SECTION IV: DIFFERENT SITUATIONS IN EUROPE "View and trends of waste management and waste-to-energy in Eastern Europe" by Mr. Emmanuel Serna, Researcher at the Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council, Germany

1. WtERT GERMANY
Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council
http://www.wtert.eu
Overview of Waste-to-Energy
Situation in the EU-12
M.Sc.-Ing. Emmanuel Serna
Recuwatt Conference
Mataró, Catalunya-Spain
28 March 2011
OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
Waste Management
in the EU-12
Status and Trends of EU-12
WtE Plants (Incineration)

2. OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
Waste Management
in the EU-12
Status and Trends of EU-12
WtE Plants (Incineration)
ROOTS
Global Changes - Availability of resources
Range of coverage for non-renewable energy sources
40
Crude oil 22 62
58
Natural gas 74 132
Uranium 39
324 363
Hard coal 125 2.836
2.711
Brown coal 261 4.274
4.013
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Years
Reserves Resources
Source: BGR Study on Energy Resources 2009; diagram modified

3. ROOTS
Global Changes – Climate changes
Development of the global mean temperature
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). "Climate change 2007“
ROOTS
MSW Generation slowly increases in Europe
Municipal waste generation per capita in Europe
Source: European Environment Agency

4. BACKGROUND
Waste-to-Energy…
is part of recycling management
Avoidance
Re-use
Quell e:
www.e gb-b ocho lt.de
Recycling
Energy
Waste Disposal is history… recovery
today the accepted objective of every Disposal
responsible waste economy strategy
must be the use of waste as a resource
ORIGINS
Foundation
1995 2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
WTERT WTERT WTERT WTERT WtERT WTERT WTERT
EEC Foundation Japan, UK, France
Council China Canada Greece Germany
Brazil
m5
ES13 ES12

5. Diapositiva 8
m5 Expanded Information:
History of WtERT
The Earth Engineering Center of Columbia University was founded in 1995 by Professor Nickolas
Themelis with the original mission of directing “engineering research on processes and products that
balance the increasing use of materials, the finite resources of the Earth, and the need for clean
water, soil, and air”. (EECCU) Over the years the center focused on sustainable waste management
in the USA, and, together with the Integrated Waste Services Association, formed the WtERT Council
in 2002.
WtERT has important academic partners which conduct analytical and experimental researches. The
findings of WtERT and its partners are then reported in the WtERT bi-annual meetings and also in
the webpage.
The academic partners are the National Technical University of Athens, the University of Thrace and
the University of Patras from Greece, the Politecnico di Milano from Italy, the Sheffield University
from the UK, the SUNY Stony Brook's Marine Sciences Research Center from the USA, and the
Zhejiang University from China.
mserna; 17/05/2010
ES12 WtERT Objectives:
To identify the best available technologies for the treatment of various waste materials, conduct
additional academic research as required, and disseminate this information with its publications, the
WtERT web page, and annual meeting.
Bring together engineers, scientists, and managers from industry, universities, and government with
the objective of advancing the goals of sustainable waste management globally.
Emmanuel Serna; 26/05/2010
ES13 Foundation dates of WtERT Sister Organizations:
November 2006 - WtERT China
May 2007 - WtERT Canada
July 2008 - WtERT Greece
Emmanuel Serna; 26/05/2010

6. RESEARCH TOPICS
Thermal Treatment
Anaerobic Treatment
Current Landfill Gas Utilization
GOALS
Networking & Communication
Consulting
Networking State of the Art
technologies
Organize Scientific
meetings research
Knowledge
transfer

7. JOIN NOW
• More than 200
WtE Experts
• News
• Discussion forum
• Events
• Technical reports
• Much more…
www.wtert.eu
OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
Waste Management
in the EU-12
Status and Trends of EU-12
WtE Plants (Incineration)

8. NEW EU MEMBER STATES
SINCE 2004 “EU-12“
Incineration > 28% and Landfill < 25%
Incineration > 8% and Landfill 26-65%
Incineration > 8% and Landfill > 65%
no incineration
Bulgaria *
non-member states
Cyprus
Sweden
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
Hungary
Latvia
Estonia
Lithuania
Denmark Latvia
Lithuania Malta
Ireland UK
Netherlands Poland Poland
Germany
Belgium
Luxembourg Czech
Rep. Slovakia
Slovakia
Austria
France
Hungary Slovenia
Slovenia
Romania
Italy
Romania *
Bulgaria
Portugal Spain
Greece
* Joined EU in 2007
Malta
Cyprus
EUROPEAN WASTE
TREATMENT IN 2009
Source: Eurostat 2011

9. WASTE GENERATION
~ 72%
ES11
Source: ETC/RWM 2008
EUROPEAN WASTE LAW
ES7
EU Directives promote Since 1995,
recovery + recycling landfilling in Europe
2008/98/EC on Waste
has fallen from
► Regulates and dictates waste
management in the EU 62% to 38%
► Protection of the environment and
human health
► Reduction of adverse global impacts
► 5-Step Waste Hierarchy implemented
(Avoidance, Re-use, Recycle, Recovery
incl. Waste-to-Energy, Safe Disposal)
1999/31/EC on the Landfill of Waste
► Strict requirements for landfill
construction
► Controls type of waste to be landfilled
2000/76/EC on the Incineration of
Waste
► Prevent ion or reduction of pollution
caused by incinerat ion plants
► Sets emission limits

10. Diapositiva 15
ES11 Waste production is strongly related to the population and the development of the national
economy, measured with the gross domestic product (GDP) [Zunft 2009]. As the EU has helped
member states to increase their wealth and to standardize the possibilities in the whole union, the
union’s population has grown wealthier and has changed its production and consumption patterns
[EEA 2007b], and therefore creating more waste than before.
Emmanuel Serna; 29/09/2010
Diapositiva 16
ES7 EU Law is directly binding or has to be implemented into national law.
National Law can have more stringent requirements than EU.
Emmanuel Serna; 26/05/2010

11. OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
Waste Management
in the EU-12
Status and Trends of EU-12
WtE Plants (Incineration)
No information found
Cyprus Latvia Malta
Landfilling
Recycling

12. Bulgaria
Objective: n/a (European Commission is suing Bulgaria for
failing to improve its WM infrastructure)
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Sofia n/a Should start operating in 2012
(MBT Plant) (Project co-financed by EU)
100 % 0% 0% 0%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted
Romania
Objective: 17% of total MSW shall be incinerated
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Timisoara 150,000 Feasibility study done
Bucharest 750,000 Feasibility study done
Brasov 150,000 Feasibility study done
Region 1 300,000 Early stage of development
North-East
n/a 300,000 Early stage of development
99 % 1% 0% 0%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted

13. Lithuania
Objective: At least 3 WtE Plants ~ 360-420 kilo tons/year
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Vilnius 250,000 n/a
Kaunas n/a Waiting for construction permit
Klaipeda 272,000 Under construction
Operation to start in 2013
Siauliai n/a Feasibility study under preparation
Panevezys n/a Feasibility study under preparation
95 % 3% 0% 2%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted
Estonia
Objective: 2 MSW incineration plants + 1 RDF
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Tallinn 220,000 Construction to begin in 2012
Kunda Nordic n/a Working as co-incineration plant with RDF
Cement Plant since 2010
75 % 14 % 0% 11 %
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted

14. Slovenia
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Celje 25,000 Under operation
Ljubljana 60,000 Under construction, to be finalized in
2015
Maribor n/a Early stage of development
62 % 34 % 1% 3%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted
Slovakia
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Bratislava 140,000 Under operation
Modernized in 2003-2004
Kosice 80,000 Under operation
Efficiency improvement until 2013
Zilina 80,000 Early stage of development
82 % 2% 10 % 6%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted

15. Czech Republic
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
SAKO Brno 210,000 Under operation
Totally renewed from 2002 to 2010
SKO Praha 310,000 Under operation
SKO Liberec 96,000 Under operation
Plzen Region 60,000 – 100,000 Construction to start 2012, until 2016
Pardubice / 20,000 Early stage of development
Hradec Kralove
Vysocina 100,000 Planned by 2018
Karvina 200,000 – 350,000 Early stage of development
83 % 3% 12 % 2%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted
Hungary
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Budapest I 420,000 Under operation
Totally renewed from 2002 to 2005
Budapest II 300,000 Early stage of development. (2020?)
Közep-Duna 125,000 n/a
Eszak-Balatoni 125,000 Early stage of development. (2015?)
Eszak Mo. 200,000 n/a
Eszak-Kelet Mo. 150,000 Early stage of development. (2015?)
Del-Dunantuli 100,000 Early stage of development. (2015?)
Del-Alföldi 220,000 Early stage of development. (2020?)
Hajduboszormeny - Cancelled due to public
unacceptance of WtE!!!
75 % 13 % 10 % 2%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted

16. Poland
Name Capacity (t/a) Status
Zusok (Warsaw) 40,000 Under operation
Lodz 250,000 Should start operating in 2014-2015
Krakow 250,000
Warsaw 265,000
Bialystock 100,000
Gdansk 250,000
Upper Silesia 500,000
Poznan 200,000
Szczecin 180,000
Bydgoszcz and 180,000
Torun
Koszalin 120,000
Olsztyn 120,000 Withdrawn
78 % 14 % 1% 7%
Landfilled Recycled Incinerated Composted
WtE IN 2010
Existing Facilities
► Brno
► Praha
► Liberec
► Celje
► Budapest
► Warsaw 1
► Slovakia 1, Slovakia 2
Image: Google Maps

17. WtE IN 2015?
Existing Facilities
► Brno
► Praha 1, Praha 2
► Liberec
► Celje
► Budapest
► Warsaw 1
► Slovakia 1, Slovakia 2
To be constructed
► Tallin
► Vilnius
► Klaipeda
► Kaunas
► Lodz
► Warsaw 2
► Bialystok
► Gdansk
► Katowice
► Poznan
► Szczecin
► Bydogoszcz & Torun
► Olsztyn
► Koszalin
► Ljubljana
► Maribor
► Timisoara
► Brasov
► Bucharest
Image: Google Maps
► North-East Romania
INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE
ABOUT WtE IN EASTERN EUROPE?
WtERT Annual Meeting Europe
When?
12-13 September 2011
Where?
Warsaw, Poland
Topics?
- Waste Management in
Eastern Europe
- Politics, Society and Law
- Technology: Status and
Developments I mage: Suc haMarco
- and more

18. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Please join our WtE Network Today!
http://www.wtert.eu