1. The document discusses the different levels of biological organization from cells to the biosphere. It provides examples and definitions for each level, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.
2. Questions are provided to assess understanding of the levels of organization, with answers to choose from. Example questions ask about the simplest ecological level, what differentiates organs from tissues, and which level involves groups of similar cells working together.
3. Drawings and diagrams are included to illustrate concepts like organ systems and the levels of organization.
CBSE Class 11 Biology Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
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CBSE Class 11 and 12 PCM Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 Biology Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 PCB Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
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Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
2. LIFE PERFORMANCE OUTCOME
As a Christ-centered Paulinian, I am courageous,
resourceful explorer and a problem solver demonstrating
my creativity and charism.
8. Biology
• Biology is defined as the branch of science which deals
with the study of life of all the organisms on Earth.
• It is coined from the two Greek Words “Bios”which means
“life” and “logos” which means “study of”.
9. • All living things exhibit a unique and complex hierarchical
organization.
• This is arranged in ascending order or from lowest to the
highest level.
10. Example
• You are composed of many parts and each part has
specific function.
• Every part is interrelated and is necessary for your
continuous existence on this planet
11.
12. 1. Cells
• The basic structural and functional unit of life.
• They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from
food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out
specialized functions. Cells also contain the body's
hereditary material and can make copies of themselves.
examples: Prokaryotes, White
blood cells, Epithelial
cells, Bacteria, Yeast
13. 2.Tissues
• A group of cells that work together to perform a specific
task.
examples:
Epithelial,
Connective, Nervous,
Muscle
14. 3. Organs
• A group of different tissues that form a singular unit and
perform a similar function.
• examples: Heart, brain, kidney, skin
15. 4. Organ system
• A group of organs that interact to perform a similar
function,
• examples: Digestive system,
Excretory system
16. 5. Organism
• An individual living thing that can be unicellular or
multicellular.
• an individual living thing that carries on the activities of life
by means of organs which have separate functions but
are dependent on each other
• examples: Humans, Bird, Earthworm, Plant, Bacteria,
Yeast
17. 6. Population
• All organisms of the same group or species living in a
particular geographical area and capable of interbreeding.
• examples: Hawks, barred owls, and eagles on Davao
18. 7. Community
• An interacting group of various species in a common
location.
• examples: insects in the Pond, animals in the grassland
19. 8.Ecosystem
• It contains all the communities that interact in a specific
area.
• examples: Deciduous forest,Coniferous forest,
20. 9. Biosphere
• It is made up of all parts of the Earth where life exists.
• example: Earth, where life exists
29. word box
• 1.Organisms are characterized based on its organization.
It follows an order from lowest to highest,
__________ ,tissues, organs, _______ , organism
population, __________ ,ecosystem , biosphere.
30. • 2.Each part of a/n __________ is necessary for survival.
Whatever happens to any of these parts affect the others.
31. • 3.__________ are group of tissues in a living organism
that performs similar function.
32. • 4.When many cells of the same kind are together in a
group, it is called __________.
33. • 5.__________ are group of organisms belonging to the
same type that live in the same area.
34. • The __________ level of biological organization is called
Biosphere.
35. Side 1 Side 2 Side 3
Cells The basic structural and functional unit of life. Prokaryotes, White blood cells, Epithelial cells, Bacteria, Yeast
Tissues A group of cells that work together to perform a specific task. Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscle
Organs A group of different tissues that form a singular unit and perform a similar function. Heart, brain, kidney, skin
Organ systems A group of organs that interact to perform a similar function, Circulatory system, Digestive system, Excretory system,
Organism An individual living thing that can be unicellular or multicellular. Humans, Bird, Earthworm, Plant, Bacteria, Yeast
Population All organisms of the same group or species living in a particular geographical area and capable of interbreeding. Hawks, barred owls, and eagles on Davao
Community An interacting group of various species in a common location
Pond, Grassland, Deep ocean, Forest of trees and undergrowth, Plants
inhabited by animals and rooted in soil containing bacteria and fungi
Ecosystem It contains all the communities that interact in a specific area. Deciduous forest, Coniferous forest,
Biosphere It is made up of all parts of the Earth where life exists. Earth, where life exists
37. ASSESMENT
• Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the letter of your answers in your Science activity
notebook.
38. 1.Which of the following is the simplest level of
ecological organization?
A. A population
B.A community
C.An ecosystem
D.An individual or species
39. 2.The organ systems of plants consist of the root and
shoot systems. Why is it important for these organ
systems to work together?
A.To grow and survive
B.To avoid pests and other animals
C.To avoid floods and strong winds
D.To survive droughts and earthquakes
40. 3.Which of the following differentiates organs from
tissues?
A.Organs and tissues are made up of cells.
B.Organs and tissues make up an organ system.
C.Organs make up organ system; cells make up tissues.
D.Organs make up organ system; tissues make up organs.
41. 4.What level of biological organization is made up of
a group of similar cells that perform a specific
function?
• A.Organ
• B.Organism
• C.System
• D.Tissue
42. 5.At which smallest level of organization in an
organism can the characteristics of life be carried
out?
A.Cell
B.Organ
C.Organ System
D.Tissues
43. 6.Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the
group?
A.Eyes
B.Large Intestine
C.Mouth
D.Stomach
44. For Item number 7, refer to the image below.
7.To which level of biological organization does the
picture belong?
A.Cell
B.Organ
C.Organism
D.Organism
45. 8.Which of the following is a population?
A.Mountain stream
B.All the frogs in a pond
C.Hawks, barred owls, and eagles on Davao
D.Blue-tailed skinks (lizards) and snakes around a barn
46. 9.What level of biological organization is being
referred to when many organ systems work
together?
A.Cells
B.Organ
C.Organism
D.Organ System
47. 11.How do you call a group of same species living
together?
A.Biome
B.Community
C.Ecosystem
D.Population
48. 12.Which is the correct sequence – from the lowest
to highest– of the levels of organization in an
organism?
A.Cells,Tissues, Organs,Organ systems,Organisms,Population
Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
B.Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems
Organisms Community Population Ecosystem Biosphere
C.Cells Organs Tissues Organ systems
Organisms Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere
D.Cells Tissues Organs systems Organ Organisms
Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere .
49. 13.Which of the following units is the highest level of
biological system?
A.Biosphere
B.Community
C.Ecosystem
Population
50. 14.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Groups of organs working together are called cells.
B.Groups of cells working together are called tissues.
C.Groups of organs working together are called organisms.
D. Groups of tissues working together are called organ
system
51. 15.How do you call the collection of organisms that
belong to different populations but all live in the same
area and interact with one another?
A.Community
B.Ecosphere
C.Ecosystem
D.Population
