printing presentation

1. ADE401 -
BASIC PRINTING PROCESSES
WALLPAPER
printing
5
GROUP
Presentation by :1. NURIN AISHAH BINTI MAZALAN
2. ISMAIZATUL AMIRAH BINTI ISMAIL
3. NUR ADILAH BINTI OTHMAN
4. NUR DINI AISYAH BINTI MOHD FAUZI
5. SITI NURAINA BINTI MOHAMMAD ROSMI
Presentation for :SIR MAHADZIR BIN MOHAMAD

2. What is
wallpaper?
 A material used in interior decoration to decorate the interior walls of
domestic and public buildings.
 It is usually sold in rolls and is applied onto a wall using wallpaper paste.
 Can come plain as "lining paper" (so that it can be painted or used to help
cover uneven surfaces and minor wall defects thus giving a better surface),
 Have textured (such as anaglypta), with a regular repeating pattern design
 Much less commonly today, with a single non-repeating large design carried
over a set of sheets.
 Wallpaper is made in long rolls which are hung vertically on a wall. Patterned
wallpapers are designed so that the pattern "repeats",
 Thus pieces cut from the same roll can be hung next to each other so as to
continue the pattern without it being easy to see where the join between
two pieces occurs.
Lining paper
anaglypta

3. BACKGROUND
Residential-use
wallpapers
made from various materials
can be purchased prepasted
There are no mandated
serviceability tests
Commercial-grade
wallpapers
weight,
backing composition
backing composition
 A nonwoven (paper) or woven (fabric) backing, decoratively printed for application
to walls of a residence or business.
 It is not considered essential to the decoration of a structure; however, it has become
a
primary method by which to impart style, atmosphere, or color into a room
 The wallpaper industry divides the manufacture of wallpaper into those used in
residences and those hung in businesses or other public buildings
 There are four popular methods used to print wallpapers, and designers choose the
printing technique based on cost as well as aesthetics.
 Two categories of paper difference in weight, serviceability, and quality standards
NONWOVEN
(PAPER)
woven (fabric)

4. Material
Vinyl
Popular that consists of
a backing layer, a paper
layer, and a plastic
coating on the top.
• washable, will stand
up to light without
fading, and is fairly
inexpensive and easy
to hang.
• Problems -not allow
your walls to breathe.
-Older vinyl
wallpaper tests to
release toxic fumes into
the home and needs
to be replaced every
decade
Paper
Replaced by vinyl wallpaper
because vinyl is so much
more durable and easy to
install. There are some
people who still love the look
on the market of paper
wallpaper and so it is still
Grass Cloth
The way to add texture to your
walls without having to worry
about using mud or other
three-dimensional products on
your wall. Very attractive, will
last for a long period of time,
and can often be painted. It
makes it incredibly easy to
change up the look in your
room without a lot of effort.
Fabric Made from textiles, fabric
wallpaper is sometimes
laminated onto regular
wallpaper. This is a very difficult
wallpaper to work with, as it’s
important to stretch it, but not
so hard that the fabric warts.
Easy to prevent stains from
occurring on fabric wallpaper or
to keep it clean.
Wood
Bring the natural environment into home,
without a huge commitment, consider
wallpaper that is made from wood veneer,
which is relatively rare and not so common
will find it in many homes. However, when
do opt for this type of wallpaper, rest easy
knowing that your home will look amazing
and that you can enjoy natural beauty
without having to be outside. This is great if
suffer from allergies, simply love the look of
wood on walls.
Flock
To add decorative highlights to home or to a
specific room is by using flocked wallpaper.
Has a raised velvet pattern on it that is soft to
the touch. It’s important that when you are
going to install flocked wallpaper in home that
take the time to vacuum any loose flock
particles from the wallpaper so that they will
not prevent you from a smooth and even finish

5. TIMELINE WALLPAPER
PRINTING
1878 –
Invention
of photogravure

6. FLEXOGRAPHIC
ROTARY SCREEN
SURFACE PRINT
PAN (TROUGH) PRINTING
FLAT-BED SCREEN (LONG TABLE)
GRAVURE
BLOCK PRINTING
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

7. FLEXOGRAPHIC
• "Flexo" is an updated version of surface printing. This printing process was
developed in England around 1900 and uses rubber cylinders or rollers.
• There is an engraved roller with a raised image to transfer inks to paper. Unlike
surface printing, where the engraved roller is composed of a very hard
material, flexographic printing uses a flexible material, like a rubber stamp.
• This allows the use of less ink and provides a more exact image. The least
distinctive of any of the print methods, flexo is able to approximate the look of
surface, gravure or screen depending on the particular design. Flexo printing
usually prints seven or eight colors; though, some machines may go as high as
12.
• Flexo printing is such a versatileprint process that, along with the wallpaper
industry, it is used extensively in the packaging industry, for printing such
things as plastic bags, crisps packets, cardboard boxes, etc.

8. 1. Close up of Flexo cylinder
showing ‘raised’ print motif.
2. The flexo print machine
showing the
ink transfer from the ink tray
via an anilux roller onto the
print cylinders.

9. ROTARY SCREEN
• A typical rotary screen print machine would have an in-line configuration
with upwards of seven or eight print stations available, each printing one
colour.
• The cylindrical printing screen itself is a very fine ‘honey combed’ type
mesh.
• The screen is produced by photochemical means, in that a photopolymer
coating is applied to the surface of the screen before photographic
exposure causes it to harden on the mesh.
• Therefore to create the design it is just a question of ‘masking off’ the
mesh with a stencil in the desired shape.
• The areas of the mesh that have been hardened will not allow ink through.
Therefore as the ink is squeezed, under pressure from the inside of the
cylindrical mesh, by way of a rubber squeegee.

10. 1. The hollow screens, each
applying the appropriate motif, are
arranged sequentially as in roller
printing
2. Rotary-screen printing machine
requires a lower pressure between
roller and fabric than is used with
engraved rollers

11. SURFACE PRINTING
TECHNIQUES ( WALLPAPER)
• The ink transfers to the engraved roller which lays down
the ink onto the paper creating the design.
• The surface underneath the paper is soft, this is what
gives the beautiful print mark and unpredictability of how
the inks will transfer, part of the charm of the technique
and becoming an integral part of the design.
• There is no drying time in-between rollers pressing down
onto the paper, this means that sometimes where inks
meet there can be a slight bleed, adding to the
appearance of a handcrafted product.

12. THE PROCESS OF SURFACE
PRINTING ( WALLPAPER)
 The printing process involves cylinders (frequently
called rollers) engraved with a design (usually 27”
wide and around 20” high).
 The printing process involves using a wool blanket,
saturated with ink, which then transfers it’s color onto
the roller, and from the roller, onto the paper.
 Surface printing machines were often designed to
print up to 20 colors, but today, most manufacturers
will only print up to twelve.

13. 1. A twenty colour wallpaper
(Surface)
printing machine c1870
2. Typical 12 colour Surface print
machine
3. Close up of Surface print
cylinde
PROCESS
OF
SURFACE
PRINTING

14. PAN(TROUGH)PRINTING
• To create a wide stripe an elongated channel would be cut.
Alternatively, it could just be a single thin long cut across the full
width of the trough
• Thus allowing a complete and even coverage of the paper with
ink, for use as a background color.
• The paper is drawn through at a controlled speed, ensuring an
even and consistent distribution of ink.
• If only a small amount of ink was required then the width of the
groove would be cut very thinly
• Thus restricting how much can get through. For a richer, deeper
colour, the groove would be cut much wider, thus ‘dumping’
more ink onto the paper.

15. 1. Paper festoon hung
to dry
2. Troughs in storage
PROCESS OF
PAN PRINTING

16. FLAT-BED SCREEN (LONG TABLE)
• The screen is a rectangular frame with a fine polyester nylon wovenmesh
stretched across it.
• To create the design it is first necessary to completely coat the screen
with a photosensitive polymer, the stencil of the design is then placed flat
into the mesh before the screen is ‘photo-exposed’ under special lighting.
• To print the screen is placed face down onto a long flat table that has a
length of wallpaper laid tight against it from one end to the other. A
typical table would be 2 metre in width and 31 metre in length.

17. 1. Typical double screen
2. The print tables at Anstey are
30m long so
3 standard rolls can be printed at
a time
3. Ink being drawn across the
mesh
using a squeegee
PROCESS OF FLAT
BED SCREEN

18. GRAVURE PRINTING
• Once engraved the cylinder is electroplated with a thin layer of
chrome to create a hard wearing coating for durability.
• This is necessary as copper is very soft and if it was not protected in
some way it would be very easily damage during the printing process.
• The major benefit of gravure printing is the ability to print fine tonal
work and gradation of colour using a single cylinder.
• This gradation of colour, governed by the depth and width of each
individual cell, can be from a solid colour through to anything as
subtle as a 20% tint.
• Combine this with the fact that a typical Gravure machine may have 8
or more cylinder stations, it is easy to appreciate that the perceived
amount of colour achievable is extensive.

19. 1. The gravure printing
machine.
2. An individual print unit on
the gravure machine.
PROCESS OF
GRAVURE PRINTING

20. BLOCK PRINTING
• This printing method is the forerunner of surface printing.
• Block printing involves the carving of a wood print block (usually one for each color)
and pressing it sequentially along the length of the paper.
• These wood blocks are traditionally made of pear wood printing surface with pine
backing.
• This technique is obviously time consuming and very labor intensive, as the coloring
and print alignment is done by hand. Once the final printing has
been accomplished, hand painted touch-ups are then performed.
• The look of block printed wallpapers, peculiar to itself, is not necessarily created by the
materials used to make the block, but from the ‘splodge’ created by the vacuum
as the printing block is pulled away from the paper.

21. 1 Wooden blocks each with a unique
reference
number on showing the design and the
pitch number.
2 Printing in progress - the block being
maneuvered into place using the crane.
3 Ink preparation - the wall-sided tray with
the
absorbent blanket saturated in pigment.
4 An example of an inked wooden block
PROCESS OF
BLOCK PRINTING

22. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION