This document defines key terms related to disaster risk reduction and management such as hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, and risk. It then provides examples of specific disasters that have impacted Baguio City, including earthquakes, tropical cyclones, and landslides. The document discusses the Philippines' risk profile as a disaster-prone country located in the typhoon belt and ring of fire. It emphasizes the importance of preparedness and outlines critical concerns to assess preparedness. The document also summarizes provisions of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 in the Philippines and highlights actions needed to reduce disaster risk such as establishing early warning systems and integrating disaster risk reduction into land use planning.

1. Supplemented by Ryann U. Castro
DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT

2. SCOPE:
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• HAZARD
• EXPOSURE
• VULNERABILITY
• CAPACITY
• RISK
o POTENTIAL RISK TREATMENTS
• DISASTER
o CLASSIFICATIONS
o WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
o WHY ARE DISASTER IMPACTS INCREASING?
o WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK?
o DISASTER RISK REDUCTION METHOD
2. BAGUIO CITY: EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
• EARTHQUAKE
• TROPICAL CYCLONE
• TRASHSLIDE
3. PHILIPPINES RISK PROFILE
4. PREPAREDNESS
5. NEW FRAMEWORK ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT
6. SALIENT PROVISION OF R. A. 10121 (DRRM ACT OF 2010)
7. STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
8. EMERGENCY/DISASTER OPERATIONS CENTER
• SITUATIONAL ISSUES
• INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
2

3. DEFINITION OF TERMS

4. HAZARD
• Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihood & services, social & economic
disruption or environmental damage...
• Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon
• It could be natural or human-induced.
4

5. EXPOSURE
• The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience
hazard events of different magnitude.
5

6. VULNERABILITY
• Is the characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard.
• This may arise from various physical, social, economic &
environmental factors.
6

7. • Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk
or effects of a disaster.
7
CAPACITY

11. DISASTER
• A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard
resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the
environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic
event stemming from events such as
earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is
a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and
destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people.
• In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence
of inappropriately managed risk. These risks are the product of a
combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability. Hazards that strike in
areas with low vulnerability will never become disasters, as is the
case in uninhabited regions.
11

12. DISASTER
Natural Disaster
 A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects
humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack
of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial,
environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the
capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation:
"disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard
will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without
vulnerability.
12
CLASSIFICATIONS
…Continued

13. DISASTER
13
CLASSIFICATIONS
Man-made or Human Induced Disaster
 Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or
human hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport
accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in
this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are
events that have not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards
have become reality in an event
…Continued

14. WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such
as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed.
3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at
least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.
4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and
livestock, and other agricultural products, and
5. Epidemics
14
DISASTER
…Continued

16. BAGUIO CITY
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS

17. EARTHQUAKE
17
July 16 1990
Ms=7.8
DEAD – 1,666
INJURED – 3,500

18. Hyatt Terraces
18
…continued

19. 19
University of BAGUIO FRB Hotel
Nevada Hotel Siesta Inn

20. 20
Park Hotel St. Vincent
Royal Inn Hilltop Hotel

21. 21
Baguio Cathedral Aurora Theater
EPZA/PEZA Loakan Airport

22. 22
Burnham Park

23. JULY 16, 1990 EARTHQUAKE
23
Aftershocks of the 1990
July 16 earthquake Ms=7.8
PHIVOLCS data
First 14 hours
Many aftershocks found
west of Baguio City, not
along fault trace
…Continued

24. SUPER TYPHOON “PEPENG” {PARMA}
24
(September 30 – October 10, 2009)
Max Center Wind: 195 kph
Gustiness: 230 kph
Speed: 9-26 kph
Baguio City received 640
mm of rain during the 12-
hour period starting 8:00
am on October 8

25. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
25
a) Affected Population
Population affected in 5,486 barangays, 334 municipalities, and
33 cities in 27 provinces in Regions I, II, III, V, VI, CAR and NCR
– 954,087 families / 4,478,284 persons Breakdown per Region
The total number evacuated inside 54 evacuation centers were
3,258 families / 14,892 persons
b) Casualties
Reported deaths in CAR were mainly due to landslides while
those in other regions were due to drowning (same figure in
previous report)
 465 Dead
 207 Injured
 47 Missing

26. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
26
c) Damages
The total number of damaged houses were 61,869 (6,807
totally / 55,062 partially)
The estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture
were PhP27.297 Billion (infrastructure to include school
buildings and health infrastructure PhP6.799 Billion; agriculture
PhP20.495 Billion and private property PhP 0.003 Billion
Agricultural area of 428,034 hectares incurred losses of
1,052.993 MT of crops (rice, corn, high value commercial
crops, abaca and irrigation facilities)
Education facilities damaged in Regions I, II, III, V and CAR:
were 1,531 schools (1,280 Elementary and 251 High Schools)
amounting to PhP767.45 Million
…Continued

28. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
28
BAGUIO
INCIDENTS TOTAL
ERODED RIPRAP 25
FALLEN TREE / IN DANGER OF
FALLING
19
SOIL EROSION / LANDSLIDE 97
FLOOD 41
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT 1
CASUALTIES:
A) Deaths 1) Landslide
2) Accident
58
2
B) Missing 5
C) Injured 27
Note: Incidents received, monitored and recorded by CDRRMC-DOC
…Continued

29. CITY CAMP
29
FLOODING
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported: 2:55 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
could not be contained by the
drainage.

30. CRESENCIA VILLAGE
30
LANDSLIDE
Date: 08 October 2009
Reported: 8:00 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 23

31. MARCOS HIGHWAY
31
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway

32. MARCOS HIGHWAY
32
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway

33. KENNON ROAD
33
Fallen rocks and Mudslides

34. PINSAO PROPER
34
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 8:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 1

35. ↑ ROCK QUARRY
35
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 6:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 4

36. ↓ KITMA
36
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 9:56 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 8

37. PUROK 1, IRISAN
37
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 16

38. SIMULTANEOUS
INCIDENTS
38

39. TRASHSLIDE
39
August 26 – September 7, 2011
DEAD – 6

40. 40

41. 41

42. 42

43. PREVIOUS
DISASTERS
IN
C.A.R.
43
 LGU as the first line of defence
 Early warning devise or equipment are vital in saving life
 Without communication support warning and the evacuation fails
 Early warning and evacuation system to attain Zero Casualty
 Pre-positioning of organic resource capability for quick response
 Building-back better not building-back-elsewhere
 DRR measures to protect economic investments
 Help must be linked to initiative. Protracted relief could breed
mendicancy, inhibit or hold back local initiative and suppress
native creativity
 Demand driven vs. donors driven
 Disaster Risk Reduction Plan must be considered basic input in
the Regional Development Master Plan
LESSONS LEARNED

44. PHILIPPINES RISK PROFILE

45. PHILIPPINES
RISK
PROFILE The country is considered one of the most disaster-prone. It ranks 12th
among 200 countries most at-risk for tropical cyclones, floods,
earthquakes, and landslides in the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of the UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
45
 Located along the
typhoon belt in the
Pacific making it
vulnerable to typhoons
and tsunami.
 Average of 20
typhoons yearly (7 are
destructive).

46. PHILIPPINES
RISK
PROFILE
46
 Located along the
Pacific Ring of
Fire, between two
Tectonic plates
(Eurasian and Pacific)
which are volcanic
and earthquake
generators.
 22 active volcanoes (5
most active).
The Philippines, given its location on the earth is prone to various types
of Natural Disasters.
…Continued

47. PREPAREDNESS
A PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY

49. PREPAREDNESS
49
Are we prepared?
WHAT IF?!
…Continued

50. PREPAREDNESS
50
CRITICAL CONCERNS
1. Does your institution have an existing Disaster Response Team /
Safety Committee?
2. If yes, is it functional?
3. Do we conduct emergency / disaster drills regularly?
4. Do we have Emergency Response Plan?
5. Do we have a Preparedness / Contingency Plan in the event of any
disaster?
6. Are there personnel / employees trained in first aid, fire fighting or
rescue?
7. Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other
emergency paraphernalia?
8. Do we have an institutionalized warning system?
9. Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the
institution?
…Continued

52. R.A. 10121
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM

53.  Disaster legislation in the Philippines dates back in 1978, primarily
reactive approach to disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness
and response. Other relevant legislation for mainstreaming of
disaster risk reduction into development includes land-use controls
and building codes. However, building codes are not strictly
enforced and zoning ordinances which are reported to have been
relaxed over time.
53
DRRM THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
 With the approval of the DRRM (Republic Act
No. 10121) expect that there would be a
paradigm shift emphasizing disaster
management to a disaster risk management
approach, with much greater importance given
to reducing risk. The RA was approved on 27
May 2010, and the Implementing Rules and
Regulations are being crafted by the Task
Force RA 10121 headed by the OCD. Time
line for submission will be on August 25, 2010.

54. RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
 Systematic process of using administrative decisions,
organization, operational skills and capacities to implement
policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and
communities
 Setting of related goals and objectives in development and land use
areas.
 It involves the formulation of strategies and Plans, Programs and
Activities (PPAs)
54
DRRM
…Continued

55. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
 Institutionalize Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Office
 Establish Early Warning System
 Formulation of Communication Protocol
 Formulation of Evacuation Procedures at the community level and
establishments
 Organize Local DRRMC and define the functional roles and
responsibilities of the members and task units
 Establish Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
 Hazard awareness through Community-Based trainings and
seminars
55
DRRM
…Continued

56. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
 Integrate disaster risk reduction into the Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) and land use planning
 Integrate hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment into the
development plan
 Cluster Approach on Recovery Program
 Good working relationship with Warning Agencies and the Local
Media
 Installation of rain gauges on mountain slopes
(DENR-MGB CAR recommended that 150 mm of rainfall observed
within 24 hours would already trigger evacuation of communities in
high risk areas)
56
DRRM
…Continued

57. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
 Strengthening of the LGU capabilities on disaster management;
 Updating the hazard profile of all municipalities and to analyse data
on human induced disasters for public safety studies
 Effective flow of communication system to ensure that accurate flow
of information before, during and after disasters
57
DRRM
…Continued

58. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
58
DRRM
…Continued

60.  A comprehensive disaster risk management strategy, actively
involving stakeholders at all levels of government as well as the
private sector, local communities and civil society, is required to
implement the legislative framework and to provide coordination and
monitoring mechanisms and arrangements.
 Individual disaster risk reduction actions and programs need to be
located within this strategy, rather than treated as discrete, individual
measures. Moreover, the strategy needs to indicate specific entry
points and mechanisms for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
concerns into both the broader development agenda and the design
and implementation of individual development initiatives.
60
DRRM DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
…Continued

61.  Individual line agencies and local governments are legally
responsible for implementing disaster management, as it is still
commonly referred to in department circulars and executive orders,
within their own areas of responsibility. In practice, some LGUs have
yet to even establish their disaster coordinating councils (DCCs),
while those DCCs that have been established vary in quality. In
addition, reflecting Presidential Decree (PD) 1566’s reactive
approach to DCC meetings are commonly held only on an ad hoc
basis, in response to crisis situations, rather than on a more regular
basis to discuss ongoing risk reduction initiatives, and DCCs’ risk
reduction and mainstreaming capacity and capabilities are often
very limited.
61
DRRM DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
…Continued

62. 62
8th Congress
(’89-’92)
9th Co2ngress
(’92-’95)
10th Congress
(’95-’98)
11th Congress
(’98-2001)
12th Congress
(2001-2004)
13th Congress
(2004-2007)
14th Congress
(2007-2010)
RA NO. 10121
27 May 2010
• 21 years in the making
• 7 Congresses
• 4 Administration
PD 1566
June 11, 1978
R.A.
10121
…Continued

63. 63
R.A.
10121
…Continued
DRRMC ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
 17 REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENTCOUNCILS
 80 PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENTCOUNCILS
 117 CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
 1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
 41,945 BARANGAY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENTCOUNCILS

64. 64
BAGUIO
CITY ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 173 SERIES 2010
Mayor
City Administrator /
Action Officer

65. THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MAY 27, 2010
 An Act Strengthening The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework, and Institutionalizing the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes (DRRM Act 2010)
65
R.A.
10121
…Continued

66. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
The law which transforms the Philippines’ Disaster Management
System from Disaster Relief and Response towards Disaster Risk
Reduction.
66
Top-down and centralized
disaster management
Disasters as merely a
function of physical
hazards
Focus on disaster
response and anticipation
Bottom-up and
participatory disaster
risk reduction
Disaster mainly a
reflection of people's
vulnerability
Integrated approach to
genuine social and human
development to reduce
disaster risk and adoption
of IT in DRM
…Continued
R.A.
10121
…Continued

67. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES
• Institutional not personality oriented
• Permanent solution not temporary or palliative
• Preemptive evacuation is better than rescue
67
R.A.
10121
…Continued

68. R.A. 10121
The enactment of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 (also known as Republic Act 10121), aims to
achieve a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive approach in
disaster risk reduction and management.
 One of the main objectives of Disaster Preparedness it to “Enhance
the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative
impacts of a disaster”.
 The state of readiness for PDRRMC, MDRRMC and CDRRMC is
greatly determines the extent to which potential casualties and
damages can be reduced.
68
…Continued

69. PARADIGM SHIFT
69
Response
Preparedness
Mitigation:
Risk Reduction /
Prevention
Rehabilitation
REACTIVE
Emergency/Disaster Management
R.A.
10121
• Executive/Legislative Agenda
• Environmental Management
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan
• Risk proofing
• Financial tools
• Hazard identification &
• Vulnerability Analysis
• Capacity Analysis
• Public awareness
• Public commitment
• Community actions
• Education & Training
• Early Warning
• SOP & Plans
• ICS Development
• Livelihood
• Housing
• Lifelines
• Education
• Infrastructure
• DANA
• Relief
• SAR
• Incident Command System
• Evacuation
• Health
…Continued

70. PARADIGM SHIFT
70
R.A.
10121
…Continued

71. PARADIGM SHIFT
71
National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework
Disaster Response
Proactive
Disaster Risk Reduction
Emergency Specialists
Hazard Scientists
Risks Specialists
Economic Managers
Development Planners
Reactive
DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
R.A.
10121
…Continued

72. PARADIGM SHIFT
72
PROACTIVE
Emergency/Disaster Risk Management
R.A.
10121
…Continued
Response
Mitigation:
Risk Reduction /Prevention
Preparedness
Rehabilitation

73. EMERGENCY/DISASTER
OPERATIONS CENTER

74. BAGUIO CDRRMC-DOC
74

75. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
75
• Is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out
the principles or functions of emergency / disaster
preparedness and management at a strategic level in an emergency
situation, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company,
political subdivision or other organization.
• An Emergency / Disaster OPCEN is responsible for the strategic
overview, or "big picture", of the disaster.
• Used in varying ways at all levels of government and within private
industry to provide coordination, direction and control during
emergencies.

76. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
76
• The common functions of all E/D OPCEN is to collect, gather and
analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain
continuity of the organization, within the scope of applicable laws;
and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and
individuals.
• In most E/DOC's, there is one individual in charge, and that is
the Emergency/Disaster Manager.
…Continued

77. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
77
…Continued
BRINGS TOGETHER THE VITAL ASPECT OF :
COORDINATION &
COMMUNICATION
MEDIA & PUBLIC
INFORMATION
ACTIVATION of the
BDRRMC -
responders & others
TASK
ALLOCATION
INFORMATION
COLLECTION
& ANALYSIS
SITUATION
ASSESSMENT AND
MONITORING
DISSEMINATION
of WARNING
SITUATION
MONITORING
RESOURCE
DISPATCH, TRACKING
& REQUEST
ACTION PRIORITIES
Working 24/7
With DISASTER
MNGT FUNCTION

78. ACTIVATION

79. ACTIVATION
79
STAGES or LEVELS
of ACTIVATION for
DRRMCs
NOTIFICATION - When an event/disaster occurs, notification is made to
all partner agencies, and CDRRMC Disaster Operations Center support
staff who needs to take actions as part of their pre-assigned tasks and
responsibilities;
BLUE ALERT (PARTIAL ACTIVATION) - An initial limited or
a post Red Alert scaled down operational condition of the
Disaster Operations Center (DOC). All field personnel go
on stand-by, assets pre-positioned for easy deployment;
RED ALERT (FULL ACTIVATION) - All primary and
secondary support agencies of the CDRRMC are on
active status/on-call, manning respective stations
along with DOC staff, while directing-coordinating
personnel/assets on a 24-hour basis during an on-
going event;
DEACTIVATION - The DOC Chief as may be directed
by the Chief Executive or Action Officer to deactivate
the alert status and normal operations of the
Disaster Operations Center resumes.
UNDERSTANDING THE COLORED ALERT STATUS & DISASTER WARNING SYMBOLS

80. ACTIVATION
80
…Continued
RED Full scale activation
• Full scale activation.
• Citywide activation of the BDRRMC’s & respective operations
centers.
• Focal members of the CDRRMC’s will be in the operations center
for fast action, coordination & decision.
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns.

81. ACTIVATION
81
…Continued
• Partial activation - whole members
• Citywide activation of the BDRRMCs & respective operations
centers
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns
BLUE Partial activation

82. ACTIVATION
82
…Continued
• 24/7 monitoring of AOR
WHITE Monitoring

83. SITUATIONAL ISSUES
THINGS TO CONSIDER

84. SITUATIONAL ISSUES
84
In any major situation, there are three (3) critical issues that usually
arise, namely:

85. TIME CONSTRAINT
85
• WARN PEOPLE
• EVACUATE THE PEOPLE
• SAVE LIVES
• CASUALTIES
• INJURED
• DEAD
• MISSING
• IMPENDING HAZARDS
• UTILITY SHUT DOWN
• LOOTERS
• Others
…Continued
SITUATIONAL
ISSUES
…Continued

87. COORDINATION
87
• WHAT?
• WHERE?
• WHEN?
• WHO?
• HOW?
• Others
…Continued
SITUATIONAL
ISSUES
…Continued

88. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
SIX (6) BUILDING BLOCKS

89. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
89
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SAR EMS FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF
DANA

90. STRUCTURAL FIRE
90
Tiong San Bazaar, 1:00 PM, April 2, 2008
Property and merchandise worth around P 200 million were lost in a 10-hour fire.

91. STRUCTURAL FIRE
91
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SAR EMS FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF
DANA
F
I
TS R
E
…Continued

92. LANDSLIDE
92
Little Kibungan, Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet
The landslide buried more or less 25 houses 50+ residents.

93. LANDSLIDE
93
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SAR EMS FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF
DANA
KI
BU
LITTLE NG
AN
…Continued

94. VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
94
Byron Bus 198 Accident
May 11, 2005, Badiwan, Tuba, Benguet : 29 dead

95. VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
95
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SAR EMS FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF
DANA
MAR
COS
VA HIGH
WAY
…Continued

96. S.A.R.
96
Flash Flood Victim SAR, September 30-October 5, 2012
Point of Origin: Crystal Cave, Baguio City – Point of Sighting: Sitio Pacac, Tuba, Benguet

97. S.A.R.
97
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SAR EMS FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF
DANA
DUE
TO
MISSING FLASH
FLOOD
…Continued

98. AIRCRAFT CRASH
98
Crash Incident Presidential Chopper BELL 412
April 7, 2009, Brgy. Eheb, Tinoc, Ifugao : 8 dead

99. AIRCRAFT CRASH
99
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SAR EMS FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF
DANA
BELL
4
CRASH 1
2
…Continued

100. QUESTIONS?
100

101. 101
“We are not preparing for the world we live in - we
are preparing for the world we find ourselves in.”
– Michael Mabee
Prepping for a Suburban or Rural Community: Building a Civil Defense Plan for a Long-Term Catastrophe

102. 102
THANK YOU!

103. REFERENCES
• Andrew Alex Uy
OCD-CAR/CRDRRMC
• Disaster
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster
• Trashslide
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/pb-110828-garbage-cannon.jpg
http://www.interaksyon.com/article/12111/mina-toll-rises-to-26-six-more-missing
http://mghelman.tumblr.com/
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2011/08/29/typhoon-mina-leaves-8-dead-cordillera-176058
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/51141/state-of-calamity-declared-in-trash-swamped-baguio
http://bulatlat.com/main/2013/06/25/baguios-garbage-woe-affects-classes/
http://richardbalonglong.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/wall-es-plant-2/
• Typhoon Parma
http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormarchives/2009/trax/pepeng09_16tx.gif
• Climate Change
http://mncgreens.blogspot.com/2012/02/event-australian-attitudes-to-climate.html
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