

10.  Karadi et al., 2006 Karadi RV, Gadge NB, Alagawadi KR, Savadi RV. Effect of
Moringa oleifera Lam. Root wood on the ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis
inrats.JEthnopharmacol 2006; 105: 306-311.
 Laroubi et al.,2007Laroubi A, Touhami M, Farouk L, Zrara I. Prophylaxis effect of
Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds on renal stone formation in rats.Phytother Res 2007;
21: 921²925.
 Selvam et al.,2001Selvam P, Kalaiselvi P, Govindaraj A, Murugan VB, Sathishkumar
AS.Effect of A. lanata leaf extract and vediuppu chunnam on the urinaryrisk factors of
calcium oxalate urolithiasis during experimental hyperoxaluria. Pharmacol Res 2001;
43:8993.
 Bahuguna et al., 2009Bahuguna Y, Rawat MM, Juyal V, Gupta V. Antilithiatic effect
offlowers of Jasminum Auriculatum Vahl. Int J Green Pharm 2009; 3:155-8.
 Joy and Nair, 2008Joy J, Nair K. Amelioration of cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in
swiss albino mice by Rubia cordifolia extract. J Cancer Res Ther 2008 4(3): 111- 116.

11.  Shirwaikar et al. 2004Shirwaikar A, Issac D, Malini S. Effect of Aerva lanata on
cisplatinand gentamicin models of acute renal failure. J Ethnopharmacol2004;
90: 81²86.
 Nitha and Janardhanan,2008 Nitha B, Janardhanan KK. Aqueous-ethanolic
extract of morel mushroom mycelium Morchella esculenta, protects cisplatin
and gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice.Food and ChemicalToxicology
2008; 46: 3193²3199.2·'ZHU 3-, 6WHYHQV
 Annie S, RajagopaPL, Malini S. Effect of Cassia auriculata Linn. Rootextract on
cisplatinand gentamicin-induced renal injury.Phytomedicine 2005; 12:555²60
 Phillips OA et al., Antihypertensive and vasodilator effects ofmethanolic and
aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris in rats, JEthnopharmacol 2006; 104:
351²355.
 Guerrero MF et al., Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects ofaqueous
extract from Croton schiedeanus Schlecht in rats.J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 75:
33²36.

12.  Juvekar AR et al., Antihypertensive effect of aqueous extract of Elaeocarpus
ganitrus Roxb. seeds in renal artery occluded hypertensive rats. Int. J. PharmTech
Res 2009; 1(3): 779-82.
 Ofem OE, Eno AE, Imoru J, Nkanu E. effect of aqueous crude leaf extract of
viscus album (mistletoe) in hypertensive rats.Indian pharmacol 2007;