1. WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES
FOR SUSTAINABILITY: SOME
EXPERIENCES OF SHRIRAM INSTITUTE
FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, INDIA
Presented by :
Dr. R.K. KHANDAL
DIRECTOR
SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCHSHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI - 110007 (INDIA)19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI - 110007 (INDIA)
Email : sridlhi@vsnl.com Website : www.shriraminstitute.org
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada

2. SUSTAINABILITY; AS DEFINED IN NATURE
Green plants are the food for plant eaters
Meat eaters supply waste materials for the decomoposers
Decomposers
make chemicals
for green plants
Plant eaters are
food for animal
eaters
Disturbing this cycle is perhaps the tendency of all species
involved in it.
Man being the wisest, amongst all, must make efforts to
preserve the life-cycle sustainability
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada

3. SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABLE
• Natural
• Independent of Time
• Spontaneous
• Cyclic
• Harmonical
• Space for all
• Creation oriented
• No dead end
• Supportive
• Universal
NOT-SUSTAINABLE
• Man-made
• Time dependent
• Energy Driven
• Linear
• Imbalance-prone
• Haves & Have-nots
• Elimination-oriented
• Dead-end certain
• Exploitative
• Obsolete with time
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada
The terms like growth, economics, benefits, loss etc. have little
significance in sustainable processes
Sustainability varnishes with the breaking of cyclic events

4. Product
Application
Waste
Degradation
products
Inputs
Process
Waste
Technological challenges are met through research
Factors responsible for sustainability can only be controlled
through research
ROLE OF RESEARCH IN SUSTAINABILITY
Byproducts
Long life Short Life
Hazardous
Safe
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada
Synthetic
Renewable
Hazardous
Green

5. Striking a balance is the concept of Triple Benefit ?
Can be manowered by Research
ROLE OF RESEARCH IN SUSTAINABILITY
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada
• Viability
• Profits
• Losses
• Growth
• Expansion
• Exploitation
• Survival
• Competition
• Community
• Resources
• Ecology
• Cyclic
Phenomenon

6. Input
Process
Application
Waste
ROLE OF RESEARCH IN SUSTAINABILITY
Degradation
Products
Raw Material
Renewable
Green
Environment Friendly
Biodegradation
Basic Bio-organic
Matter
Burden on the
Environment
Energy Renewable
Emission Environment Friendly

7. CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY:SIMPLE TO
DEFINE DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE CHALLENGES
Sustainable Non-sustainable Challenges
Synthetic Renewable Alternates
Consumption Replenishment Sustainable Source
Chemical Route Bio-route
Environment Friendly
Green
Waste Waste Utilization
Reuse, Repair,
Recycle
Avoid short cuts
Think Collective
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada
Take global view
Share Experiences

8. FACTS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY
Negatives
Need for sustainability has become a cause of concern for
development countries more than the developing ones.
Sustainability is achievable only through cooperative approach
and working together.
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada
Positives
• Global Warming
• Climate changes
Consensus to control
emissions etc.
Depletion of resources
Alternatives becoming
feasible
Flight for energy resources Success on Bio-energy
Imbalance of Trade &
Trade Barriers
WTO & Multi-lateral
Collaborations
Rising Disparities Enough for All

9.  Renewable
 Energy Efficient
 Water Efficient
Input
Process
Product
Applications
Waste
PRIORITIES PARTNER ROLE
RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
LEVEL
 Global view of
resources
 Green
 Environment Friendly
 Energy Efficient
 Protection of
environment
ecology
 Safe
 Long-usage life
 Bio-degradable
 Local production
 Centralised production
 Safe Conditions  Optimise available
resources
 Value from Waste  Reuse, Repair, recycle
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada

10. EXPERIENCES OF SHRIRAM INSTITUTE
FOR SUSTAINABILITY
WASTE TYPES TECHNOLOGIES
Approach : Value from Waste
PLASTIC • Road Composites
• Energy
TEXTILE • Sanitary Napkins
CERAMIC FIBRE • Insulating Tiles etc.
FLY ASH • Cement
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada
Not only developed technologies but also established
their impact.

11. THREATS TO SUSTAINABILITY
Demographic • Uncontrolled population growth
WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress
Saskatoon, SK Canada
Can scientific progress and improvement of technology always
help to find new solutions !
Resources • Non-renewable sources of energy
• Mineral raw materials
• Fertile soil for food for overgrowing
population
Disposal and related
problems
• Waste
• Climate change
• Ozone holes
• Green house effect
• Environmental pollution
Political and Social • Disparity between developed and
developing countries

12. Natural
Capital
Diversity
Population
Environmental
Sustainability
ECONOMIC
Economic
Equality
 Harmonization is required between the 3 components
 Environment - Progress of human society brings about unchangeable
damage to environment
 Economy - Distribution between : developed and developing countries
present and coming generation
 Social - Does economic growth always lead to increasing welfare, quality
of life
COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY
Lifestyle Health
SOCIAL
Resources

13.  Responsibility of future generation
 Equitable distribution of work, income and
opportunities in life
 More value
 viable economy
 Brings advancement that benefit human kind
 Make everyday life easier
 protect Environment
 Tap new employment potential
RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABILITY:NECESSISTY

14. OUTLINE
Research & Development
Criteria for selection of R&D
Projects
Feasibility, Profitability,
Planning and Execution of R&D
projects
Market as a driving force for R&D
Continuous R&D : A cyclic
process for technology
Research
Development
Technology
Market

15.  Increase stock of knowledge; knowledge of
man, culture and society
 To use this stock of knowledge to devise
new applications; improvements in
standard of living
 Sustainable
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

16.  Basic Research
 Applied Research
 Experimental Developments
R&D CLASSIFICATION
 Quest for development
 Desire to improve
 Aim to have growth

17.  Experimental or theoretical work
 Primarily to acquire new knowledge
 Not necessarily with a specific application
or use in mind
 Clears concepts and gains are for long-term
 Essential for answering whys
BASIC RESEARCH

18.  Experimental or theoretical work
 Use knowledge for improvements
 For a specific practical aim or objective
 Driving force for R&D
 Helps build capability to convert ideas
into products to meet needs
APPLIED RESEARCH

19.  Systematic work
 Based on existing knowledge gained from
research and/or practical experience
 Directed to produce new materials,
products or devices
 New processes, systems or services with
substantial improvements
EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS

20.  Presence of an appreciable element of
novelty
 Existence of demand in the form of
stakeholders as the driving force
 Sustainability
 Cost-benefit analysis
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
OF R&D PROJECTS
Criteria
Key Factors

21. IdeasStage 0
 Preliminary Market Assessment
 Preliminary Financial Assessment
 Preliminary Technical Assessment
• Necessities
• Knowledge Base
• Market Demand &
Status
• Product requirement
• Cost-benefit analysis
• Feasibility
Activities Inputs
Decision 1
Stage 1
SELECTION PROCESS : FEASIBILITY

22. • Technology partner
• Regulatory Agencies
• Local production &
imports
• Long term benefits
• Patent rights &
technology
• Industry partnership
• Stakeholder
Activities Inputs
Decision 2
Stage 2
 Detailed Market Assessment
 Detailed Financial Assessment
 Detailed Technical Assessment
SELECTION PROCESS : STAKEHOLDERS
Stakeholders

23. • Market potential & demand
• Policy makers
• Regulatory Agencies
• Comparison with reference
• Product requirement
• Quality evaluation
parameters
• Joint trials
• Customer satisfaction
Activities Inputs
Decision 3
Stage 3
 Specifications and Design
 Prototype Construction
 Prototype Testing
SELECTION PROCESS : CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONSELECTION PROCESS : CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Customer

24.  Tooling and Documentation
 Pre-production
 Testing and Redesign
 Initial Market Testing
 Marketing Strategy
 Distribution and Sales
 Failure Tracking
• Technology package
• Process control parameters
& quality control
parameters
• Demonstration
• Feed backs
• Scale up
• Market acceptability
• Product properties meeting
requirements
• Project completion report
• Technology package
Activities Inputs
Decision 4
Stage 4
SELECTION PROCESS : SUCCESS FACTORSSELECTION PROCESS : SUCCESS FACTORS
Success Factor

25.  Technical inputs:
 Technical competence
 Existing status vis-à-vis desried level of
competence
 Facilities’ Availability
 Regulatory issues
 Achievable improvements with existing
technical inputs
FEASIBILITY : TECHNICAL

26.  Commercial issues:
 Raw material availability
 Access to market
 Demand
 Competition
 Cost of making Vs outsourcing!
 Viability of R&D project
FEASIBILITY : COMMERCIAL

27.  Quality and continuous improvement
 Sustainable demand; seasonal or regular
 Costs vs purchase power; margins & viability
 Scale of production; cost / piece
 There should be takers for the product !
 There should be a definite edge over
competition
PROFITABILITY

28.  Coordination of various activities to achieve
desired results ensuring:
 Time schedule
 Smooth operation
 Regular reviews
 Decision making at each stage to make
amendments backed by sound appraisal
 Involvement of all stakeholders is the key!
PLANNING

29.  Achieving the targets with:
 Minimum efforts
 Maximum output
 Trouble shooting
 Aiming for the satisfaction of the user:
 Minimum biases
 Maximum scope for improvements
 A fool-proof control & appraisal system to be
in place
EXECUTION

30.  Procedure
 Deliverables
 Cost
 Quality
 Controls help in making amendments
 Controls & appraisals are key factors
for success of R&D projects
R&D PROJECT CONTROLS

31. Technology Development Process
Identification of
the problem
Definition
of problem
Technical
Feasibility
Commercial
Feasibility
• Need for
technology
• Well defined
objectives
• Technical
capability
• Ready takers
market and
market
sustainability
• Impact Factor • Well
understood
objectives
• Deliverables
• Resource
Capability
• Hazards
analysis
• Regulatory
Clearances
• Cost-effective
value addition
& Relevance
 Success depends on understanding of
problem & defining the scope of research

32. Technology Development Process
Work Plan Appraisal
Prototype
Design Review
• Objective in
focus
• Time & Inputs
as per with
objectives
• Scope for
appraisal &
review at each
step
• Optimum
utilization of
resources
(indigenous)
Demo
• By all stake
holders
• As per
objectives
Time,
Quality
Cost
• To meet
purpose
• To pass
scrutiny of
deliverables
• To be safe
from cradle
to Grave
• To assess
the degree
of
innovation
• To gauge
the long
term and
short term
impact
• To evaluate
the
improveme
nts over the
existing
knowledge
• To establish
the
deliverable
of acquired
knowledge
• Meeting all
the design
criteria and
objectives
 Market acceptability can only be achieved
through demonstration of technology

33. Technology Development Process
SUCCESS FACTORS
• Existing Needs
• Market
• Defining Objectives
• Design Criteria and
Design Basis
• R & D
• Review and Appraisal
• Demonstration
RISK FACTORS
• Times Dynamics
• Potential and sustainability
• Understanding objectives and
deliverables
• Feasibility studies
• Approach flexibility &
innovation
• Criteria
• Participation of stake holders
 Risk factors should be considered at
the design stage itself

34. Technology Development Process
Prototype
Review
Output
Review
Appraisal
Input
Feasibility
Process
Innovation
360° Approach
Involvement
of Stake Holders
Review & Appraisal

35. Research
R&D leads to technology
Development
RESEARCH VIS-A-VIS DEVELOPMENT
• Success
• Market
Acceptability
• Technology
• Success
• Technology
• Market
Acceptability
• Success
• Technology
• Growth
• Success
• Innovation
• Technology

36. Demand
Market is a big driving force for technology
Potential
MARKET POTENTIAL & DEMAND FOR R&D
• Threat
• High Risk
• Innovation
• Alternatives
• Strength
• Sustainability
• Low Risk
• Application
• Challenge
• Low Risk
• Weakness
• Unique Technology
• Opportunity
• high Risk
• Affordability
• Technology Edge

37.  Market Size
 Market Dynamics
 Needs
 Trends
 Resources
 Sustainability
 Value Addition
 Product Differentiation
 Improvements
 USP
 Alternatives
 Continuously Total
Quality Improvements
 Control points are the driving force as well
as determinants for technology selection
FACTORS CONTROL POINT
TECHNOLOGY SELECTION : CONTROL FACTORS

38. R & D
Ideas
Innovations
Product
Application
Improvements
Innovations
Ideas
 Success of a technology requires continuous R&D inputs
Continuous R&D : A
Cyclic Process
TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS DYNAMICS : R & D

39.  Interfacing of determinants ensures sustainability and
improvements in quality : Key to success
Research MarketProduct
Capacity Quality Demand
• Irreversible
• Product
Focus
• Market Focus
• Image Focus
• Reversible
• R & D Focus
• Customer
Focus
TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS DYNAMICS : MARKET
Market
Production R & D
Quality
Sustainability
Capability Sustainability Affordability

40. THANK YOU