Fibre to fabric SJPS.pptx
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Rayon is a synthetic fiber made from regenerated cellulose sources like wood. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. There are different production methods for rayon, including using alkali and carbon sulfide solutions or ammoniacal copper salt solutions to solubilize the cellulose. Rayon was first invented in the late 1800s by French scientist Hilaire de Chardonnet as an artificial silk called viscose. While rayon has properties similar to natural fibers, there are also environmental and health concerns with its production process.
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A natural or manmade substance that is substantially longer than it is wide is known as fibre (from the Latin word fibra. Fibres are frequently utilised to create other materials. Fibres are frequently used in the strongest engineering materials, such as carbon fibre and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.
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A natural or manmade substance that is substantially longer than it is wide is known as fibre (from the Latin word fibra. Fibres are frequently utilised to create other materials. Fibres are frequently used in the strongest engineering materials, such as carbon fibre and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.
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- Explanations of common weave structures like plain, twill, satin and their variations. Also non-woven structures like felt, knitting and crochet.
- Instructions for setting up and using a light microscope to examine fibre samples.
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- An agenda that covers identifying common fibres, fabric structures, and basic microscopy.
- Descriptions of many natural and man-made fibres, including their microscopic appearance. Fibres discussed include silk, wool, linen, cotton, rayon, and synthetics like nylon and polyester.
- Explanations of common weave structures like plain, twill, satin and their variations. Also non-woven structures like felt, knitting and crochet.
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This document provides an overview of different types of manmade fibers, including their classification and properties. It discusses regenerated cellulosic fibers like rayon and protein fibers. It also covers synthetic fibers including polyesters, nylons, acrylics, their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it summarizes inorganic fibers such as glass, metallic and carbon fibers and their uses.
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Specific properties and uses
Nylon has a very low melt viscosity and can be added with fiberglass to increase stiffness. It is crystalline and resistant, melting at 263°C. Nylon is used to make socks. Polyester retains heat better than linen, is acid and alkali resistant, and has a high shine. It is 50% crystalline and thermoplastic, melting at 250°C. Polyester is used for beverage containers. Rayon can imitate several natural fibers and is soft, light, absorbent but not insulating. Rayon is mainly used for textiles, decoration, and industry. Lycra can stretch several times its size and resume its shape. It is lightweight, durable, easy to dye, and absorbs moisture
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This document summarizes the key differences between viscose and lyocell fibers. Viscose is a regenerated cellulose fiber made from wood pulp that was discovered in 1891 and commercially produced starting in 1905. Lyocell is a type of rayon made through a solvent-spinning process using cellulose dissolved in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, discovered in 1936 and first commercially produced in 1992 under the brand name Tencel. The document outlines the production processes, chemical properties, physical properties, and applications of each fiber type. Viscose is commonly used in clothing, home textiles, and hygiene products, while lyocell is used for apparel, upholstery, filters, and medical text
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The document discusses different types of regenerated cellulose fibers including lyocell, linen, modal, and alginate. It provides details on the production process of lyocell fibers using wood pulp and NMMO solvent. Key properties of lyocell include its softness, absorbency, strength, and biodegradability. It is used to make clothing, home textiles, and other products. The document also summarizes the manufacturing process and properties of other regenerated fibers such as linen, modal, and viscose rayon.
The Uses for Nylon and Polyester.pdf
What is the reason these fabrics become a reality? Wallace Carothers is the one who is acknowledged as the inventor of nylon fabric in the year 1935. Before the Second World War, it was not available for use by the public.
polyester presentation
Polyester is a synthetic polymer made from petroleum-derived materials through a condensation reaction between an acid and an alcohol. The most common polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In the 1920s, DuPont began researching synthetic fibers including nylon and polyester known as Terylene in the UK and Dacron in the US. Polyester fibers are hydrophobic, quick drying, wrinkle resistant, and durable, making them useful for clothing, home goods, and plastic bottles. The global polyester market was estimated at 5.8 million tonnes in 2012 with Europe and North America being the largest markets.
Lyocell fiber
Lyocell fiber-Lyocell is a form of rayon which consists of cellulose fibre made from dissolving pulp (bleached wood pulp) using dry jet-wet spinning.
Rayon
Rayon is a versatile fiber produced from cellulose. The manufacturing process involves treating cellulose pulp with caustic soda and carbon disulfide to produce a solution called viscose, which is then forced through spinnerets to produce filaments. These filaments are regenerated using a sulfuric acid bath and stretched. Rayon provides characteristics like absorbency and softness at a low cost. It can be blended with other fibers and modified to have properties like flame retardancy. Common uses include apparel, home furnishings, and industrial products. Rayon requires dry cleaning but some types can be machine washed.
Synthetic fibres
Fibers are the basic units that are woven together to form fabrics. There are natural fibers like cotton, jute and linen that come from plants and animals like wool and silk. There are also synthetic fibers like rayon, nylon and polyester that are man-made. Synthetic fibers are polymers made by joining monomers through polymerization. Rayon was the first synthetic fiber and is made from cellulose, while nylon and polyester are fully synthetic fibers made through chemical processes. These synthetic fibers have properties like strength, elasticity and wrinkle resistance that make them popular for various applications.
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This document provides an introduction to basic textile definitions and preparation processes. It defines different types of fibers, yarns and fabrics. The key textile preparation processes described include singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing and adding optical brightening agents. The goals of preparation are to remove impurities from fibers and ensure even dyeing and finishing. Proper preparation is important for quality textiles.
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Fibre to fabric SJPS.pptx
- 1. • .
- 2. Rayon fibre’s Characteristics Rayon is a synthetic fibre, made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Rayon production involves solubilizing cellulose. One popular method involves use of alkali and carbon sulfide. Another method involves using ammoniacal solutions of copper salts. Yet another route, the lyocell process, relies on a special solvent.
- 3. • • Nitrocellulose • Nitrocellulose is a derivative of cellulose that is soluble in organic solvents. It is mainly used as an explosive or as a lacquer. Many early plastics, including celluloid, were made from nitrocellulose. History French scientist Hilaire de Chardonnet (1838–1924), inventor of the first artificial textile fibre, artificial silk, created viscose. In 1893, they formed the Viscose Syndicate to grant licences and, in 1896, formed the British Viscoid Co. Ltd. to exploit the process.
- 5. Advantages I suggest you to use natural fibres instead of synthetic or artificial fibres
- 6. Let us look at some pictures of Rayon