This document contains information about science lessons and units related to rocks, fossils, and animal structures and functions. It includes vocabulary terms, lesson summaries, and sample questions. The lessons cover topics like how rock layers change over time, what fossils can tell us about ancient environments, patterns shown in the fossil record, external and internal animal structures, and how the senses and body systems work. Sample questions assess understanding of concepts like how structures help animals survive in different environments, the functions of teeth and skin, and the relationships between body systems.
2. Unit 7: Rocks andfossils
Lesson1: Howdo rock layerschange
Lesson2: what do fossilstellus about ancient environments
Lesson3: what are some patternsfossilsshowsus?
Unit 5: animal structure andfunction
Lesson1: What Are SomeExternal Structuresof Animals?
Lesson2: What Are SomeInternalStructuresof Animals?
Lesson3: How Do SensesWork?
3. Unit 5 Vocabulary
external
structures
Those parts on
the outside of
a body or
structure
internal
structures
Those parts on
the inside of a
body or
structure.
organ
system
A group of
organs that
work
together to
do a job for
the body.
receptors
Special
structures that
send
information
about the
environment
from different
4. It’s All in the Skin
Animals that live in different environments have to deal with
different conditions. Animals have external structures that
allow them to live, grow, reproduce, and survive. External
structures are structures n the outside of an organism.
• A polar bear has external structures
meant for an Arctic environment.
• The external structures of the frog
wouldn’t allow it to survive in the Arctic,
but it can survive in a warmer, wetter
environment.
5. Time to Eat
Animals have external structures that they use to eat.
• Antelopes have mouths with flat teeth at the front.
This allows them to bite grass close to the ground.
• Mountain lions have powerful jaws with very sharp
teeth inside their mouths.
• Giant tubeworms have no mouths! Instead of
eating, they get nutrients from tiny organisms that
live inside them.
6. Take Cover
Animals have many kinds of coverings that protect the insides of their bodies.
• Birds have feathers to keep warm. They are also
necessary for the bird to fly.
• Fur helps insulate this alpaca, preventing heat loss
in the cold mountains.
• A snake’s smooth scales help it grip and push
against surfaces to move.
11. A horse has teeth that
are flat instead of
pointed. Which of these
does a horse’s teeth
help the horse do?
Choose the correct
answer.
• eat grass
• catch prey
• drink water
• avoid danger
12. Take a Deep Breath
Take a breath right now. Which internal structures, or parts inside your
body, fill with air?
• The heart and lungs are organs. An organ is a
body part that performs a function.
• An organ system is a group of organs that
work together to do a job for the body.
• The respiratory system and circulatory
system work together to deliver the oxygen
needed in the bodies of many animals.
13. Let’s Recap the systems!
• The respiratory system and circulatory
system work together to deliver the
oxygen needed in the bodies of many
animals.
• The diaphragm is a muscle under the
lungs that controls breathing. When the
diaphragm contracts, it moves
downward. Air flows into the lungs.
When the diaphragm relaxes, it moves
upward, and air is pushed out of the
lungs.
• The heart moves blood to the lungs,
where the blood picks up oxygen. The
heart then pumps the blood carrying
oxygen around the body.
14. Let’s Recap the systems!
• Blood delivers oxygen to different
parts of the body.
• Blood carries nutrients from
digested food, which the body
uses to produce energy and to
make and replace materials.
• Blood also takes wastes away
from cells in the body.
Blood is usually in the veins and
arteries of the circulatory system.
The Digestive System The Excretory System
• Food enters the body through the mouth. Chewing helps
break down the food before it’s swallowed.
• When you swallow, food moves down a tube called the
esophagus and into the stomach.
• The stomach is a muscular bag that mashes and mixes
the food with substances that help break it down.
• In the small intestine, chemicals help break down food.
These nutrients are absorbed by the body and move into
the blood.
• The blood distributes the nutrients to the rest of the
body.
• The remaining material moves to the large intestine,
where water and minerals are absorbed by the body.
• Solid waste is formed and then passes out of the body.
19. Body Senses
• The skeletal system gives structure, support, and protection to the
softer parts of the body.
• The brain is the central processing organ and is protected by the
skeletal system.
• The nervous system contains two kinds of nerves: those that send
information to the brain and those that send information from the
brain to body.
• The spinal cord is a bundle of special nerve fibers and tissue that
connects almost all the parts of the body to the brain.
20. Skin Deep
Skin is the largest organ and contains special structures called receptors. Receptors
respond to changes inside and outside the body and report them to your nervous
system.
• Touch and pressure receptors react to how hard, soft,
rough, or smooth an object is.
• Temperature receptors in your skin react to the
temperature of the ice cube and send nerve signals to the
brain.
• Pain receptors send information about the pain to the
central nervous system.
22. 1-Which structure helps keep a penguin warm?
Choose the correct answer.
a) beak
b) eyes
c) claws
d) Feathers
2-Canada geese are landing in a quiet city playground. More people start using the playground. This
causes many geese to fly away. In the following weeks, fewer geese land in the playground. Which
sentence most likely explains why there are fewer geese?
Choose the correct answer.
a) They were scared and learned not to come back to that place.
b) They were separated from their mates and left to find them.
c) They could not find food, so they went to another place to eat
d) They could not hear each other, so they went to a quieter place.
Answers 1-d ,2-a
23. 3-Which organs work closely together to help a lion find food?
a) ears, fur, heart
b) eyes, nose, brain
c) eyes, lungs, heart
d) nose, fur, stomach
4-Cats have sense receptors in their whiskers. Whiskers help cats figure out the size and
location of objects. Which result could happen if a cat lost its whiskers?
a) The cat would be less likely to keep warm on a cold day.
b) The cat would not be able to know if a food is safe to eat.
c) The cat would be less likely to land on its feet after a fall.
d) The cat would not be able to know if it could fit in a small space.
Answers 3-b,4-d
24. 5-Squirrels eat fruits and nuts. They look for food during the day. At night, they stay in their
shelters. Which best explains why squirrels are not out at night?
a) Squirrels need to stay warm at night.
b) There is not enough food for squirrels at night.
c) Squirrels need to take care of their young at night.
d) There is not enough light for squirrels to see at night.
6-Snowshoe hares live in wooded areas. In the summer, their fur is brown. In the winter,
their fur is white. How does fur help the snowshoe hare?
a) keeps the hare warm
b) makes the hare move quickly
c) hides the hare from predators
d) allows the hare to dig burrows
e) protects the hare’s skin from being scratched Answers 5-d,6-c
40. 1. At a family reunion, people are talking about everyone’s
age. The family members all line up without saying
anyone’s exact age. What principle is the family using?
A. relative age
B. estimate age
C. absolute age
D. approximate age
2. The diagram shows three rock layers.
Which statement about the age of the rock layers is correct?
A.The top layer is oldest.
B.The middle layer is oldest.
C.The bottom layer is oldest.
D.All layers are the same age.
3. Joanie brought home several different items
from the beach. Which item is a fossil?
A. a clam that died on the way home
B. a rock with an imprint of a seashell
C. a clump of seashells stuck together
D. two seashell halves that fit together
41. 4- Which conclusion can be made about a fossil that appears in many rock layers?
A. The fossil is useful for scientists.
B. The organism lived in many places in the world.
C. The organism lived for a geologically long period of time.
D. The organism lived for a geologically short period of time.
5-Plants and animals become fossilized in several different ways.
Which object fossilized most recently?
A.A B. B C. C D. D
6 -A rock layer on the side of a cliff looks bent. The rock layer looks like wave. Which of these most likely caused
this?
A. earthquake
B. moving glacier
C. wind and water
D. heat and pressure
42. 7 - Devon wants to know if the rock he found is older than the rock Sue found. Which step will not help Devon
find his answer?
A. Compare the weight and size of each rock.
B. Decide the relative age of his rock to Sue’s rock.
C. Count the number of rock layers above the layer he found his rock.
D. Compare the location where he found his rock to where Sue found her rock.
8- Raj places three newspapers flat in a box. He places a pebble on the top newspaper. Raj places three more
newspapers
on top of the pebble. He finishes by placing a different pebble on the very top layer newspaper. What is Raj most
likely demonstrating?
A. how a fault forms underground
B. how a canyon forms in rock layers
C. how to determine the relative ages of the rocks
D. how rocks move from deep in Earth to Earth’s surface
9-What does the fossil record refer to?
A. a recording of fossil names
B. an encyclopedia of fossil photos
C. the fossils in a layer being studied
D. all fossils in the rock layers on Earth
43. 10-The diagram shows some rock layers.
Which of these most likely caused the feature labeled X in the diagram?
A.earthquake
B.erosion
C.landslide
D.volcano
11- Some fossils are better than others to use for determining the age of a rock layer. Which feature of a fossil would
make it better for determining the age of a rock layer?
A. It is similar to other fossils.
B. It is found in only one location.
C. It is of an organism that existed for only a short amount of time.
D. It is of an organism that had only very small population numbers.
44. 12-The Green River Formation in Wyoming is made of layers of rock that contain fabulous fish fossils. The picture
shows the type of fossils that are found in these rocks.
What most likely occurred to allow the fish to be preserved so well?
A.The fish got buried in sediment.
B.The fish got moved along until it landed in a safe quiet place.
C.Animals ate the fish so the bones were clean and ready to turn to fossils.
D.Temperature and pressure increased until conditions were right to form fossils.
13-A class took a field trip to look at some rock layers and the fossils in the rock. The fossils found in each rock layer are
shown.
Which fossil is the youngest?
A.trilobite
B.cow skull
C.clamshell
D.dinosaur bone
45. 14-The picture shows a Mesosaurus fossil and a drawing of what scientists think Mesosaurus
looked like.
Which living organism looks most like the Mesosaurus, and where did it likely live?
A. lizard, in trees
B. snake, on land
C. alligator, in water
D. frog, on land and in water
15.Which fossil’s relative age cannot be determined based on its position?
A. a fossil found in every rock layer
B. a fossil found in the top rock layer
C. a fossil found in a middle rock layer
D. a fossil found in the bottom rock layer
16-Which conditions typically cause a landslide?
A. ice
B. grass
C. rain
D. sunlight
