Bollinger Bands are a technical analysis indicator consisting of an upper, middle, and lower band plotted around a simple moving average to identify overbought and oversold levels. The bands are calculated based on the moving average and standard deviation of prices over a 20 day period, with the middle band being the moving average and the upper and lower bands being 2 standard deviations above and below. Traders use Bollinger Bands to identify potential buy or sell signals when the price hits the lower or upper bands.