students lecture

2.  Ging.
 P.L.
 Alveolar Bone
 Cementum

4.  “ a numerical value describing the relative status
of a population on a graduated scale with
definite upper and lower limits, which is
designed to permit and facilitate comparison
with other populations classified by the same
criteria and method”.

5.  P.M.A.
 GI
 PI
 OHI, OHI-S
 CPITN

6.  P.M.A. INDEX (Papillay, Marginal, Attached)

7.  First numerical index
 Name: ging. Inflam. :
interdent pap. (P) Marg. ging. (M0
Attach. Ging (A)

8.  Mild: 1-4 P, 0-2 M
 Moderate: 4-8 P, 2-4 M
 Severe:>8 P, >4 M or A

9.  Total no. counted
 Group: sum of ging. Units/ no. of ind.

10.  The Gingival Index (GI)
 Was developed by Loe and Silness to describe
the clinical severity of gingival inflammation as
well as its location.
 Score 0-3

11.  0: Absent
 1: mild inflam, slight red., slight oedema, probing
No bleed.
 2: Mod inflam, odema, red, bleed.
 3: Severe inflan

12.  Teeth examined:
 It’s a partial recording system, six teeth are
selected for examination.
6 2 4
4 2 6

13.  Index of a tooth =MDBL surfaces /4
 Index of the teeth= sum of ind tooth score/6

14.  PERIODONTAL INDEX ( PI)
 Introduced by Russel A.L. 1956
 Purpose
To assess and score the periodontal disease status
of populations.

15.  0: negative
 1: mild
 2: gingivitis
 6: gingivitis with pocket formation
 8: advanced destruction with loss of function

16.  Total record sys
 Ind.= Sum of teeth/no.
 Group= Sum of ind/no.

17.  7 1 4
4 1 7

18.  Oral hygiene indices
 Purpose:
To assess the extent of plaque and debris over a
tooth surface .

19. Oral Hygiene Index -
(Greene and Vermillion, 1960)

20.  Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)
 Purpose:
 To assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth
surface covered with debris or calculus.

21.  Comparison with OHI:
 Tooth selection: in the OHI the examiner has to
select the tooth with the most debris or calculus
in each sextant. The OHI-S assesses 6 specific
teeth, 1 each sextant.
 Number of surfaces: in the OHI, 12 surfaces are
evaluated; only 6 surfaces are used in the OHI-S.
 Scoring: the OHI ranges from 0 to 12: the OHI-S
ranges from 0 to 6.

22.  Criteria for classifying debris

24.  DI= sum of DI of 12 teeth/12
 CI = sum of CI of 12 teeth/12
 OHI= DI+CI
OHI-S

25.  THE COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX OF
TREATMENT NEEDS ( CPITN)
 It’s a procedure which uses clinical parameters
and criteria relevant to planning for the
prevention and control of periodontal diseases.

27.  Children and adolescents (7 to 19 years of age)

28.  Code 0: healthy
 Code 1: Bleed---- gentle prob.
 Code 2: Supra/Subging. Calculus
 Code 3: Pocket 4-5mm
 Code 4: > 6mm
 Code x: abscent or only one tooth in a sexant

29.  Classification of Treatment Needs
 TN-0 No treatment
 TN-1 Improvement of personal oral hygiene..
 TN-2 Professional scaling and removal of
plaque
 TN-3 Complex treatment which can involve
deep scaling, root planning and complex
procedures.

31.  Host
 Agent
 Environment

32.  Age: mixed dent
 Sex: Developed/ developing
 OH:
 Socioeconomic:
 Smoking:
 Systemic dis: Diabetes
 Nutrition : Vit.
 Occ . Abnormalities: crowd., prot .
 Race

33.  Dent Plaque
 Bacteria

34.  Geog. Distr.
 F conc.
 Oral environment: Prosth. and DC