Personality and Values

1. Personality and Values
NAJAM
RAINA

2. Personality is what makes you
different from everyone else. It's
what makes you, you. It's the
combination of how you think, how
you feel, and how you act in different
situations. For example, if you're
friendly, outgoing, and often like to
make people laugh, that's part of
your personality. If you're more
quiet, serious, and prefer reading
alone, that's also part of your
personality.

3. Personality Types
1. Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I):This is about how
people feel energized and where they like to direct
their energy. It's like asking if someone is more of an
"outgoing" person or a "reserved" person.
• Extrovert (E): These are the outgoing folks. They feel
energized when they're around other people and like to
direct their energy outward. They enjoy socializing,
being in groups, and often find that talking to others
recharges them.
• Introvert (I): These are the more reserved folks. They
feel energized when they have time to themselves or in
smaller, quieter settings. They like to direct their energy
inward, often needing alone time to recharge.

4. 2. Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F):Making decisions is
something we all do every day, and people have
different ways they like to go about it
• Thinking (T): Some people prefer to make decisions
using their logical and objective thinking. They rely
on facts, data, and analysis to make choices. For
example, if they're buying a new car, they might
research different models, compare prices, and read
reviews to make an informed decision based on
what makes the most sense logically.
• Feeling (F): Others like to make decisions based on
their emotions and personal values. They consider
how their choices will affect people's feelings and
relationships. For instance, when deciding on a
family vacation destination, they might think about
what would make everyone in the family happy and
consider the emotional impact of the choice.

5. 3. Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N):Imagine people have
different ways they like to learn about things or gather
information. It's a bit like how some people like to read
books to learn, while others prefer to watch videos or
ask questions.
• Sensing (S): These are the practical folks. They like
concrete facts and details. They prefer to learn by using
their five senses - what they can see, hear, touch, taste,
or smell. For example, if they're learning about a new
city, they might want to see maps, hear about specific
places to visit, or even taste the local food.
• Intuition (N): These are the big picture thinkers. They
like to look at the broader concepts and possibilities.
They're more interested in the "why" and "what if"
questions. For example, if they're learning about a new
city, they might want to know about the city's history,
culture, and how it might change in the future.

6. 4. Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P): This dichotomy relates
to how people organize their lives and handle tasks.
• Judging (J): These are the more organized and
structured folks. They prefer a planned and orderly
way of living. They like to have a schedule, make to-
do lists, and stick to routines. For example, they
might plan out their week in advance, set specific
goals, and follow a daily routine to stay on track.
• Perceiving (P): These are the more flexible and
spontaneous folks. They like to go with the flow and
adapt to whatever comes their way. They might
enjoy exploring new opportunities and not be too
strict with schedules..

7. Dark Personality Traits
Dark personality traits refer to a set of
negative and harmful qualities that some
people may have.
Machiavellianism Narcissism
Psychopathy

8. Machiavellianism
• It is the degree to which an individual is
pragmatic, mantain emotional distance and
believes that end can justify means.
• Someone who is Machiavellian is highly
manipulative and willing to deceive or
manipulate others for personal gain. They
might lie, cheat, or exploit people to achieve
their goals. For instance, they could pretend to
be someone's friend just to use them for their
own purposes.

9. Narcissism
• It include the people who like to be the
center of attention and believes they are
more important than others.
• It has been named after a Greek Myth
related to Narcissus a youth so proud that
he fell in love with his own image.
• For example, they might constantly talk
about themselves and belittle others'
achievements.

10. Psychopathy
• It includes the tendency for a lack of
concern for others and lack of guilt or
remorse when action cause harm.
• In ob it does not connote clinical mental
illness.

11. What is self-esteem and how to
cultivate it
• Self-esteem is how you see and feel about
yourself; it's your overall self-worth and
self-respect. When you have high self-
esteem, you feel good about who you are,
believe in your abilities, and think positively
about your value as a person. On the other
hand, low self-esteem means you doubt
yourself, feel inadequate, and might be
overly critical of yourself.

12. Here's a simple way to cultivate self-
esteem with an example:
1. Practice self-acceptance: Accept yourself for who you
are, including your flaws and imperfections. Imagine
you're like a puzzle, and each piece, even the ones with
imperfections, is important in making the complete
picture. When you accept your flaws and quirks, it's
easier to feel good about yourself.
2. Set achievable goals: Choose realistic goals for
yourself, and as you achieve them, you'll gain
confidence. For example, if you want to become a better
student, set a goal to study for a specific amount of time
each day. When you meet this goal, you'll feel a sense of
accomplishment and boost your self-esteem.

13. 3. Positive self-talk: Pay attention to how you talk to
yourself in your mind. Instead of saying, "I'm not
good at anything," tell yourself, "I have strengths
and abilities, and I'm working on improving." This
positive self-talk can boost your self-esteem over
time.
4. Surround yourself with supportive people: Spend
time with friends and family who encourage and
uplift you. When others show you love and
appreciation, it can help you feel better about
yourself.
5. Avoid comparing yourself to others: Remember
that everyone is unique, and comparing yourself to
others often leads to negative feelings. Instead,
focus on your own progress and growth.

14. What is Holland Typology and its
role in OB
• The Holland Typology, also known as the Holland
Codes or the RIASEC model, is a framework used in
the field of Organizational Behavior (OB) to
understand people's career preferences and job
satisfaction based on their personality traits and
interests. It was developed by psychologist John
Holland and categorizes individuals into six main
personality types, each associated with specific job
environments. The six types are:
• Realistic (R): People who are practical, hands-on,
and enjoy working with tools and machines. They
prefer jobs like mechanics, carpenters, or farmers.

15. • Investigative (I):These are people who like to
figure things out, ask questions, and enjoy
solving problems and doing research. They
might do well in jobs like scientists,
researchers, or analysts.
• Artistic (A): Individuals who are creative,
imaginative, and prefer jobs that allow self-
expression. Examples include artists, writers, or
musicians.
• Social (S): People who are empathetic, enjoy
helping others, and like working in roles that
involve interaction. They might excel in careers
like teaching, counseling, or healthcare.

16. • Enterprising (E):These are people who are
good at convincing others, have big goals, and
like being in charge. They might choose jobs
where they sell things, lead teams, or start
their own businesses.
• Conventional(C):Conventional (C): These are
people who like to be very organized, pay close
attention to details, and enjoy tasks that are
well-structured and follow a clear system. They
might really like jobs where they work with
numbers, like accounting, or jobs that involve
keeping records and information in order, like
data entry or administrative work..

17. Holland Typology role in OB
• Holland's Typology in Organizational Behavior
(OB) is a way to help understand and match
people's personalities with the right jobs.
• Imagine there are different types of jobs, and
each job suits a certain kind of person. Like
how some people are good at talking to others
and selling things (like in sales), while others
are good at solving problems and doing
research (like in science or research jobs).