To explore the experiences of White administrators (professional staff) at Christian institutions of higher education within the United States how have demonstrated a commitment to social justice.

1. American Tales of Social
Justice Engagement
Joe Slavens, Research Assistant, Azusa Pacific University
Dr. Alex Jun, Jennifer Akamine, Allison Ash, Sharia Brock, Karen
Clark, Angie Hambrick, Kelley Montz, Nate Risdon,
and Greg Veltman
National Centre for Student
Equity in Higher Education
Perth, WA

2. Roadmap
 Introduction
 The Research
 Discussion
 Implications
 Questions

3. Purpose
To explore the experiences of White
administrators [professional staff] at Christian
institutions of higher education within the
United States who have demonstrated a
commitment to social justice.

4. Literature
 Whiteness
 Christian higher education
 Social Justice Alliances
 Research Gap

5. Conceptual Framework
Critical White Studies (CWS)
Understanding “what it means to be white, how whiteness
became established legally, the phenomenon of white
power and white supremacy, and the group of privileges
that come with membership in the dominant race”
(Delgado & Stefancic, 1997, p. 83)

6. Research Question
“What characterizes the experiences of White
administrators [professional staff] from Christian
institutions of higher education within the
United States who choose to engage in social
justice programs, activities, and initiatives?”

7. Social Justice
To move “beyond mere appreciation or
celebration into active efforts to examine and
dismantle oppressive structures and policies and
move toward a more equitable vision for the
institution and its members” (Thompson,
Hardee, & Lane, 2011, p. 112).

8. Participants and Researchers
• Criteria
• Six women and 11 men
• Eight from the West Coast, one from
the South, and eight from the Midwest
• Institutions: predominately White and
varied in faith orientation (evangelical
and Catholic )
• Positionality of Researchers

9. Methods
 Narrative w/ Grounded Theory approaches
 Interviews
 Transcriptions
 Analysis on at least five distinct occasions as a team,
refining, coding, “comparing coding with other
coders, re-reading” (Maxwell, 2013, p. 130)
 Member-checking
 Triangulation
 Re-storied themes, culminated in two models

10. Findings: What We Learned
1. Centrality of Theology and Faith to Social Justice
 “the idea is how do we make earth like heaven as much as possible?”
 “a calling from Scripture to be about this business of making the world reflect more the way
that God intended it to function...the values Scripture teaches for what the Kingdom of God
looks like that Jesus came to bring.”
2. Aspirations for and Frustrations with Christian Higher
Education (faith helps and hurts)
 “At [my institution] I think I’m sort of viewed as an anomaly which I took pride in that for a
while but…I wish it was just like you know, I wish that more people [were] involved…”
 “I feel like oftentimes I’m pegged as the squeaky wheel in things…I feel like the dissenter or
the voice of difference and so even my value of caring about that, having difference
represented in a place, compels me to stay.”
3. Cycle of Critical Consciousness (Model)
4. Awareness and Engagement Continuum (Model)

11. Cycle of Critical Consciousness

13. Limitations and Future Research
 Location and gender imbalance of
participants
 Race focus
 Nomination and self-selection
 Individual change vs. institutional change
 Faith-based institutions

14. Engagement and Questions
 Joe Slavens: jslavens09@apu.edu
 rjhe.org
 Questions
 This study was partially funded by the Azusa Pacific University Faculty Research
Council.