Perineal trauma can cause considerable distress and discomfort to many women following child birth. Perineal pain in early post natal period has been reported as one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity. Nowadays alternative and complementary methods such as Aromatherapy using essential oils are established as an alternative therapy for episiotomy. It is used increasingly and Lavender oil is frequently prescribed due to its antiseptic, healing and pain reliving properties.

1. Presenter : Dr. Rajni Sharma
Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Mahamana Pandit
Madan Mohan Malviya cancer Centre, Varanasi

2. Introduction & Background
‘Birthing is natural; the body is designed for it well
makes it as possible’
 In India the incidence of Institutional normal vaginal
deliveries 61.5% with 58.4% of normal vaginal delivery
with episiotomy.
 The overall rate of episiotomy was 58.6%. Among that
midwives performed episiotomies at a lower rate (31.4%).

3.  Perineal trauma can cause considerable distress and
discomfort to many women following child birth.
 Perineal pain in early post natal period has been
reported as one of the most common causes of maternal
morbidity.
 Nowadays alternative and complementary methods
such as Aromatherapy using essential oils are established
as an alternative therapy for episiotomy. It is used
increasingly and Lavender oil is frequently prescribed
due to its antiseptic, healing and pain reliving
properties.
Introduction & Background

4.  Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas) has a long history
of traditional medicinal use. Constituents of lavender
(Lavandula spp.) essential oil have anti-inflammatory,
antifungal, and antibacterial effects, including activity
against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well
as pathogenic fungi also it has analgesic property.
 The main constituents of lavender are linalool, linalyl
acetate, 1,8-cineole B-ocimene, terpinen-4-ol, and
camphor.
 Local anesthetic effect of lavender and its constituents
(linalool and linalyl acetate) is reported in both in vivo and
in vitro experiments
Introduction & Background

5.  Sitz bath cleansing therapy concentrates heat and
stimulates blood flow to the perineal wound or
episiotomy. This local hyperthermia increases
subcutaneous perineal tissue temperature and oxygen
tension, thus significantly promoting the wound healing
process.
 Available data demonstrates that high percentages of
women are undergoing episiotomy during child birth.
But at the same time episiotomy wound is the most
neglected aspect in post natal case both by the Health
Personnel and Mothers themselves.
Introduction & Background

6. NEED FOR THE STUDY:
 Post Episiotomy pain is considered as one of the most severe
degree of pain and discomfort following the child birth
(American J. of obstetrics and Gynaecology2010).
 Spontaneous or surgical perineal traumas are frequent after
normal delivery and can lead to relevant maternal
morbidities.
 According to literature, a direct relation exists between the
extent and complexity of the perineal lesion and the
morbidities affecting women in the postpartum period,
mainly related to the episiotomy.

7.  Perineal trauma can cause considerable distress and discomfort to
many women following child birth. Its severity is frequently under
estimated and many women suffer un-necessarily, often in silence.
 Episiotomy suture can cause considerable discomfort, pain,
because the perineum is an extremely tender area and the muscles
of the perineum are involved in many activities (eg. Sitting,
walking, stooping, urinating, defecating). However, they usually
do not anticipate the pulling pain from perineal stitches in the
postnatal period, discomfort that interferes with their rest and
sleep, mother feels discomfort even when sit hold her baby.
 The researcher felt that there is an effect of lavender oil and sitz
bath among postnatal women's on healing and reducing pain of
episiotomy wound. Considering all the factors there is a need of
lavender oil & sitz bath like intervention for postnatal Mothers
with episiotomy wound.
NEED FOR THE STUDY:

8. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1.To assess the episiotomy pain level and episiotomy wound status
before giving lavender oil and sitz bath over Episiotomy among post
natal Mothers in pre test.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of Lavender oil on episiotomy pain
and episiotomy wound healing among post natal Mothers in post
test.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of Sitz bath on pain and episiotomy
wound healing among post natal Mothers in post post test
4. To compare the effectiveness of Lavender oil versus Sitz bath on
episiotomy pain and episiotomy wound healing among post natal
Mothers.
5. To find an association between episiotomy pain episiotomy
wound status with selected socio demographic variables of post
natal mothers ie. Age , Parity, Type of delivery, community, Lochial
flow, Type of episiotomy and type of postnatal exercises.

9. HYPOTHESES:
(Hypotheses tested at 0.01 level of significance):
H1:-There will be a significant difference between the mean
episiotomy wound assessment and pain score before and
after the application of lavender oil and sitz bath in both the
group of post natal mothers.
H2:- There will be significant difference between the post test
result on effectiveness of lavender oil versus sitz bath over the
episiotomy pain and wound healing.
H3:- There will be a significant association between
episiotomy pain and episiotomy wound healing with selected
demographic variables.

10. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
 COMPARATIVE : It refers to the statistical measurement of difference
between lavender oil Vs Warm sitz bath on Level of episiotomy pain and
wound status.
 EFFECTIVENESS: In this study effectiveness refers to the extent to which
lavender oil and Sitz bath has produced desirable effect on healing of
episiotomy wound and episiotomy pain as measured by (Davidsons 1974)
REEDA scale and numerical pain rating scale.
 LAVENDER OIL: Refers to essential oil which is extracted from the fresh
flowers of the lavender plant and used for medicinal purpose. In this
study it is applied on episiotomy wound 2 drops with help of a dropper
under sterile technique twice day after perineal care for 7 consecutive days
by patient attendant, the attendant was demonstrated regarding the
application of lavender oil.
 SITZ BATH: Is the form of water bath (temperature about 110°F/43°C)
and it is also called a ‘hip bath’ which will given for the duration of 15
minutes twice a day for 7 consecutive days.

11.  EPISIOTOMY PAIN PERCEPTION: Pain is experienced by the
postnatal mother due to interference with tissue integrity and
presence of episiotomy suture line which is assessed using
numerical pain rating scale.
 EPISIOTOMY WOUND HEALING: Wound Healing is the
interaction of the complex cascade of cellular events that
generates resurfacing, reconstitution, and restoration of the
tensile strength of injured tissue. The regeneration of tissue
integrity of perineum after Episiotomy, which is assessed by using
(Davidsons1974) REEDA scale (redness, ecchymosis , edema,
discharge, approximation) before and after the application of
Lavender oil and Sitz bath.
 POSTNATAL MOTHERS: Refers to women who have undergone
normal or instrumental vaginal delivery with episiotomy between
age group of 19-35 years, admitted to selected hospital.
 SELECTED HOSPITAL: Selected hospital in this study refers
Selected Hospital, Varanasi.

12. ASSUMPTIONS:
The study assumes that:
1. Episiotomy wound produces pain and discomfort among
post natal Mothers.
2. Alternative and complimentary therapies (Lavender oil
application and Sitz bath) aids in reducing episiotomy
pain and improving healing of episiotomy wound.

13. Postnatal mother
who meet the
inclusion and
exclusion criteria
with episiotomy
wound are selected .
Episiotomy pain
assessed by
numerical pain
rating scale
Episiotomy wound
assessed by REEDA
Scale.
lavender oil 2 drops
twice a day with the
interval of six hour
to from 2nd post
natal day and
continued for 7
days.
Sitz bath twice a day
with the interval of
six hour from 2nd
post natal day and
continued for 7 days.
Decrease
episiotomy
pain measured
by numerical
rating scale
And decrease
in episiotomy
wound score
measured by
REEDA Scale.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

14. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design: Time series Research design with multiple
institution of Treatment.
LAVENDER OIL
SITZ BATH
• OL:pretest (lavender oil)
• OS:pretest (Sitz bath)
• XL
9 XL
3 (treatment –lavender oil application)
• X S
9 X S
3 (treatment –Sitz bath)
OL XL
9
XL
3
O1 XL
9
XL
3
O2 XL
9
XL
3
O3 XL
9
XL
3
O4 XL
9
XL
3
O5 XL
9
XL
3
O6 XL
9
XL
3
O7
OS X S
9
X S
3
O1 X S
9
X S
3
O2 X S
9
X S
3
O3 X S
9
X S
3
O4 X S
9
X S
3
O5 X S
9
X S
3
O6 X S
9
X S
3
O7

15. SETTING OF THE STUDY: Selected Hospital Varanasi
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Application of lavender oil and sitz
bath twice a day for seven consecutive days.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Episiotomy wound healing status and episiotomy pain.
POPULATION: All postnatal mothers in Selected Hospital
SAMPLING CRITERIA:
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Post natal mothers who:
1. are willing to participate in the study.
2. who are available at the time of data collection.
3. who has undergone normal or instrumental vaginal delivery
with episiotomy without any complications.
4. postnatal mothers who are able to speak Hindi.

16. EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
2. Mothers who are not willing to participate in the Study.
3. Postnatal mothers with, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Puerperal
sepsis.
4. Postnatal Mothers who are unable to Speak Hindi.
5. Post natal Mother who are mentally unstable.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
Nonprobability –purposive sampling .
SAMPLE SIZE:
60 Postnatal Mothers

17. DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF TOOLS:
Section A: Demographic Performa.
Section B:-REEDA scale to assess episiotomy wound.
-Numerical pain scale to assess pain.
Rating Pain Level
0 No Pain
1 – 3 Mild Pain
4 – 6 Moderate Pain
7 – 10 Severe Pain

18. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: Section-I
Sociodemographic Variables
(Section-1)
Sample with sitz
bath
Sample with
lavender oil
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentag
e
Age of marriage (a)19-25years. 18
60%
12
40%
(b)26-32 years. 8 27% 14 47%
(c) above 32
years. 4 13% 4 13%

19. Educational
status
(a)No formal Education
5 16.67% 9 30%
(b)primary Education to
middle
6 20% 10 33.33%
(c)Secondary Education to
Senior Secondary
11 36.66% 9 30%
(d)Graduate and above 8 26.66% 2 6.67%
Religion
(a) Hindu 8 26.66% 6 20%
(b)Muslim
22 73.33% 24 80%
(c)Christian
0 0% 0 0%
(d) Other 0 0% 0 0%
Sociodemographic Variables Sample with sitz bath Sample with lavender oil
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

20. Community to
which you
belong:
(a)Rural
3 10% 5 16.67%
(b)Urban
27 90% 25 83.33%
Immunization
Status during
antenatal
Period:
(a)Immunized 30 100% 29 96.66%
(b) Not
immunized
0 0% 1 3.33%
Parity
(a)Primipara 10 33.33% 11 36.66%
(b)Multipara 20 66.66% 19 63.33%
Type of
delivery:
(a)Normal
delivery with
episiotomy.
28 93.33% 30 100%
(b)
Instrumental
delivery with
episiotomy.
2 6.67% 0 0%

21. Habit of maintaining
perineal hygiene after
micturation:
(a)Yes 30 100% 30 100%
(b)No 0 0% 0 0%
Discharge of lochial
rubra during post-
partum period
(a)Mild flow 9 30% 0 0%
(b)Normal flow 21 70% 30 100%
(c)Heavy flow 0 0% 0 0%
Type of episiotomy (a)Lateral 0 0% 0 0%
(b)Medio lateral 30 100% 30 100%
Type of postnatal
exercises
performing:
(a) Pelvic floor
exercises
4 13.33% 0 0%
(b)Abdominal
exercises
0 0% 0 0%
(c)Breathing
Exercises.
0 0% 0 0%
(d)Performing
routine activities
26 86.66% 30 100%

22. OBJECTIVE-1: To assess the episiotomy pain level and
episiotomy wound status before giving intervention among
post natal Mothers in pre test.
9.23
13.6
9.2
13.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
mean pain score mean REEDA score
lavender oil
sitz bath

23. OBJECTIVE 2: To evaluate the effectiveness of Lavender oil on
episiotomy pain and episiotomy wound healing among post
natal Mothers in post test.
9.23
13.6
8.13
11.3
7.97
9.74
6.13
10.3
5.97
9.74
4.23
6.6
2.67
3.3
1.61
1.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
PAIN SCORE REEDA SCORE
PRE TEST
POST TEST 1 (24 HRS)
POST TEST 2 (48 HRS)
POST TEST 3 (72 HRS)
POST TEST 4 (96 HRS)
POST TEST 5 (120 HRS)
POST TEST 6 (144 HRS)
POST TEST 7 (168 HRS)

24. OBJECTIVE 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of Sitz bath on
pain and episiotomy wound healing among post natal
Mothers in post test.
pretest
9.2
pre test
13.9
day1
8.51
day1
12.3
day2
7.99
day2
11.74
day3
6.58
day3
10.3
day4
5.4
day4
7.8
day5
3.07
day5
4.7
day 6
2.79
day6
3.9
day7
1.98
day7
2.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
PAIN SCORE REEDA SCORE

25. OBJECTIVE 4: To compare the effectiveness of Lavender oil versus Sitz bath on
episiotomy pain and episiotomy wound healing among post natal Mothers.
Parameter
LAVENDER OIL
Probable
P value
P value
significance SITZ BATH Probable
P value
P value
significance
Pre-
test
Mean±
S.D.
Post
test(7)
Mean±
S.D.
Pre-test
Mean±
S.D.
Post
test(7)
Mean±
S.D.
PAIN
SCORE
9.23±0.
817
1.61±.80 3.461E-1 P<0.01 ** (
highly
Signficant)
9.2±0.0
761
1.98±.96 4.561E-1 P<0.01 *
(Signficanct)
REEDA
SCORE
13.6±1.
52
1.2±.88 4.321E-1 P<0.01 **
( highly
Signficant)
13.9±1.
147
2.6±.87 5.32E-1 P<0.01 *
(Signficant)

26. OBJECTIVE -5:To find an association between episiotomy pain and
episiotomy wound status with selected socio demographic variables
of postnatal Mothers.
Type of Variable Z-Score (double- proportion)
in GROUP 1 And GROUP 2
Z (0.01) P-Value /Significance
(1): Age
(a)19-25years.
(b)26-32 years.
(c)32 years and above.
3.51(a)* 2.58 (p<0.01) Sig.
(2): Education status:
(a)No formal Education
(b)primary Education to middle
(c)Secondary to Senior Secondary
Education
(d)Graduate and above
2.59(a)* 2.58 (p<0.01) Sig.
(3): Religion
(a) Hindu
(b)Muslim
(c)Christian
(d) Other
2.10(a)** 2.58 (p>0.01) N.S.

27. (4): Community to which you belong:
(a)Rural
(b)Urban
3.22(b,a)* 2.58 (p<0.01) Sig.
(5): Immunization Status during antenatal
Period:
(a)Immunized
(b) Not immunized
2.48(a) ** 2.58 (p>0.01) N.S.
(6): Parity
(a)Primipara
(b)Multipara
3.45(b)* 2.58 (p<0.01) Sig.
(7): Type of delivery:
(a)Normal delivery with episiotomy.
(b) Instrumental delivery with episiotomy.
a(1.32) **
b(1.24) **
2.58 p>0.01) N.S.
(8): Habit of maintaining perineal
hygiene after micturation:
(a)Yes
(b)No
a(3.18)* 2.58 p<0.01) Sig.
(9):Discharge of lochial rubra during
post-partum period
(a)Mild flow
(b)Normal flow
(c)Heavy flow
a(1.37) **
b(1.43) **
c(1.51) **
2.58 (p>0.01) N.S.

28. (10): Type of episiotomy
(a)Lateral
(b)Medio lateral
a(3.48)* 2.58 (p<0.01) Sig.
(11): Type of episiotomy
suture:
(a)Absorbable
(b)Non absorbable
a(2.56) ** 2.58 (p>0.01) N.S.
(12):Type of postnatal
exercises performing:
(a) Pelvic floor exercises
(b)Abdominalexercises
(c)Breathing exercises
(d)Performing routine
activities
d(3.28)* 2.58 (p<0.01) Sig.

29. DISCUSSION:
OBJECTIVE-1 To assess the episiotomy pain level and episiotomy wound status before
giving lavender oil and sitz bath among post natal Mothers in pre test.
Finding: A significant degree of pain is experienced by the
post natal women which associated with episiotomy wound
and there is no significant difference in the pain score and
REEDA score in group A and Group B (p>.01) N.S.
The Above findings supported by the study report:
Bakers Et Al (2012) J. Iran Nursing, The given experimental
study was conducted in Iran,to assess the effect of lavender
oil in Episiotomy wound healing. The sample of the study
consisted of 120 primiparous women who had undergone
normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy pre test(pain and
wound status) done for both the group that was found to be
significantly equal in both the group.

30.  Vakilian K, Atarha M, Bekhradi R, Chaman R. 2011
Feb;17(1):50 Complement Ther. Clinical Practice study
Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during
episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial.
This clinical trial involved 60 qualified primiparous women
admitted for labor in Kamali Hospital in Karaj, Iran. They
were randomly categorized into two groups: case (using
Lavender oil) and control (usual hospital protocol).
Participants pain and discomfort were recorded using a
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a Redness, Edema,
Ecchymosis, Discharge Scale (REEDA the pain score and
REEDA score in both the groups was found equal). Pain was
evaluated at 4 h, 12 h and 5 days following episiotomy.
Collected data was analyzed in SPSS 14 using an independent
t-test and chi-square.

31. OBJECTIVE 2: To evaluate the effectiveness of Lavender oil on episiotomy
pain and episiotomy wound healing among post natal Mothers in post test.
Finding: A significant reduction (t-value 0.00)in pain was observed with the
application of lavender oil over episiotomy wound and also reducing the REEDA
score thus enhancing effective episiotomy wound healing.
The Above findings supported by the study report:
 Fatemeh Sheikhan, Fereshteh Jahdi, Effat Merghati Khoei, Neda Shamsalizade,h Masoumeh
Sheikhan, Hamid Haghan(2012J. of Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice; conducted study
to evaluate the effectiveness of lavender oil in episiotomy wound healing and episiotomy pain; . This
clinical trial involved 60 qualified primiparous women admitted for labor in Kamali Hospital in Karaj,
Iran. They were randomly categorized into two groups: case (using Lavender oil) and control (usual
hospital protocol). Participants pain and discomfort were recorded using a Visual Analogue Scale
(VAS) and a Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge Scale (REEDA). Pain was evaluated at 4 h,
12 h and 3 days following episiotomy. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS 14 using an independent
t-test and chi-square.There was a statistical difference in pain intensity scores between the 2 groups
after 4 h (p = 0.002, and 5 days (p = 0.000) after episiotomy. However, differences in pain intensity
between the two groups, at 12 h post-surgery, were not significant (p = 0.066). The REEDA score was
significantly lower in the experimental group (Lavender oil group) 5 days after episiotomy
(p = 0.000).According to these findings, use of Lavender oil essence can be effective in reducing
perineal discomfort following episiotomy.

32. A. Motevalian(2012); Complement The Clinical Practice;
Post-episiotomy discomfort and its consequences can affect
maternal quality of life and mental health; clinical trial
involved 60 qualified primiparous women admitted for labor in
Kamali Hospital in Karaj, Iran.They were randomly categorized
into two groups: case (using Lavender oil) and control (usual
hospital protocol).Participants pain and discomfort were
recorded using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a Redness,
Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge Scale (REEDA). There was a
statistical difference in pain intensity scores between the 2
groups after 4 h (p 0.002, and 4 days (pvalue:0.000) after
episiotomy.
However, differences in pain intensity between the two groups,
at 12 h post-surgery, were not significant (p 0.066).The REEDA
score was significantly lower in the experimental group
(Lavender oil group) 5 days after episiotomy (p 0.000).
According to these findings, use of Lavender oil can be effective
in reducing perineal discomfort following episiotomy.

33. OBJECTIVE 3 : To assess the effectiveness of Sitz bath on pain
and episiotomy wound healing among post natal Mothers.
Findings: A significant reduction (t-value 0.00) in pain was
observed with the application of Sitz bath over episiotomy
wound and also reducing the REEDA score thus enhancing
effective episiotomy wound healing.
The Above findings supported by the study report:
LaFoy J, Geden EA. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurses(2012); A
study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of warm Sitz bath In Episiotomy
Wound Healing A repeated measure experimental design (N = 20)
was used to assess the effectiveness of a warm relieving post
episiotomy pain. Sensation, distress, edema, and hematoma ratings
were obtained pre- and post treatments, the therapy were found
effecting in reducing pain and Edema and wound Status and Shows
significant improvement in the wound status as evaluated by the
REEDA scale

34.  Hay-Smith E J, Reed M A (2010) (Pubmed Review)Center of
review and dissemination the Study investigate the use of
therapeutic Sitz bath for the relief of perineal pain following
child Postnatal women receiving treatment for perineal pain
following childbirth were studied. Participants included
primigravida with Episiotomy . The following outcomes were
assessed: reduction in bruising during treatment; outcome
reported as 'helped', 'fair effect', or decreased pain; frequency
of perineal pain. Immediate pain relief and at half hour and
hour intervals; and perineal oedema, the Study concluded
that the warm sitz bath is effective Strategy in reducing pain
and edema over the Episiotomy wound .

35. OBJECTIVE -4: To compare the effectiveness of Lavender oil versus
Sitz bath on pain and episiotomy wound healing among post natal
Mothers.
Findings: :Application of the Lavender oil over episiotomy wound is
significantly more effective(P<0.01 )then sitz bath in reducing
episiotomy pain and enhancing episiotomy wound healing.
The Above findings supported by the study report:
Lowe Joseph . Of nursing and Midwifery(2011) ,Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, University College Hospital Calcutta , Study to Evaluate different
alternative therapies (aromatherapy with lavender oil,sitz bath ,betadine)in
improve wound healing after elective episiotomy Participants pain and
discomfort were recorded using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a Redness,
Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge Scale (REEDA). Pain was evaluated at 4 h, 12 h
and 3 days following episiotomy. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS 14 using
an independent t-test and chi-square.There was a statistical difference in pain
intensity scores between the 2 groups after 4 hours (p = 0.002, and 3days (p =
0.000) after episiotomy. The REEDA score was significantly more lower in the
lavender oil group .

36. Bray L, Flynn A, J. Of nursing and Midwifery(2011)
,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University
College Hospital, Ibadan,A Study to Evaluate Sitz
bathVs.complimentary therapies(aromatherapy) in improve
wound healing after elective episiotomy Participants pain
and discomfort were recorded using a Visual Analogue Scale
(VAS) and a Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge Scale
(REEDA). Pain was evaluated at 4 h, 12 h and 5 days following
episiotomy. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS 14 using an
independent t-test and chi-square.There was a statistical
difference in pain intensity scores between the 2 groups after
4 hours (p = 0.002, and 3 days (p = 0.000) after episiotomy.
The REEDA score was significantly lower in the experimental
group (aromatherapy), the Study reveals that the lavender oil
application is more Effective in reducing post Episiotomy
pain and improving the wound healing

37. OBJECTIVE 5: To find an association between
episiotomy pain and episiotomy wound Status with
selected Socio demographic variables of postnatal
Mothers.
The application of Z test (Double Proportion)for different type
of variables in group 1(lavender oil) and group 2(Sitz bath)
revealed Significant relationship was observed with the
age(a),EducationalStatus(a),community(a,b),),Parity(b),Hab
it of maintaining Hygiene after micturation(a),Type of
Episiotomy(a),Type of Episiotomy Suture(a),Type of
postnatal exercises performing(d) at at 1%level of
Significance i,e (p<0.01).further no significant difference was
observed with Religion,type of delivery,.

38. Marissa Oppel-Sutter (Feb 2011);Complement Ther. Clin.
Pract. The researchers enrolled 120 subjects, including
primiparous (experiencing their first births) women with
singleton (one offspring) pregnancies who had received
mediolateral episiotomies (where the incision is made
diagonally from the median) during spontaneous vaginal
deliveries. The study findings reveals that there was
significant association with demographic variables i.e., age,
educational status, parity.

39. Limitations:
1. The study was limited only to the postnatal Mothers admitted in
Selected hospital at Varanasi.
2. The Study was limited only to 60 Subjects (30) in Group A and
(30) in Group B.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1.The Lavender oils a cost efficient ,safe, on invasive, on
pharmacologic and effective method and can be utilized
effectively without any side effects.
2.Nurses and physician used this safe technique.
3.Used over the pharmacological measures that has the side effects.
4.The study can be done on the larger population.

40. SUMMARY:
The study was to determine the effectiveness of lavender oil and sitz bath
over episiotomy in reducing episiotomy Pain and improving episiotomy
wound status. The instrument used for the Study was Numerical
pain rating scale, and REEDA scale, A total of 60 Subjects were
selected for the study as per the inclusion and exclusion of selection of
sample.30 of them were allotted to Experimental group(A) with
application of lavender oil and 30 of them were allotted to the
experimental Group (B) with sitz bath application. Nature and purpose
of study will be explained, Demographic data will be collected from
postnatal mothers,Preintervention data was obtained from post natal
mothers through numerical pain rating scale and (Davidsons
1974)REEDA scale. The Episiotomy pain and healing of episiotomy
wound will be assessed everyday by numerical pain rating scale and
REEDA scale , Application of Sitz bath for the frequency of twice a day
for three consecutive days to one group and lavender oil 2 drops twice a
.post test was obtained seven times after 24 hrs.,48hrs.,and 72
hrs,96hrs,120 hrs,144hrs, 168hrs. For assessing the effectiveness of the
intervention. The Conceptual framework of the study was based on
General system theory ,The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted
in terms of the Objectives and Hypothesis of the Study. Descriptive and
Inferential Statistics were used for the data analysis.