Types of motherboard

1. Motherboard &
System Software

2.  This lesson will show you how
motherboards work, how to identify various
kinds of motherboards, the importance of
chipsets, and how to install and
troubleshoot motherboards. By the end of
this lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
 Explain how motherboards work
 Identify the types of motherboards Upgrade
and install motherboards
 Troubleshoot motherboard problems

3. Motherboard and It’s Classification
What is Motherboard?
 Motherboard is the main component of the CPU
 Backbone of the Computer
Functions of Motherboard
 It integrates all Hardware components into one system
 Allows all parts of your computer to receive power and
communicate with one another.

4. Computing Systems Week 2 -
Hardware 4
CPU Socket
USB
Audio
Keyboard &
Mouse
(PS/2)
Expansion
Slots (PCI
or PCI
Express)
Expansion
Slot (AGP or
PCI Express)
Disk drive
connectors
Power
supply
connector
RAM slots
Serial Port
Parallel
Port

5. Motherboard and It’s Classification
 Speed
 Upgrade Capabilities
 Size and shape
Specifications

6. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Processor
socket
Memory
slot
PCI slots
ATX Power
connector
PCIe slot
SATA
connector
PATA/IDE
connector
Components of Motherboard

7. Motherboard and It’s Classification
CMOS
Battery
ISA
Slot
AGP
Slot
Components of Motherboard

8. Motherboard and It’s Classification
I/O Ports
PS/2
Port
VGA
Port
Serial
Port
Audio
Port
Parallel
Port
USB
Port
Ethernet
Port
I/O Ports

9. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Classification of Motherboard
Integrated Motherboard Non-Integrated Motherboard

10. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Integrated Motherboard
 Components are in built in the
motherboard.
 Designed for simplicity.
Draw backs
 When one component in the
board is broken or stops
working you have to replace
the whole board
 Cheaper to produce but more
expensive to repair.

11. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Non-Integrated Motherboard
 The major assemblies like Video
circuitry, disk controllers, and
accessories are installed on the
Computer as expansion cards.
 Can easily Identify the Non-integrated
motherboards by their expansion slots usually
occupied by one of the components.
Expansion card

12.  A. Three primary characteristics
 1. Form factor determines size of the
motherboard and general location of the
parts.
 2. Chipset defines the type of processor
and RAM supported.
 3. Built-in components determine
functionality and expandability of the
system.
 B. The motherboard contains traces or
wires through which the data and
commands flow. Motherboards typically
have traces on multiple layers of the
board.

13. PC's Hypothalamus
CPU’s brain

14.  When you first turn on your PC
◦ Your PC requires information
 to detect PC components
 To find the operating system(floppy disk, hard drive,
or a CD-ROM)
◦ This information is stored in the BIOS

16.  When a computer is turned on, the microprocessor has no
idea what to do next as there is nothing at all in the
memory to execute, it tries to execute its first instruction
and it has to get the instruction from somewhere.
 BIOS provides those instructions and it is stored in a BIOS
ROM.
 The instruction typically located at memory location FFFF0h,
or right at the end of the system memory
 This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is
short for bootstrapping
 The whole process is hidden because the only thing
displayed by the monitor is the logo of the machine
manufacturer or the logo of the bios company.

17. Power-on Self Test ( POST ) - Takes place right after you
power on. It will test computer hardware, ensuring
hardware is properly functioning before starting
process of loading operating system. If the POST is
successful, the BIOS calls INT 19 (Interrupt 19) and
then proceeds to look for devices attached to the
motherboard.
Bootstrap Loader - Process of locating the operating
system. If capable operating system located, BIOS will
pass the control to it.

18. 1. Tests the system and prepares the computer for
operation based on CMOS settings (installed hardware
and the configuration settings from the manufacturer
and user)
2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
Interrupt handlers - Small pieces of software that act as a
translator between the hardware components and the operating
system.
Device drivers – other pieces of software that identify the base
hardware components such as keyboard, mouse, hard drive or
floppy drive.
3. Initialize registers and power management

19. Configuring BIOS - CMOS Setup
 During the initial start up or the boot sequence, you
will notice a sentence
Press ____ to Enter Setup. Most system use Esc, Del,
F1, F2 or combination of keys to enter Setup menu.
 This will cause the boot process to be diverted into
the CMOS configuration. CMOS contains stored
configuration regarding how the system is to be
booted.

20.  It is configuration program that allows you to
configure hardware settings including system
settings such as boot sequence, computer
passwords, time and date.

22. AN EXAMPLE OF A CMOS SETUP

25.  Every desktop computer
uses an operating system.
 The operating system
forms a platform for other
system software and
application software
 The most popular
operating systems in use
today are:
 Windows from Microsoft
 Mac OS from Apple
 UNIX / LINUX

26. There are three basic elements that make up
the major design components of any operating
system:
 User interface
 Kernel
 File management system