CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.pptx

1. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
PRESENTED BY :
MRS.RAMYA.V
TUTOR.

2. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

3. INTRODUCTION
 Coronary artery disease is also known as
ischaemic heart disease.
 It is the impairment of heart function due to
inadequate blood supply to heart muscles for its
functioning which is caused by blockage or
narrowing of coronary artery.
 It is a world wide disease.

4. PREVALENCE
 The highest coronary mortality is seen in North Europe
and in English speaking countries such as Ireland,
Scotland etc.
 In India also, a large data is available on the existence of
coronary heart disease.
 It is reported that the CHD attains its peak period
between 51 and 60 years because of slow incubation
period.

5. incubation period
The incubation period,
which is 10 years or more.
The males are seen to be
affected more than females.

6. Risk Factors
 The risk factors associated with coronary artery disease
are
 Age,
 Sex,
 Family history,
 Genetic factors,
 Cigarette smoking,

7. Risk Factors
High blood pressure,
Elevated serum cholesterol,
Diabetes,
Obesity,
Stress and
 Sedentary habits.

8. Non modifiable factors
Age
Sex
Family History
 Genetic factors.

9. modifiable factors
 Cigarette smoking
 High blood pressure
 Elevated cholesterol
 Obesity
 Diabetes
 Stress
 Alcohol intake

10. Cigarette smoking
The degree of risk of developing CHD
is directly related to the number of
cigarette s smoked per day.
This risk decreases with cessation of
smoking.

11. High blood pressure
Hypertension increases the risk of
developing atherosclerotic process
in the presence of hyperlipidemia.
This increases the risk of
developing coronary heart disease

12. Elevated serum cholesterol
The chances of coronary artery disease
increases with increase in serum cholestrol
concentration.
 Low density lipoproteins are associated
with premature atherosclerosis, while high
density lipoproteins is protective against the
development of coronary heart disease.

13. Obesity
The risk for developing coronary artery
disease is more in obese because of
increased intake of fat.
The obesity also leads to development
of diabetes and hypertension which are
risk factors for coronary artery disease

14. Diabetes
The risk of coronary heart
disease is two to three times
higher than in non-diabetics and
CHD is responsible for deaths in
diabetes.

15. Stress
Stress increases the chances of
coronary heart disease because of
alteration in adrenal corticotropic
hormones and aldosterone causes
hypertension, thereby causing
CHD.

16. Alcohol intake
High alcohol intake per day is
an independent risk factor for
CHD,
Hypertension and
Other cardiovascular diseases.

17. Other factors
Other factors which can produce
coronary heart disease are
hormones, physical inactivity,
Oral contraceptives.

18. Prevention and Control
 Early diagnosis and Treatment :-
 The cases of coronary artery disease can be identified by
the presence of underlying cause such as hypertension,
diabetes and obesity.
 The individuals can be identified who are at high risk.
 This is possible by means of checking the weight, blood
pressure, serum cholestrol & behaviour related to
alcohol intake, physical activity & smoking etc.

19. Prevention and Control
 The people who have hypertension in their family and
the women who are taking contraceptives also
considered to be at risk for developing coronary artery
disease.
 The individuals, who are having coronary artery disease
or at risk, should be identified and treated in time either
by medication, surgery (PTCA & CABG) or modifying
behaviour in relation to nutrition, exercise promotion
and life style changes.

20. Dietary Modification
 Dietary changes such as decreased intake of fat,
a reduction in cholestrol can reduce the chances
of occurrence of coronary heart disease.
 The WHO expert committee has recommended
the following dietary changes :
 Limited consumption of saturated fats,
 Reduction of dietary cholestrol.

21. Dietary Modification
Reduction in fat intake 20-30 percent of
total energy intake.
 Avoidance of alcohol.
Reduction of salt intake to 5 gm daily or
less.
An increase in complex carbohydrates

22. Physical activity & exercise promotion
The people should be encouraged to do
physical activity daily as a part of their normal
daily life.
Physical activity improves circulation, thereby
decreases the chances of coronary artery
diseases.
Reduction in salt intake

23. Regular check up & follow up for high blood
pressure
 The individuals, who are suffering or at risk, should get
their blood pressure checked.
 In case of high blood pressure, all the measures should
be adopted by individual to maintain blood pressure.
 It has been estimated that a small reduction by a mere 2
or 3 mmHg produces a large reduction in the incidence
of cardio vascular problems.

24. Regular check up & follow up for high blood
pressure
 For maintaining blood pressure,
multifactorial approach is used which
includes :-
 Reduction in salt intake.
Reduction in weight.
Regular physical activity.

25. Health education
The general public should be taught about
the risk factors associated with coronary
heart disease and the complications which
can be there due to CHD.
 The public should be made aware about the
preventive aspects as well as how to control
the occurrence of CHD.

26. Health education
According to WHO, following are the
strategies recommended to prevent CHD.
 1)Population strategy
2) High risk strategy Sing
3) Secondary prevention.

27. Population strategy
The strategy is based on mass approach
mainly focussing on the control of
underlying causes in the whole
population.
This includes the alteration in life style
associated with CHD.

28. Population strategy
 For this, recommended strategies are
 Specific intervention –
 It includes the intervention in specific areas such as :
 Dietary changes
 Smoking prohibition or making the area smoke free.
 Blood pressure maintenance.
 Regular physical activity appeared.

29. Premordial prevention
 It involves to preserve the eating pattern & life
styles associated with low levels of CHD.
 Premordial prevention includes all the
preventive measures adopted to prevent the
emergence and spread of CHD risk factors & life
styles that have not yet appeared.

30. High risk strategy
 High risk strategy involves identifying the high risk individuals
 Smoke,
 A history of CHD,
 Diabetes,
 Obesity,
 Oral contraceptives etc.
 And providing the specific advice to take positive action against
all the identified risk factors.

31. Secondary prevention
The aim of secondary prevention is to
prevent the recurrence and progression of
CHD.
 The disease can be controlled by early
diagnosis & by making use of drugs .
Surgery is advised, if required.

32. REFERENCES
 Neelam Kumari A Textbook of Community Health
Nursing - I ,2011 Edition , Published by Pee Vee
( Regd .), Page reffered to 584- 586.
 https://www.slideshare.net/AbhayRajpoot3/coronary-
artery-disease-134834970
 https://www.slideshare.net/krishnameera999/coronary-
heart-diseases-ppt
 https://www.slideshare.net/MonikaSyal/cad-171117721