LVR Location and DesignLVR Location and Design
Low-Volume Road Costs
Gordon Keller, PE, GE
Geotechnical Engineer
grkeller@fs.fed.us or
gordonrkeller@gmail.com
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Use All Sources ofUse All Sources of
InformationInformation
– Topographic Maps
– Photos
– Employees/workers familiar
with the area
– The existing road network
– Areas of Private Lands
– Soils maps and geologic conditions
Identify Points of Control on
the map
• Starting Point
• Ending Point
Community
Market
Identify Points of Control on
the map
• Intermediate Control
Points
• Creek Crossings
• Saddles
Rock Outcrops
• Road Intersections
1010
Identify “Identify “Red FlagRed Flag” areas to” areas to
be avoided!be avoided!
• Areas of unstable soils
• Wet areas/flat areas
• Steep slopes
• Rocky areas
• Major river crossings or other barriers
• Private Lands
• Special areas/ biological/archeological
8
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Дорога повинна повторюватиДорога повинна повторювати
природні контури рельєфуприродні контури рельєфу
17
Мінімальний ухил дороги повинен складати
2-3%
Максимальний ухил дороги не повинен
перевищувати12-15%
1212
Road GradesRoad Grades
• The minimum road grade
should be 2-3%
• The maximum road grade
should be less than 10-
12%, depending upon:
– Soil Types
Erosiveness of the soil
The type of
trucks/vehicles
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Специфікація
Сільська під'їзна
дорога
Колекторна
дорога
Номінальна швидкість25-35 км/год 45-60 км/год
Ширина дороги 3.5-4.5 м 4-5.5 м
Ухил дороги 15% макс. 12% макс.
Радіус повороту 15 м. мін. 25 м. мін.
Нахил До/ від схилу (5%)
До/від схилу або
випуклість(5%)
Тип покриття
Природнє або
гравій
гравій, тверде
покриття
Норми проектування типової дороги з
низькою інтенсивністю руху
Construction Requirements
602.03 General. Furnish culvert pipe with a wall thickness not less than
that shown in the plans or determined from the fill-height tables included in the
plans. Use the same material and coating on contiguous pipe sections and
special sections (such as elbows and branch connections). For culvert
extensions, furnish the same material as the existing culvert.
602.04 Laying Concrete Pipe and Precast Concrete Box
Culverts. Start at the lower end and lay the bell or groove end upgrade. Fully
join sections with leak-resistant seals using one of the following methods:
602.08 Acceptance. Material for culverts, drains, and precast concrete
box culverts furnished will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.
Installation of culverts, drains and precast concrete box culverts will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.
Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.
Measurement- Payment
602.10 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of
measurement for the Section 602 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment
will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection
109.05.
Importance of RoadingImportance of Roading
• Code of Forest Practice
– Poorly designed or maintained timber production
roads have the potential to create significant
environmental impacts, particularly on water
quality and river health.
– Plans for roads must be based on field surveys to
ensure that all environmentally sensitive locations
are identified and appropriate design and
construction techniques are adopted.
• VicForests Roading Instruction
– The cost of providing road works is significant
and is therefore an important business process that
requires thorough and appropriate financial and
environmental planning and approval's processes.
Lachlan Spencer, VicForests Road Planner
Editor's Notes
Some suggestions to consider in new construction, slide has recommended slopes for excavation in soil and rock