3. INTRODUCTION
Chronic diseases such as cancer as well as other
non-communicable diseases are fact replacing
communicable diseases.
The burden of cancer is increasing world wide.
It is seen that 80-90% of human cancers are
attributable to environmental and life style factors
such as tobacco, alcohol & dietary habits.
4. INTRODUCTION
In the year 2000, 10 million new cases of cancer
occurred and over 6 million people died from
cancers.
Out of 10 million, 5.3 million were men & 4.7
million were women.
The absolute number of new cases of cancer is on
rise due to increased size of population and
increase in proportion of elderly persons.
5. incidence
From the population based registries, in India, 28-30 million
population from different parts of the country, the age adjusted
incidence varies from 44 to 122 per 100,000 population in males and
52 to 128 per 100,000 females.
Cancer incidence was higher in females as compared to males & in
rural it was low as compared to urban.
It is estimated that every year, one million new cases are detected.
It is under-reported due to poor recording of cause of death.
6. CANCER
In India, among males,
the cancer of mouth/oropharynx, oesophagus, stomach and
lower respiratory tract such as trachea/bronchus/lungs is
common while in females, the cancer of cervix, breast,
mouth & oesophagus are most frequent.
The studies have shown close relationship between the
cancer of cervix in women with poor genital hygiene,
early cosummation of marriage, multiple partners &
multiple pregnancies.
7. BREAST CANCER
The breast cancer is associated with late marriage,
birth of 1 child at a later age, fewer children,
shorter period of breast feeding.
These practices are present among urban women.
So breast cancer is more in urban women as
compared to rural.
8. Causes of cancer
Smoking
Chewing of Tobacco
Alcohol intake
Diet - such as high fat intake
Radiations
9. Causes of cancer
Exposure to chemicals such as benzene,
arsenic, asbestos, vinyl chloride.
Hepatitis A &C virus - hepatocellular
carcinoma
Air, water pollution & pesticides.
Genetic factors.
10. Prevention and Control
Identification of persons having danger signs of cancer :
The individuals having any of the following danger,
signifies cancer.
These are :
A change in a wart of mole
A lump or hard area in the breast
A persistent cough or hoarseness.
11. Prevention and Control
A persistent change in digestive & bowel habits.
Blood loss from any natural orifice of body.
Excessive loss of blood at monthly period or loss
of blood outside the usual dates.
A sore or swelling that does not heal.
Unexplained weight loss.
12. Prompt treatment
Early detection & prompt treatment of warts, adenoma etc.
are required to prevent further complications.
Avoid intake of tobacco and alcohol.
Maintain personal hygiene especially to prevent cervical
cancer.
Avoid exposure to radiations & industrial carcinogens.
Control air pollution.
13. Prompt treatment
Legislation to control the use of tobacco, alcohol
and pollution of air.
Health education on preventive aspects,
identification of risk factors & about the control.
Surveying to know the number of cases of cancer.
Evaluation & monitoring.
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Neelam Kumari A Textbook of Community Health
Nursing - I ,2011 Edition , Published by Pee Vee
( Regd .), Page reffered to 586- 587.
https://www.slideshare.net/sriloy/cancerppt-14574316
https://www.slideshare.net/harshrastogi1/cancer-in-
community-health-nursing-ppt
https://www.slideshare.net/NAMDEOSHINDE15/cancer-
ppt
