Raad Z. Homod

1. Measuring Device for Human
Comfort Sensation by Converting
Fanger Formula Using Applications
of Artificial Intelligence
‫معادلة‬ ‫بتحويل‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫قياس‬ ‫جهاز‬
‫الذكاء‬ ‫تطبيقات‬ ‫احد‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫فانكر‬
‫االصطناعي‬
Ass. Prof. Dr. Raad Z. Homod ‫حمود‬ ‫زعالن‬ ‫رعد‬ .‫أ.م.د‬
Basra University for Oil and Gas
Department of Oil and Gas Engineering
‫والغاز‬ ‫للنفط‬ ‫البصرة‬ ‫جامعة‬
‫والغاز‬ ‫النفط‬ ‫هندسة‬ ‫قسم‬
Abstract
Previously it was used the temperature to evaluate human comfort, later be clarified that humidity significantly affected on thermal
sensation comfort. Throughout the study of thermal comfort, it has been shown that more four factors have an impact on the human
sensation, these factors are relative air velocity, radiant temperature, clothing insulation and metabolic rate. Model’s Fanger is
carried out by implicit empirical equation based on nonlinear numerical methods, it is difficult to use in real time application.
Therefore, this work devoted to formalize this model into hybrid layers structure by represented as a fuzzy predicted mean vote
(PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD) model which is regarded as a white-box model. In order to be able to
achieve a very small error using a Tagaki Sugeno Kang (TSK) fuzzy model and tuned by Gauss-Newton method for nonlinear
regression algorithm. This also significantly reduces the number of iterations and number of rules further, provides small margin
error when compared with neuro-fuzzy model tuned using the backpropagation algorithm with its notorious long training time
requirement. The main reason for the models is to obtain a proper reference signal for the heating, ventilating and air conditioning
(HVAC) system. The model is tested on a wide range of parameter variation. The corresponding results show that a good modelling
capability is achieved without employing any complicated optimization procedures for structure identification with the TSK model.
‫الملخص‬
‫كؤ‬ ‫ؤكؤل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫عؤلؤيؤهؤا‬ ‫تؤثرؤر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫الرطوبة‬ ‫بان‬ ‫اتضح‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫لقياس‬ ‫الوحيد‬ ‫المقياس‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫بان‬ ‫يعتقد‬ ‫كان‬ ‫قديما‬‫بؤيؤر‬‫ا‬ ‫رؤا‬ ‫ومؤن‬ ,‫ﺜبتت‬
‫وهي‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تثرر‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫اربعة‬ ‫هناك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫الدراسات‬١-‫الهواء‬ ‫سرعة‬٢-‫االشعاعية‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬٣-‫المالبس‬ ‫عازلية‬٤-‫الؤعؤمؤل‬ ‫طؤبؤيؤعؤة‬
‫فانكر‬ ‫العالا‬ ‫قام‬ .‫يزاوله‬ ‫الذي‬(Fanger)‫واحدة‬ ‫تجريبية‬ ‫بمعادلة‬ ‫الستة‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫بتوحيد‬(Empirical Equation)‫ؤيؤر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضؤمؤنؤيؤة‬ ‫لكونها‬ ً‫ا‬‫جد‬ ‫معـقدة‬ ‫بانها‬ ‫وتمتاز‬
‫خطية‬(Implicit Nonlinear)‫من‬ ‫اكﺜر‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫حيث‬02‫الؤعؤدديؤة‬ ‫بؤالؤطؤرد‬ ‫اال‬ ‫حؤلؤهؤا‬ ‫الصعب‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫ديناميكي‬ ‫معامل‬(Numerical Methods)‫بؤاسؤتؤخؤدام‬
‫التكرار‬(Iteration loops)‫فؤي‬ ‫جؤديؤدة‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫التوصل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تمكنت‬ ‫لقد‬ .‫الرقمية‬ ‫باالجهزة‬ ‫تمﺜيلها‬ ‫واليمكن‬ ‫مباشر‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫منها‬ ‫االستفادة‬ ‫اليمكن‬ ‫وعليه‬
‫تصميم‬‫مهجنة‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫هيئة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصناعية‬ ‫العصبية‬ ‫الخاليا‬ ‫من‬ ‫شبكة‬(Hybrid Layers)‫واالوزان‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫خاليا‬ ‫من‬(parameters and weights)‫معادلة‬ ‫لتمﺜيل‬
‫المضببه‬ ‫النماذج‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫احد‬ ‫هيكل‬ ‫بتحويل‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫االبعاد‬ ‫سداسية‬ ‫عصبية‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫هيئة‬ ‫على‬ ‫فانكر‬(Fuzzy model structure)‫والمسؤمؤى‬ ‫خطي‬ ‫ير‬ ‫بكونه‬ ‫يمتاز‬ ‫والذي‬
(Tagaki Sugeno Kang)‫ضبطت‬ ‫را‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫هندسي‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫في‬ ‫مرتبة‬ ‫خاليا‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫على‬ ‫مهجنة‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫الى‬(tuning)‫نؤيؤوتؤن‬ ‫خؤوارزمؤيؤات‬ ‫احؤد‬ ‫بؤواسؤطؤة‬ ‫األوزان‬ ‫قيا‬
‫الالخطية‬(Gauss-Newton method for nonlinear regression algorithm)‫الؤخؤزن‬ ‫اجؤزاء‬ ‫بؤواسؤطؤة‬ ‫تؤمؤﺜؤيؤلؤهؤا‬ ‫تؤا‬ ‫الؤمؤهؤجؤنؤة‬ ‫الطبقؤات‬ ‫وهذه‬(chipset
memory)‫الحاسوب‬ ‫مع‬ ‫البيني‬ ‫السطح‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫وذلك‬(computer interface to chipset burn) (computer interface to chipset burn).‫و‬‫أظهرت‬ ‫قد‬
‫استخدام‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫الحقيقية‬ ‫والنتائج‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫بين‬ ‫التفرقة‬ ‫المتطوعين‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬ ‫يستطع‬ ‫لا‬ ‫بحيث‬ ً‫ا‬‫جد‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫دقة‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫إختبار‬ ‫نتائج‬‫ال‬‫واألمؤاكؤن‬ ‫فيات‬ ‫المست‬ ‫في‬ ‫جهاز‬
.‫لألنسان‬ ‫مريح‬ ‫ظرف‬ ‫لتوفير‬ ‫الحديﺜة‬ ‫المركزي‬ ‫للتكييف‬ ‫الذكية‬ ‫التحكا‬ ‫اجهزة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫وكذلك‬ ‫والمنزل‬ ‫العامة‬
①‫المقدمة‬
‫العالميةة‬ ‫المعايير‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫تعرف‬(ISO/DIS-7730 and
ASHRAE Standard 55-04)‫يةبةيةن‬ ‫ونيةنةو‬ ‫داخةيةو‬ ‫شعور‬ ‫بانها‬
‫الةحةرار‬ .‫االحسةا‬ ‫حةية‬ ‫مةن‬ ‫بةح‬ ‫المةحةيةبةة‬ ‫لالجواء‬ ‫البشر‬ ‫قبول‬ ‫مدى‬
‫ابةرايةا‬ ‫مةن‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫مقدار‬ .‫لقيا‬ ‫استعميت‬ ‫معاير‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫ويناك‬
‫الةربةبةة‬ ‫الةحةرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ .‫مقيا‬(١)
(wet bulb temperature Tw)
‫المةثرةرة‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫ودرجة‬(٢)
(effective temperature ET)‫ودرجةة‬
‫الةاةعةالةة‬ ‫الحةرارة‬(٣)
(operative temperature OpT)‫والةحةرارة‬
‫المقةبةولةة‬ ‫النسبية‬(٤)
(thermal acceptance ratio TAR)‫ودرجةة‬
‫ةة‬ ‫والةجةا‬ ‫الرببةة‬ ‫البصيية‬ ‫حرارة‬(٥)
(wet bulb dry temperature
WBDT)‫الخ‬
‫يةهةا‬ ‫االبرا‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ .‫لقيا‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫المعايير‬ ‫كررة‬ ‫من‬ ‫بالرغم‬
‫ُّةث‬‫ب‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ‫المتوسب‬ ‫المنتخب‬ ‫الدليل‬ .‫مقيا‬ ‫يو‬ ً‫ال‬‫استعما‬ ‫واوسع‬ ‫دقة‬ ‫واكررين‬
(predicted mean vote (PMV) index)‫ةنا‬‫ة‬‫ي‬ ‫ةر‬‫ة‬‫ةوي‬‫ة‬‫ةب‬‫ة‬‫ت‬ ‫ةم‬‫ة‬‫ت‬ ‫ةد‬‫ة‬‫وق‬
‫انكر‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعيار‬(٦)
(Fanger)‫سنة‬ ‫و‬2791‫م‬
‫اسةتةعةمةال‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫يو‬ ‫النمونج‬ ‫ين‬ ‫تمريل‬ ‫و‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫الن‬ ‫الحقيقو‬ ‫التحسن‬ ‫ان‬
‫ةبةب‬ ‫الةمة‬ ‫الةنةمةونج‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫األصبناعو‬ ‫النكاء‬ ‫تقنية‬(TSK fuzzy
model)‫الةتةكةتةل‬ ‫مةاةهةوم‬ ‫اسةتةخةدام‬ ‫بةريةا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ونلك‬(clustering
concept)‫الةتةكةرار‬ ‫عةدد‬ ‫مةيةحةول‬ ‫بشةكةل‬ ‫قةيةل‬ ‫وينا‬(iterations)
‫ةل‬‫ة‬‫ةي‬‫ة‬‫ةي‬‫ة‬‫ق‬ ‫ةاء‬‫ة‬‫ةب‬‫ة‬‫االخ‬ ‫ةن‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫ةط‬‫ة‬‫ةام‬‫ة‬‫ي‬ ‫ةاء‬‫ة‬‫ةب‬‫ة‬‫واع‬(small margin error)‫ةد‬‫ة‬‫ةن‬‫ة‬‫ع‬
‫الةنةمةونج‬ ‫مةرةل‬ ‫االخةرى‬ ‫األصةبةنةاعةو‬ ‫الةنكةاء‬ ‫تقنيةات‬ ‫إحدى‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المقارنة‬
‫بب‬ ‫الم‬ ‫العصبو‬(neuro-fuzzy model)‫خوارامية‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫والن‬
‫الخياو‬ ‫التقدم‬(back-propagation algorithm)‫التنةيةيةم‬ ‫عميية‬ ‫و‬
(٢١)
‫بةويةل‬ ‫وقةت‬ ‫تستهيةك‬ ‫بكونها‬ ‫تمتاا‬ ‫والتو‬(٢٢)
‫الةنةمةونج‬ ‫يةنا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عةيةمةا‬
‫ةو‬ ‫المستخدمةة‬ ‫النمانج‬ ‫بين‬ ‫من‬ ‫التركيب‬ ‫ببسابة‬ ‫يمتاا‬ ‫كونح‬ ‫الى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫باال‬
‫العصبيةة‬ ‫الشبكة‬(neural network)‫الشةبةكةة‬ ‫مةن‬ ‫اسةرا‬ ‫ةهةو‬ ‫كةنلةك‬
‫االمةامةيةة‬ ‫الةتةيةنيةة‬ ‫تسةتةخةدم‬ ‫التةو‬ ‫العصبية‬(feed forward neural
network)‫مربع‬ ‫اقل‬ ‫بريقة‬ ‫من‬ ‫بكرير‬ ‫اسرا‬ ‫وكنلك‬(least square
methods)(١١-١٢)
‫الةحةالةو‬ ‫النمونج‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫باإل‬TSK model‫مةن‬
‫االبيض‬ ‫الصندوق‬ ‫نوا‬(white box model).
②‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫نمونج‬ ‫بناء‬
‫الـ‬ ‫ان‬PMV‫كالتالو‬ ‫لاانكر‬ ‫التجريبية‬ ‫بالمعادلة‬ ‫تمرييها‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫لـ‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫قيم‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫حي‬hc‫و‬pa‫و‬tcl‫و‬fcl‫الةحةصةول‬ ‫يةمةكةن‬
:‫التالية‬ ‫المعادالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫عييها‬
‫المصدر‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعادالت‬ ‫و‬ ‫المنكورة‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫عيى‬ ‫التعرف‬ ‫يمكن‬(٢٦)
‫تكتالت‬ ‫الى‬ ‫انكر‬ ‫معادلة‬ ‫مخرج‬ ‫تقبيع‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫كنلك‬(clusters)‫ينه‬ ‫وكل‬
‫بقواعةد‬ ‫تمرييها‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التكتالت‬TSK‫ةبةب‬ ‫الةمة‬(TSK fuzzy rules)
③‫والمناقشة‬ ‫النتائج‬
‫اصةبة‬ ‫الةمةهةجةنةة‬ ‫الببةقةات‬ ‫لجميع‬ ‫التنييم‬ ‫عميية‬ ‫واجراء‬ ‫النمونج‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫بعد‬
‫النمونج‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫حوصات‬ ‫اجراء‬ ‫باالمكان‬
‫حي‬‫واحةد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ةو‬ ‫والةمةقةتةر‬ ‫لةاةانةكةر‬ ‫االصةيةو‬ ‫الةنةمةونجةيةن‬ ‫تشييل‬ ‫تم‬
‫الـ‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫وبمساعدة‬Matlab‫مةتةسةاويةة‬ ‫مةدخةالت‬ ‫اعةبةاء‬ ‫تةم‬ ‫بةحةية‬
‫بسبةب‬ ‫مشجعة‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫حي‬ ‫منهما‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫المخرج‬ ‫ومقارنة‬ ‫لكاليما‬
( ‫الشةكةل‬ ‫مةن‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ونلك‬ ‫التنييم‬ ‫عميية‬ ‫و‬ ‫نيوتن‬ ‫خوارامية‬ ‫استخدام‬1)
‫لةيةخةبة‬ ‫القصةوى‬ ‫المبيقة‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫ايجاد‬ ‫تم‬ ‫االحصائية‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫ومن‬
(maximum absolute error)‫ةةع‬‫ة‬‫ةةرب‬‫ة‬‫ةةم‬‫ة‬‫ال‬ ‫ةةب‬‫ة‬‫ةةوس‬‫ة‬‫ةةت‬‫ة‬‫وم‬(mean
square error)‫ةة‬‫ة‬‫ةق‬‫ة‬‫ةي‬‫ة‬‫ةب‬‫ة‬‫ةم‬‫ة‬‫ال‬ ‫ةة‬‫ة‬‫ةم‬‫ة‬‫ةي‬‫ة‬‫ةق‬‫ة‬‫ال‬ ‫ةب‬‫ة‬‫ةوس‬‫ة‬‫ةت‬‫ة‬‫وم‬(mean absolute
error)‫يو‬2 21.7*2.-4
‫و‬9 17*2.-5
‫و‬7 722*2.-5
‫عةيةى‬
‫نةمةونج‬ ‫مرل‬ ‫قد‬ ‫المقتر‬ ‫النمونج‬ ‫بان‬ ‫القول‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫ينه‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫التوالو‬
( ‫رقم‬ ‫والشكل‬ ‫دقيا‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫انكر‬2‫األبعاد‬ ‫رالرية‬ ‫مخرجات‬ )
④‫ئة‬ ‫والتد‬ ‫التكييف‬ ‫الجهاة‬ ‫كمرجع‬ ‫الجهاا‬ ‫اعتماد‬
‫االسةتةدالل‬ ‫نلةام‬ ‫عيى‬ ‫باالعتماد‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫نمونج‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫من‬ ‫االنتهاء‬ ‫بعد‬
‫بب‬ ‫الم‬(Fuzzy Inference System)‫نوا‬TSK‫التنييم‬ ‫واجراء‬
‫الةتةو‬ ‫االمةاكةن‬ ‫ةو‬ ‫لةيةسةتةشةعةر‬ ‫تبةبةيةقةح‬ ‫باالمكان‬ ‫اصب‬ ‫المهجنة‬ ‫ليببقات‬
‫الةرةرمةوسةتةات‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يةو‬ ‫تةبةبةيةقةاتةة‬ ‫ايةم‬ ‫ومةن‬ ‫يةقةبةنةهةا‬ ‫او‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫يرتاديا‬
(thermostat)‫والةتةكةيةيةف‬ ‫ئة‬ ‫التد‬ ‫اجهاة‬ ‫و‬(HVAC Systems)
‫االسةتةعةانةة‬ ‫تةم‬ ‫االخةيةريةن‬ ‫الةعةقةديةن‬ ‫ةو‬ ‫لنلةك‬ ‫تماما‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫اليمرل‬
‫بةعةد‬ ‫يما‬ ‫و‬ ‫والتكييف‬ ‫ئة‬ ‫التد‬ ‫اجهاة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫النسبية‬ ‫بالربوبة‬
‫راحةة‬ ‫التةمةرةل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اي‬ ‫النسبية‬ ‫والربوبة‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫اربتت‬
(‫حقيقو‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫االنسان‬٢٢‫يةحةل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫الةمةقةتةر‬ ‫الةنةمةونج‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫تم‬ ‫لنلك‬ )
‫والةحةرارة‬ ‫الربوبةة‬ .‫مقيا‬ ‫محل‬(hygrothermal)‫الشةعةور‬ ‫لةيةعةبةو‬
‫الشكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫مو‬ ‫كما‬ ‫المكيف‬ ‫المكان‬ ‫للرف‬ ‫الحقيقو‬22
⑤‫الجهاا‬ ‫تببيقات‬
‫الةمةنةاال‬ ‫الحةد‬ ‫الةداخةيةيةة‬ ‫الةلةروف‬ ‫مةع‬ ‫رببح‬ ‫تم‬ ‫لقد‬ ‫النمونج‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫من‬ ‫ليتاكد‬
‫سميولنك‬ ‫بواسبة‬Simulik®( ‫الشكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫كما‬4‫الةمةتةحةكةم‬ ‫يعةمةل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وقبل‬ )
‫لةيةمةنةال‬ ‫والخةارجةو‬ ‫الداخيو‬ ‫الشعور‬ ‫استشعار‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫تتم‬ ‫لكو‬ ‫التكيف‬ ‫الجهاة‬
( ‫الشكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫كما‬ ‫الجهاا‬ ‫بريا‬ ‫عن‬5‫لشةعةور‬ ‫مبةابةقةتةة‬ ‫الوا‬ ‫من‬ ‫ان‬ ‫حي‬ )
‫مةن‬ ‫لةكةل‬ ‫والةخةارجةة‬ ‫الداخةيةيةة‬ ‫اللروف‬ ‫متابعة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫االنسان‬PPD‫و‬
PMV‫عةيةى‬ ‫ليةتةمةرةيةل‬ ‫بريقتين‬ ‫يناك‬ ‫الرقمية‬ ‫االجهاة‬ ‫عيى‬ ‫النمونج‬ ‫ولتمريل‬
‫ونلةك‬ ‫اتةبةاعةهةا‬ ‫تةم‬ ‫حي‬ ‫تجارية‬ ‫النها‬ ‫االرخص‬ ‫ويو‬ ‫االولى‬ ‫الرقمية‬ ‫االجهاة‬
‫الةحةاسةوب‬ ‫مةع‬ ‫بةيةنةو‬ ‫وصل‬ ‫بريا‬ ‫عن‬(computer interface)‫ونةقةل‬
‫عمل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مرل‬ ‫المعيومات‬Ramakrishnan and Conrad‫اسةتةخةدم‬ ‫حيةن‬
M16C/62P‫بالشكل‬ ‫المو‬ ‫الجهاا‬ ‫و‬ ‫كما‬24‫هةو‬ ‫الرانية‬ ‫البريقة‬ ‫اما‬
‫عةيةى‬ ‫تةحةويةيةة‬ ‫يةتةم‬ ‫حي‬ ‫الرمن‬ ‫وغالية‬ ‫تعييمية‬field-programmable
gate array (FPGA)( ‫الشكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫كما‬6)
⑥‫المصادر‬
J.S. Haldaner (1905), “The influence of high air temperature” J Hyg 5, 494-513.
FC Houghton, C.P. Yaglou (1923), “Determining equal comfort lines” J Am Soc Heat Vent Engrs 29, 165-76.
C.E.A Winslow, L.P. Herrington, A.P. Gagge (1938), “Physiological reactions and sensation of pleasantness under
varying atmospheric conditions” Trans american society of heating and ventilating engineers (ASHVE) 44, 179-96.
M. Ionides, J. Plumer, P.A. Siple (1945) “The thermal acceptance ration” Interm report No 1, Climatology and
Environmental protection section US OQMG.
R.F. Wallace, D. Kriebel, L. Punnett, D.H. Wegman, C.B. Wenger, J.W. Gardner, R.R. Gonzales, (2005), “the effct of
continous hot weather training on risk of exertional heat illness” Mwd Sci Sports Exerc 37, 84-90.
P.O. Fanger, (1972),”Thermal comfort analysis and applications in environmental engineering” New York: McGraw-
Hill.
A. M. Humphreys, J. F. Nicol, (2002),“The validity of ISO-PMV for predicting comfort votes in every-day thermal
environments” Energy and Buildings, Volume 34, Pages 667-684.
M.S. Jang, C.D. Koh, I.S. Moon ,(2007),”Review of thermal comfort design based on PMV/PPD in cabins of Korean
maritime patrol vessels” Building and Environment, Volume 42,Pages 55-61.
R. D. A. Francesca, I. P. Boris, Giuseppe R.,(2011)” The Role of Measurement Accuracy on the Thermal Environment
Assessment by means of PMV Index” Building and Environment, July 2011; 46(7): 1361e9.
R. Yao, B. Li, J. Liu, (2009) ”A theoretical adaptive model of thermal comfort – Adaptive Predicted Mean Vote
(aPMV)” Building and Environment, Volume 44, Pages 2089-2096.
S. Atthajariyakul, T. Leephakpreeda, (2005),” Neural computing thermal comfort index for HVAC systems” Energy
Conversion and Management, Volume 46, Pages 2553-2565.
S. Atthajariyakul, T. Leephakpreeda,(2004),”Real-time determination of optimal indoor-air condition for thermal
comfort, air quality and efficient energy usage” Energy and Buildings, Volume 36, Pages 720-733.
M. Kumar, I.N. Kar, (2009) “Non-linear HVAC computations using least square support vector machines” Energy
Conversion and Management volum 50 , pages 1411–1418.
J. Liang, R. Du, (2008) “Design of intelligent comfort control system with human learning and minimum power
control strategies” Energy Conversion and Management 49, 517–528.
F. Calvino, M. L. Gennusa, M. Morale, G. Rizzo, G. Scaccianoce, (2010) “Comparing different control strategies for
indoor thermal comfort aimed at the evaluation of the energy cost of quality of building” Applied Thermal
Engineering, 30, (16), Pp. 2386-2395.
( ‫شكل‬6‫المتحكمات‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫االلكترونية‬ ‫الدائرة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الراحة‬ .‫قيا‬ ‫جهاا‬ ‫تمريل‬ ‫):يمكن‬
( ‫شكل‬2‫الشكل‬ ‫انحراف‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫عيى‬ ‫النسبية‬ ‫الربوبة‬ ‫تارير‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫يو‬ :)
( ‫شكل‬4‫المكيف‬ ‫ليحيا‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫اكرر‬ ‫ير‬ ‫لتو‬ ‫التكيف‬ ‫اجهاة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الستخدام‬ ‫مخبب‬ :)
( ‫شكل‬5‫الراحة‬ .‫قيا‬ ‫جهاا‬ :)PMV‫خالل‬ ‫المناال‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫الداخيية‬ ‫اللروف‬ ‫يلهر‬14‫ساعة‬
( ‫شكل‬1‫الخب‬ ‫تقييل‬ ‫بريا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ونلك‬ ‫واالواان‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫من‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫المهجنة‬ ‫الببقات‬ ‫تنييم‬ :)
( ‫شكل‬2‫اخرى‬ ‫جهة‬ ‫من‬ ‫التكتل‬ ‫ومركا‬ ‫جهة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المنبقو‬ ‫االول‬ ‫والشبر‬ ‫القوام‬ ‫من‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫العالقة‬ :)
( ‫جدول‬2‫ومدياتها‬ ‫النمونج‬ ‫مدخالت‬ ‫و‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫المتييرات‬ ‫يبين‬ )

2. First International Conference for Invention, University of Babylon, 28-29-November-2018

3. : ‫الملخص‬-
‫بان‬ ‫اتضح‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫لقياس‬ ‫الوحيد‬ ‫المقياس‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫بان‬ ‫يعتقد‬ ‫كان‬ ‫قديما‬
,‫كبير‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫الرطوبة‬‫ومن‬‫ثم‬‫اﺜبتﺕ‬‫الدراساﺕ‬‫العلمية‬‫أخرى‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫اربعة‬ ‫هناك‬ ‫أن‬
‫وهي‬ ‫االنسان‬ ‫راحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬١-‫الهواء‬ ‫سرعة‬٢-‫االشعاعية‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬٣-‫ع‬‫المالبس‬ ‫ازلية‬٤-
‫فانكر‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫قام‬ .‫يزاوله‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫طبيعة‬(Fanger)‫واحدة‬ ‫تجريبية‬ ‫بمعادلة‬ ‫الستة‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫بتوحيد‬
(Empirical Equation)‫وتمتاز‬‫بانها‬‫معـقدة‬‫جدا‬‫لكونها‬‫ضمنية‬‫وغير‬‫خطية‬(Implicit
Nonlinear)‫حيث‬‫تحتوي‬‫على‬‫اكﺜر‬‫من‬20‫معامل‬‫ديناميكي‬‫ومن‬‫الصعب‬‫حلها‬‫اال‬‫بالطرق‬‫العددية‬
(Numerical Methods)‫باستخدام‬‫التكرار‬(Iteration loops)‫وعليه‬‫اليمكن‬‫االستفادة‬‫منها‬‫بشكل‬
‫مباشر‬‫واليمكن‬‫تمﺜيلها‬‫باالجهزة‬‫الرقمية‬.‫لقد‬‫تمكنت‬‫الدراسة‬ ‫هذه‬‫من‬‫التوصل‬‫إلى‬‫طريقة‬‫جديدة‬‫في‬‫تصميم‬
‫شبكة‬‫من‬‫الخاليا‬‫العصبية‬‫الصناعية‬‫على‬‫هيئة‬‫طبقاﺕ‬‫مهجنة‬(Hybrid Layers)‫من‬‫خاليا‬‫العوامل‬
‫واالوزان‬(parameters and weights)‫لتمﺜيل‬‫معادلة‬‫فانكر‬‫على‬‫هيئة‬‫شبكة‬‫عصبية‬‫سداسية‬‫االبعاد‬
‫ب‬ ‫وذلك‬‫تحويل‬‫هيكل‬‫احد‬‫انواع‬‫النماذج‬‫المضببه‬(Fuzzy model structure)‫والذي‬‫يمتاز‬‫بكونه‬‫غير‬
‫خطي‬‫والمسمى‬(Tagaki Sugeno Kang)‫الى‬‫طبقاﺕ‬‫مهجنة‬‫شكل‬ ‫على‬‫خاليا‬‫مرتبة‬‫في‬‫نظام‬‫هندسي‬
‫ومن‬‫ثم‬‫ضبطت‬(tuning)‫األوزان‬ ‫قيم‬‫بواسطة‬‫احد‬‫خوارزمياﺕ‬‫نيوتن‬‫الالخطية‬(Gauss-Newton
method for nonlinear regression algorithm)‫وهذه‬‫الطبقاﺕ‬‫المهجنة‬‫تم‬‫تمﺜيلها‬‫بواسطة‬‫اجزاء‬
‫الخزن‬(chipset memory)‫وذلك‬‫عن‬‫طريق‬‫السطح‬‫البيني‬‫مع‬‫الحاسوب‬(computer interface to
chipset burn)(computer interface to chipset burn).‫وقد‬‫أظهرﺕ‬‫نتائج‬‫إختبار‬‫هذا‬‫الجهاز‬
‫دقة‬‫عالية‬‫جدا‬‫بحيث‬‫لم‬‫يستطع‬‫أي‬‫من‬‫المتطوعين‬‫التفرقة‬‫بين‬‫الجهاز‬ ‫نتائج‬‫و‬‫النتائج‬‫الحقيقية‬‫ويمكن‬
‫استخدام‬‫الجهاز‬‫في‬‫المستشفياﺕ‬‫واألماكن‬‫العامة‬‫والمنزل‬‫وكذلك‬‫يمكن‬‫ربط‬‫الجهاز‬‫مع‬‫اجهزة‬‫التحكم‬
‫الذكية‬‫للتكييف‬‫المركزي‬‫الحديﺜة‬‫لتوفير‬‫ظرف‬‫مريح‬‫لألنسان‬.
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