Subject, community health nursing,based in child abuse,women abuse and elderly abuse and it's preventing

1. Submitted to:- Respected Praveen
ma’am
Tutor
College of nursing

3. The World Health Organization (WHO)
defines child maltreatment as “All forms
of physical and emotional ill-treatment,
sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation
that results in actual or potential harm
to the child’s health, development or
dignity.”

4. As of 2006, the World Health
Organization distinguishes four types
of child maltreatment:-
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Psychological abuse
Neglect

5. Intentional use of physical force against the
child that results in – or has a high likelihood
of resulting in – harm for the child’s health,
survival, development, or dignity.
This includes hitting, beating, kicking,
shaking, biting, strangling, scalding, burning,
poisoning, and suffocating. Much physical
violence against children in the home is
inflicted with the object of punishing.

6. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a form of
child abuse in which an adult or older
adolescent abuses a child for sexual
stimulation. Sexual abuse refers to the
participation of a child in a sexual act
aimed toward the physical gratification
or the financial profit of the person
committing the act.

7. 1995, The American Professional Society on
the Abuse of Children (APSAC) defined it as:
spurning, terrorizing, isolating, exploiting,
corrupting, denying emotional
responsiveness, or neglect” or “A repeated
pattern of caregiver behavior or extreme
incident(s) that convey to children that they
are worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted,
endangered, or only of value in meeting
another’s needs”

8.  In 2013, the American Psychiatric
Association (APA) added Child
Psychological Abuse to the DSM-5,
describing it as “nonaccidental verbal
or symbolic acts by a child’s parent or
caregiver that result, or have
reasonable potential to result, in
significant psychological harm to the
child.”

9. Child neglect is the failure of a parent or other person
with responsibility for the child, to provide needed
food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or supervision to
the degree that the child’s health, safety.
Some observable signs of child neglect include: the
child is frequently absent from school, begs or steals
food or money, lacks needed medical and dental care, is
consistently dirty, or lacks appropriate clothing for the
weather or well-being may be threatened with harm

10. Supervisory neglect
Physical neglect
Medical neglect
Emotional neglect
Educational neglect
abandonment

13. A support-group structure is needed to
reinforce parenting skills and closely monitor
the child’s well-being.
Visiting home nurse or social-worker visits
are also required to observe and evaluate the
progress of the child and the caretaking
situations .

14. Children’s school programs regarding “good
touch … bad touch”
 Role-play and learn to avoid potentially harmful
scenarios.
Pediatricians can help identify children at risk of
maltreatment and intervene with the aid of a
social worker or provide access to treatment that
addresses potential risk factors such as maternal
depression.
Planning pregnancy

15. 24 Hour, Emergency
toll free phone service
for children in need of
care and protection :-
1098

16. #19 November:-
world child
abuse day.

17. *POCSO Act(2012)
Address the crimes of sexual abuse and sexual
exploitation of children through stringent legal
provisions.
*POCSO e-Box
Online complaint management system for easy and
direct reporting of sexual offences against children
and timely action against offenders.

18. NCPCR:-The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
(NCPCR) ensure that all Laws, Policies and Programmes are in
consonance with the Child Rights perspective as enshrined in the
Constitution of India and the UN Convention on the Rights of the
Child.(march2007)
Integrated Child Protection Scheme:-Aimed at building a protective
environment for children in difficult circumstances through
Government-Civil Society Partnership.(2009-10)
Operation Smile:-Also called as Operation MUSKAAN is an
initiative of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to
rescue/rehabilitate missing children.(2015)
Right to Education (RTE) Act:-4 August 2009.
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ programme(22 Jan 2015)

19. Under Indian law, anyone who beats or abuses a
child under the age of 12 can be sentenced to up
to three years in prison.
If the child is between 12 and 16 years old, the
abuser can be sentenced to up to seven years in
prison.
Anyone who beats or abuses a child more than
16 years old can be sentenced to 10 years in
prison

21. Violence against women is partly a result of
gender relations that assumes men to be superior
to women.
 Manifestations of violence include physical
aggression, such as burns, attempted hanging,
sexual abuse and rape, psychological violence
through insults, humiliation, blackmail, economic
or emotional threats, etc.
Usually domestic aggression towards women and
girls, due to various reasons remain hidden.

22. Any act of gender based violence that results in or
is likely to result in physical, sexual or
psychological harm or suffering to a woman,
whether occurring in public or private life.
_United Nations
 Women abuse is the intentional and systematic use
of tactics to establish and maintain power and
control over the thoughts, beliefs and conduct of a
woman through the inducement of fear and/or
dependency. _ Reynolds and Schweitzer
1998

23. Physical violence
Sexual violence
Psychological violence
Spiritual violence
Cultural violence
Verbal violence
Financial violence
Neglect

24. Physical violence: It includes using physical
force which results in pain, discomfort or
injury, hitting, pinching, hair pulling, arm
twisting, strangling, burning, stabbing, etc.
 Sexual violence: It includes touching in an
inappropriate manner without consent,
forces sexual intercourse, forcing a person to
perform sexual acts, beating or hurting
sexual parts of the body, etc.

25. Emotional violence: It occurs when someone says or does
something to make a person feel stupid or worthless. It
includes name calling, blaming all relationship problems,
not allowing to contact family or friends, etc.
Psychological violence: It includes threatening to harm the
person, his/her family if he/she leaves, threatening to
harm oneself, threats of violence and abandonment, etc.
Spiritual violence: It includes not allowing the person to
follow his/her preferred spiritual or religious tradition,
forcing a spiritual or religious path or practice on another
person, belittling or making fun of a person’s spiritual or
religious tradition, etc.

26. Verbal abuse: It includes recalling a person’s
past mistakes, threatening violence, lying,
yelling, insulting, swearing, talking unkindly
about death, etc.
• Financial abuse: It includes not allowing
the person to participate in the educational
programmes, forcing the person to work
outside home, refusing to work outside home,
refusing to attend school, misusing funds, etc.

27. WOMEN HELPLINE NUMBERS
Women Helpline ( All India ) – Women In
Distress :- 1091
Women Helpline Domestic abuse :-181
National Commison For women –
01126942369,26944756
Delhi Commision For Women – 011-
23378044/ 23378317/23370597
Outer Delhi Helpline –011-
27034873,27034874
Student/Child Helpline –1098

28. Enforcement of laws on violence against women.Supporting gender
sensitization by conducting public awareness programs.
Encourage the media to play a constructive role.
Provision of easily accessible 24*7 information services to inform
any violence related to women.
Provision of legal services free of cost or at affordable cost.
Strengthening mahila mandals and women's organization all over
India.
Education to all women.
Family support..

29. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Swayamsidha - Integrated scheme for the development and
empowerment of women through self help groups.
Swashakti Project(1988)
ICDS (1975)
Swavlamban(2010)
Training and employment program for women.
Hostel for working women.
Swadhar and rashtriya mahila kosh.

30. Crimes under IPC: Rape, kidnapping and abduction, dowry
deaths, torture both mentally and physically, molestation,
sexual harassment, etc.
Gender Specific Laws :
Pre-conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act,
1994
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
Protection of women from domestic violence act, 2005

32. Population aging is one of the most
significant emerging problem in almost all
developing and developed countries.
Government of India defines ‘senior citizen’
or ‘elderly’ as a person who is of age 60 years
and above.
By 2050, around 82% of the world’s elderly
population will be found in developing
regions of Asia.

33. A single or repeated act or lack of
appropriate action occurring within
any relationship where there is an
expectation of trust, which causes
harm or distress to an older person.
WHO, 2002

34.  Negative attitudes
Dehumanizing stereotypes
Violence
Dependent for basic needs
Suffering from a physical or mental impairment
 Fear
Withdrawal depression or helplessness
Emotionally and financially weak

35. Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
PsyChological/emotional abuse
Financial/material abuse
neglect

36. PHYSICAL ABUSE: The infliction of pain or
injury, physical coercion or physical or drug
induced restraint.
SEXUAL ABUSE: Non-consensual sexual contact
of any kind with the older persons.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL OR EMOTIONAL ABUSE:
The infliction of mental anguish.
 FINANCIAL OR MATERIAL ABUSE: The illegal
or improper exploitation or use of funds or
resources of the older person

37. NEGLECT: The refusal or failure
to fulfil a care giving obligation.
This may or may not involve a
conscious and intentional attempt
to inflict physical or emotional
distress on the elder person.

38. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ELDER ABUSE
 Changes in personality or behaviour in the elder.
Fear, anxiety, depression, passiveness in relation to a
family member or care provider.
Unexplained physical injuries (bruise, sprain, etc).
Behaviors that mimics dementia.
Dehydration, poor nutrition, poor hygiene.
 Improper use of medication.
Confusion about new legal documents.
 Sudden changes in elder’s finances (significant
withdrawals and reluctance to speak about the situation.

40. 15 JUNE
#Elder line call toll free :-
14567
National helpline for senior
citizens

41. National re education and change in attitude
toward the elderly and disabled in the society.
 Develop awareness among the public about elder
abuse.
Development of programmes to help families who
wish to care for elderly members at home.
 Development of resources to provide meals, day
care, transportation, counselling, etc.
Watch for warning signs and visit often.
Watch for financial abuse.

42. 1. Maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens act,
2007: Introduced to promote need based maintenance for
parents and senior citizens by providing penalization in case
of abandonment, justifiable through court reversal of property,
establishing old age homes and facilitating adequate medical
facilities.
2. National programme for health care of the elderly
(NPHCE): Implemented by MOHFW in the year 2010-11 with
an approved amount of Rs.288crore

43. The range of services included health promotion, preventive
services, diagnosis and management of geriatric medical
problems, day care services, rehabilitative services and
home based care as needed.
Sub centre level: Health education, domiciliary visits,
arrangement for supportive devices and linkage with other
support groups.
PHC level: Weekly geriatric clinic, maintaining record of
the elderly, conducting routine health assessment,
provision of medicines and proper advice on chronic
ailments, public awareness and referral for diseases
needing further investigation and treatment to CHC or

45. CHC level: Acts as First referral unit, conducting
geriatric clinic twice a week, rehabilitation unit for
physiotherapy and counselling, domiciliary visits by the
rehabilitation worker, health promotion and prevention.
District level: Regular OPD services to the elderly,
facilities for laboratory investigations, ten bedded
geriatric ward, specialty services, conducting camps and
referral services.
National or Regional geriatric centre: Geriatric clinic,
30 bedded geriatric ward, laboratory investigations and
tertiary care.

46. 3. Travel:
Reservation of seats in the front row in state transport
buses.
Fare concessions in some state transport buses.
30% fare concession in Indian railways.
Wheel chairs and ramps are made available at
junctions.
Discount on flights to USA, UK and Europe in Air India.
Antyodaya scheme – The below poverty line families
that has older persons are issued food grains
35kg/family/month (Rice Rs.3/kg and wheat Rs.2/kg)

47. 4. Income tax exemptions: Ministry of Finance
provides tax exemptions for senior citizens of 60
years and above up to Rs. 2.50lakhs per annum and
for senior citizens above 80 years exemption up to
Rs.5 lakh per annum.
5. Pensions portal: Government of India,
Department of Pensions set up a pension portal to
assist senior citizens to get information regarding
the status of their application, the amount of
pension, documents requires, etc. This portal accepts
grievance from older people.