Business Ethics 66 Thomas Farrow had been evaluated as having been inflicted by managerial hubris at the time of the bank’s collapse in 1920. With this in mind, address the following questions, with thorough explanations and well-supported rationale. 1. How did corporate culture, leadership, power and motivation affect Thomas’ level of managerial hubris? 2. Relate managerial hubris to ethical decision making and the overall impact on the business environment. 3. Explain the pressures associated with ethical decision making at Farrows Bank. 4. Evaluate whether the level of managerial hubris would have been decreased if Farrow Bank had a truly ethical business culture. Could this have affected the final outcome of Farrow Bank? Explain your position. Parenting the AdolescentView Full Description It is often said that there is much similarity in adolescent and toddler development. In fact, some say that the toddler you had comes back as a teenager. Given what you have read about parenting the toddler (Week 3) and the adolescent (Week 5) describe at least one similarity and one difference and describe how parenting is both the same and different.  Please note in your post the relevant developmental stages and how parents effectively meet them.  Parenting changes as children get older, offering new challenges to parents at home. School-age children spend more time away from home, and their interactions with others become increasingly complex. Parents maintain many of the same fundamental responsibilities with school-age children as they did with preschoolers. They need to continue to provide love and affection, to set age-appropriate rules and boundaries, and to support physical, cognitive and social development. Topics to be covered include: · Normal physical, emotional and social development in during the elementary school and early teen years · Ways parents can support their child’s development during the elementary school and early teen years · Techniques to help parents maintain positive relationships with their adolescents as they become more independent and move toward adulthood · Techniques to help school-age children develop positive relationships with family and peers · Ways parents can promote healthy lifestyles with school age children · Effects of media use on children’s development· Sleep · Sleep helps attention, emotional well-being, and learning. Adequate sleep helps the body regulate its metabolic processes and weight control. Parents should establish a consistent bedtime schedule as well as bedtime routines to help children develop the habit of sleep. Parents who adopt positive and nurturing parenting styles support healthy sleep patterns in children. · School-age children usually sleep independently; however, maintaining a normal bedtime routine is part of good sleep hygiene. Sleep hygiene includes a number of practices that support healthy sleep, like avoiding caffeine in the afternoon, having a cool, dark room, and a r ...

1. Business Ethics 66
Thomas Farrow had been evaluated as having been inflicted by
managerial hubris at the time of the bank’s collapse in 1920.
With this in mind, address the following questions, with
thorough explanations and well-supported rationale.
1. How did corporate culture, leadership, power and motivation
affect Thomas’ level of managerial hubris?
2. Relate managerial hubris to ethical decision making and the
overall impact on the business environment.
3. Explain the pressures associated with ethical decision making
at Farrows Bank.
4. Evaluate whether the level of managerial hubris would have
been decreased if Farrow Bank had a truly ethical
business culture. Could this have affected the final outcome of
Farrow Bank? Explain your position.
Parenting the AdolescentView Full Description
It is often said that there is much similarity in adolescent and
toddler development. In fact, some say that the toddler you had
comes back as a teenager. Given what you have read about
parenting the toddler (Week 3) and the adolescent (Week 5)
describe at least one similarity and one difference and describe
how parenting is both the same and different. Please note in
your post the relevant developmental stages and how parents
effectively meet them.
Parenting changes as children get older, offering new challenges

2. to parents at home. School-age children spend more time away
from home, and their interactions with others become
increasingly complex. Parents maintain many of the same
fundamental responsibilities with school-age children as they
did with preschoolers. They need to continue to provide love
and affection, to set age-appropriate rules and boundaries, and
to support physical, cognitive and social development.
Topics to be covered include:
· Normal physical, emotional and social development in during
the elementary school and early teen years
· Ways parents can support their child’s development during the
elementary school and early teen years
· Techniques to help parents maintain positive relationships
with their adolescents as they become more independent and
move toward adulthood
· Techniques to help school-age children develop positive
relationships with family and peers
· Ways parents can promote healthy lifestyles with school age
children
· Effects of media use on children’s development· Sleep
· Sleep helps attention, emotional well-being, and learning.
Adequate sleep helps the body regulate its metabolic processes
and weight control. Parents should establish a consistent
bedtime schedule as well as bedtime routines to help children
develop the habit of sleep. Parents who adopt positive and
nurturing parenting styles support healthy sleep patterns in
children.
· School-age children usually sleep independently; however,
maintaining a normal bedtime routine is part of good sleep
hygiene. Sleep hygiene includes a number of practices that
support healthy sleep, like avoiding caffeine in the afternoon,
having a cool, dark room, and a relaxing bedtime routine. For
school-age children, this might involve a shower or bath, a
snack, and reading time, either alone or with a parents. It is best
to avoid screens, including smartphones and tablets, before bed.

3. · CDC RECOMMENDATIONS
· The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013)
recommends that newborns sleep between 16–18 hours per day.
A preschool-age child should sleep between 11–12 hours per
day. It is recommended that school-age children get nine to 11
hours of sleep per night. There is some room for individual
variation between children, with some managing well on eight
hours and others needing 12 hours a night to feel well. If a child
is consistently sleeping less than seven hours or more than 12
hours a night, a consultation with a pediatrician is appropriate
to assess their general health. Do keep in mind that children
may occasionally vary normal sleep patterns temporarily due to
illness or growth spurts.NuNutrition
Children who do not have access to quality food perform poorly
on tests of attention and memory. This lack of nutrition
significantly affects learning. Both inadequate or poor quality
food and too much food pose problems for children.
Parents should establish regular eating times and routines. In
addition, parents should be certain that children are eating both
breakfast and lunch, either at home or at school. Children
require regular meals, and should have access to healthy snacks,
within reason. For many parents, feeding children is a
significant source of stress--mealtime battles are common and
unhealthy.
Families help to create healthy eating habits when:
· They share regular meals.
· Have a variety of healthy snacks available.
· Avoid battles over food.
· Involve children in meal planning and cooking.
· Serve as a role model by making healthy food choices.
ASSISTANCE TO LOW-INCOME FAMILIES
If parents are unable to afford adequate food, programs exist in
many communities to offer assistance. The SNAP or
Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program is a federally
funded program that provides money for food to families in
need. In addition, local food banks and pantries can offer food

4. assistance. School breakfast and lunch programs provide free or
reduced cost meals to children, and in some low-income areas,
dinners, snacks, or even backpacks loaded with snacks and food
for the weekend are available.
Twenty to 30 percent of children in developed countries are
obese (Brooks, 2013). Obesity is linked to significant health
risks like heart disease and diabetes. The United States
Department of Agriculture created the website, Choose My
Plate, for consumers to have access to research-based
recommendations on nutrition and physical exercise. The
website contains nutritional and health recommendations from
preschool-age to adulthood. The website also includes sample
meal plans, grocery lists for shopping, calorie charts, and
educational material to support lesson plans for
educators.trition
Children who do not have access to quality food perform poorly
on tests of attention and memory. This lack of nutrition
significantly affects learning. Both inadequate or poor quality
food and too much food pose problems for children.
Parents should establish regular eating times and routines. In
addition, parents should be certain that children are eating both
breakfast and lunch, either at home or at school. Children
require regular meals, and should have access to healthy snacks,
within reason. For many parents, feeding children is a
significant source of stress--mealtime battles are common and
unhealthy.
Families help to create healthy eating habits when:
· They share regular meals.
· Have a variety of healthy snacks available.
· Avoid battles over food.
· Involve children in meal planning and cooking.
· Serve as a role model by making healthy food choices.
ASSISTANCE TO LOW-INCOME FAMILIES
If parents are unable to afford adequate food, programs exist in
many communities to offer assistance. The SNAP or

5. Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program is a federally
funded program that provides money for food to families in
need. In addition, local food banks and pantries can offer food
assistance. School breakfast and lunch programs provide free or
reduced cost meals to children, and in some low-income areas,
dinners, snacks, or even backpacks loaded with snacks and food
for the weekend are available.
Twenty to 30 percent of children in developed countries are
obese (Brooks, 2013). Obesity is linked to significant health
risks like heart disease and diabetes. The United States
Department of Agriculture created the website, Choose My
Plate, for consumers to have access to research-based
recommendations on nutrition and physical exercise. The
website contains nutritional and health recommendations from
preschool-age to adulthood. The website also includes sample
meal plans, grocery lists for shopping, calorie charts, and
educational material to support lesson plans for educators.
· The Parent's Role
· A child entering the teenage years goes through many changes
physically, emotionally, and cognitively. Older children and
teens experience the physical and emotional changes associated
with puberty, as well as changing cognitive skills. In addition,
children develop and change socially as they move through the
teen years, taking on new roles and responsibilities.
· Parents have an important role to provide emotional support
and monitor and guide thinking and behavior of their children.
Thoughtful and loving parenting in the teen years can facilitate
a good relationship between parents and their teens, helping to
support their teens in the transition from childhood to
adulthood. Parents also need to be prepared to step back and let
their maturing teen explore independence and gain confidence—
but with a safety net—until they reach mature
adulthood.SSchool-Age Children
School-age children, or children from six to 12 years of age, are
growing up. They have a range of new skills and abilities, but
they also raise new issues. Parents must now support them in

6. relationships with peers and siblings, behavior in the classroom,
healthy life choices, and engagement with the larger world. In
these years, children learn their parents’ and family’s personal
values, as well as begin to recognize the values of their society
as a whole.
Parents need to continue to work to develop positive
relationships with their children, and to support their children’s
ability to form new relationships outside of the immediate
family circle. Parents continue to exert a significant influence
on their children’s development. Physically, children now have
many of the skills they need to write, manipulate small objects,
and move their bodies in space. They can now learn to read and
do math, and are capable of complex thought. Social
development continues, with new and more complicated
relationships.
Children, during the elementary school years, begin to
encounter and engage with the outside world in new ways. They
become responsible for some of their own choices about
physical health, including food and physical activity, and often
have new access to a variety of media, including television and
the internet· chool-Age Children
· School-age children, or chilThe Development of School-Age
Children
School-age children continue to develop; however, this may be
less obvious than in past years. Development at this stage
includes, just as it did for the toddler and preschooler, cognitive
and language development, emotional and social development,
and physical development.
Many of the most noticeable developmental milestones in this
age group are social, emotional or intellectual. Physical
development continues, with increasing growth and overall
coordination. Language development includes full pronunciation
of all letters and sounds, as well as increasing vocabulary and
understanding of grammar. Parents are most likely to
understand and recognize changes in their child socially,
emotionally and intellectually.

7. SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL MILESTONES
Between six and 12, children should:
to be when they grow up.
their place in the world.
As you can see, many of these milestones relate to the
progressive and growing importance of peers, or same-age
individuals, in the child’s social development. Parents should be
sensitive and responsive to this, and encourage friendships for
children. Conflicts with peers are common and can be
emotionally quite upsetting.
MENTAL AND INTELLECTUAL MILESTONES
During the school-age years, children also develop mentally and
intellectually. Children will:
feelings.
These milestones illustrate the close connection between
emotional and cognitive development. While parents can see
their toddler gain new physical skills, they can see their school-
age child gain new emotional skills.
dren from six to 12 years of age, are growing up. They have a
range of School-age children spend more time away from
parents and the home setting. They are in school during the day,
and many are in after-school care in the afternoons. School-age
children often have extracurricular activities, including sports
and lessons.
They are learning to make friends and maintain relationships.
Sibling issues also may occur during this stage. Children who
were playmates as preschoolers may argue and fight now, while
children who struggled as preschoolers may be each other’s best
friends. In many cases, siblings will be the best of friends one

8. minute and the worst of enemies only minutes later. Parenting
and family dynamics has a significant impact on sibling
relationships; however, no amount of parenting will eliminate
sibling conflicts.
Parents can support children with the following actions.
new skills and abilities, but they also raise new issues. Parents
must now support them in relationships with peers and siblings,
behavior in thADOPTING AN AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING
STYLE
Parents who adopt an authoritative parenting style support their
children with a warm, emotionally supportive family
environment that has an established discipline approach that
focuses on natural and logical consequences rather than
punishment. When parents interact in a positive manner with
their children, the children learn positive social interaction
skills and use these skills with peers and other adults. The
authoritative parenting style ensures that children know the
reasons for and the expected standards of behavior. The parents
also consider the child’s perspective and include them in family
decision making. This style of parenting encourages children to
understand why certain social behaviors are required, and the
child develops increased social competence.
e classroom, healthy life choices, and engagement with the
larger world. InMAINTAINING SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS
Sibling relationships tend to reflect the quality of the parents’
marriage and the parent-child relationship with each child in the
family (Brooks, 2013). When parents are positive, emotionally
warm, and supportive to all the children in the family, siblings
tend to have better relationships. Conflict between family
members can cause depression, anxiety, and acting out
behaviors in early adolescence. Sibling rivalry, or jealousy and
conflict between siblings, is common even in positive and
healthy families. In most cases, siblings do, by adulthood, get
over sibling rivalry and become friends, but it can be a struggle

9. for parents and families.
these years, children learn their parents’ and family’s personal
values, MAINTAINING INVOLVEMENT WITH CHILDREN
Parents who are involved and talk to their child keep in touch
with what is happening in their child’s life. This involvement
helps the child to see the parent as a resource, someone who is
interested in their life, and can help with emotional bonding.
The parent can help the child talk through problem situations,
possibly reinterpret problems, think of alternates to solve
problems, and help their child to improve their social skills by
practicing scenarios. When parents talk about community and
world events, children learn about problems outside of their
family circle. They have the opportunity to consider larger
issues such as ethics and be part of a problem-solving
discussion. Children also have the opportunity to learn about
moral values.
· as well as begin to recognize the values of their society as a
whole.
PMAINTAINING FAMILY RITUALS
Family rituals, or regular, shared activities, routines, and
structure are important ways for family members to bond and
maintain social ties. When parents play board games, cards, or
read with their children, they build communication skills and
have fun. This involvement creates emotional bonding with the
family that increases the child’s emotional security. Families
that have routines that involve eating together or enjoying
certain activities together, have opportunities to talk and share
memories.
· ENCOURAGING CHILDREN TO TAKE PART IN
ACTIVITIES
· Parents can encourage their child to participate in hobbies,
sports, or other activities as a way to build confidence, meet
other people, and make friends. Hobbies, sports and activities

10. should be chosen with the child’s interests and abilities in
mind.· Supporting Peer Relationships
· As friendships become increasingly important for children,
parents need to support those developing friendships and help to
provide their children with the tools necessary to communicate
effectively in relationships.
· There are a number of ways parents can support children in
developing healthy friendships.
· GET TO KNOW YOUR CHILDREN’S FRIENDS
· PLAN ACTIVITIES AND PLAYDATES
· ENCOURAGE ENGAGEMENT WITH OTHERS
· PERSONALITIES
· While peer relationships are important, parents should also
recognize that personality differences play a key role here. If
the child is happy with only a few close friends, but functions
well in the classroom and other activities and is doing well, he
or she may simply be more introverted, or find time alone or in
small groups re-energizing. If the child has a large number of
friends and wants to be more involved, that’s simply personality
as well. That child is more extroverted, or finds time with
friends fulfilling.
· Difficult peer interactions can cause social anxiety, or an
excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations, depression,
or feelings of despondency, and make children not want to
engage with others. If a child does not want to go to school, is
avoiding the lunchroom, or refusing previously enjoyed
activities, careful consideration of the cause is in order.
those are not related to bullying?
tes to play with at recess and people
to sit with at lunch?

11. · Open conversation with children can reveal some of these
answers, but parents may also want to check in with teachers
and counselors to see if they are aware of, or have seen,
problems at school.
· A
· First, parents should try to get to know their children’s
friends. Volunteering in the classroom, taking children on
school or hobby-related outings, and having playdates are all
ways to meet and get to know children’s friends and classmates.
When a parent knows her child’s friends, she can help to set up
times for the children to play together and help to support those
friendships and interactions.
· Some children make friends easily, and keep their friends
easily. These children understand, quite naturally, how to
interact with others in positive ways. For these children, less
support may be necessary--parents should keep an eye on
interactions, and plan activities and playdates that work for both
or all children involved.
· Other children have a much harder time making friends.
Parents may need to be more involved in their child’s social life
to promote healthy engagement with peers. Extracurricular
activities can help children make friends with others with
shared interests, and parents can help by scheduling playdates
and encouraging their children to engage with others.
· Physical development or puberty in early adolescence begins
with unseen hormonal changes in both girls and boys that lead
to sexual maturity. Although each child or teen is different, the
general range of puberty for girls can be between the ages of 8-
17 and for boys between ages 9–20. This range covers the
beginning of puberty to the end of puberty, or full physical
maturation.
· In middle childhood, both boys and girls grow at a relatively
steady rate, with some spurts in growth. Height and size are
often largely determined by heredity, and within a group of
same-age children in middle childhood, variations in size of
four to five inches are common. Nutrition can also impact

12. childhood growth; inadequate caloric or nutrient intake may
restrict growth, while excess caloric intake may contribute to
obesity. Food intake typically increases during periods of
significant growth. In addition, during middle childhood,
children typically gain muscle mass, improve motor skills, and
experience changes to the texture of the skin.
· Growth changes significantly during puberty. Girls typically
gain height before boys--this is obvious if you have ever seen a
group of middle school students! Within just a year or two, the
boys will catch up, and often surpass the girls in height. For
both boys and girls, around 25 percent of growth in height
occurs during puberty.
· Puberty begins when the brain releases gonadotropin-releasing
hormone, or GnRH for short. This hormone enters the pituitary
gland and triggers the release of two additional hormones,
luteinizing hormone (LH for short) and follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH for short).
· In boys, these hormones trigger the production of testosterone
or the male sex hormone, and of sperm cells necessary for
reproduction. In girls, the same release of hormones triggers the
ovaries to begin producing estrogen. Girls are born with egg
cells for reproduction; however, estrogen is necessary to begin
the menstrual cycle and for the release of egg cells.
· Girls experience a growth spurt in height, the growth of
breasts, and development of sex organs, typically having their
first menstrual period by around 12.5 years old.
· Boys initially experience growth of the testes and scrotum in
early puberty. Approximately a year later, they experience a
growth spurt in height along with growth in the penis, facial,
and body hair.
· Individuals may experience these signs of puberty in a
different order, and some may develop earlier or later. In
addition, some teens may take longer to complete puberty than
others.
The early signs of puberty in girls include:
· The development of breast buds, typically around age 10.

13. · Peak growth around one year after the onset of puberty.
· Menstruation beginning around 18 months to two years after
the onset of puberty.
If a girl begins to show signs of puberty before age eight, or is
not showing signs of puberty by age 13, it is appropriate to seek
medical guidance from a pediatrician. Signs of puberty before
age eight are called precocious puberty.· Menstrual Cycle
· The menstrual cycle causes a number of physiological changes
each month. During the first half of the menstrual cycle, levels
of estrogen (the hormone most closely associated with female
reproduction) in the body rise. Estrogen levels cause the lining
of the uterus to grow and thicken. At the midpoint in the cycle,
around day 14 of a 28- day cycle, the ovaries release an egg.
The egg travels through the fallopian tube and into the uterus.
The three days before and the day of ovulation are the most
likely times for conception to occur. If the egg is not fertilized,
it begins to disintegrate and hormone levels fall. Around 14
days after ovulation, the unfertilized egg and the uterine lining
are shed during menstruation, or a period.
· Menstrual cycles can range from 21 to 35 days in length and
are counted from the first day of the menstrual period. Girls
cycles are typically quite irregular initially, becoming more
regular with age. Periods usually last three to five days, and can
vary from relatively light to quite heavy. Discomfort, cramping,
and moodiness are all commonly associated with the days
leading up to the menstrual period, as well as the period itself.
Parents may notice cycles, including moodiness, beginning
before their daughter gets her first period. Vaginal discharge
may begin, and is quite normal.
·
·
· rents need to continue to work to develop positive
relationships with their children, and to support their children’s
ability to form new relationships outside of the immediate
family circle. Parents continue to ePuberty for Boys
For boys, the early signs of puberty are:

14. · Enlargement of the testes and thinning and reddening of the
scrotum, typically around age 11; however, this can occur
between ages nine to 14.
· Peak growth around two years after the onset of puberty.
If a boy shows signs of puberty before age nine, or is not
showing signs of puberty by age 14, it is appropriate to seek
advice from the pediatrician.
· xert a significant influence on their children’s development.
Physically, Along with growth in the testes and penis, boys will
typically begin to experience erections, and, in some cases,
nocturnal emissions. Erections can happen because of sexual
thoughts or fantasies or for no reason at all, and are quite
common in pubescent boys.children now have many of the skills
they need to write, manipulate small objects, and move their
bodies in space. They can now learn to read and do mBoys’
voices will deepen, sometimes cracking as they change. This is
also a normal and typical part of puberty, and can occur at
different times during puberty for different individuals.
· ath, and are capable of complex thought. Social development
continues, Both boys and girls will experience the growth of
increased body hair in early puberty. This includes both armpit
and pubic hair. Initially the hair will be quite fine, becoming
more coarse over time. As parents and teachers know, this stage
is also accompanied by an increase in body odor. It is quite
important to stress the need for good personal hygiene, more
frequent bathing, and the use of deodorant to prevent odor.
Children and teens may not be aware of their own odor, and
gentle reminders from parents are important.
· wAcne may also begin. Parents can encourage good skin care
along with other forms of personal hygiene, and should be
aware that acne can be quite upsetting for teens, and cause
difficulties with self-confidence and self-esteem. If gentle
cleansing and over-the-counter products don’t help, or a teen is
experiencing painful cystic acne, a health care provider can
offer alternatives.aPhysical Growth
Physical growth in puberty is not only growth in height, but

15. also changes in the shape of the body. For boys, the shoulders
become wider and muscle mass increases, along with the size of
the penis and testes. Girls will typically become curvier,
developing both breasts and hips. Breast discomfort is quite
normal, as is some asymmetry in breast growth and
development.
ome boys may experience slight breast growth in puberty.
This typically resolves by the end of puberty.
and not of concern. Should weight gain seem concerning or
abnormal, discuss it with a pediatrician.
Parents should be aware of the physical changes of puberty and
should, before puberty begins, make sure that their child fully
understands what to expect with puberty. It is important to
recognize that these discussions should include conversations
about sexuality, including normal feelings and desires, values
about sexuality, and masturbation. For many parents, this is an
ideal time to talk about relationships, respect, and consent as
well. This will encourage open dialog between parent and child,
and help with future discussions about human sexuality as teens
enter a stage when dating and sexual activity become more
common.
A teenager’s schedule often involves some combination of
school, family commitments, and other extra activities like
sports, work, social activities, and community commitments. It
is a busy time, and the teenager can become sleep deprived, and
have poor nutrition. This lack of sleep will complicate a
teenager’s physical, cognitive, and social-emotional
development.
Parents can use the following techniques to support the physical
development of teenagers:
· Provide quality nutrition. Keep easy, healthy snacks
accessible, and maintain family meal traditions.
· Talk about the importance of sleep and exercise. Maintain
your own health to set a good example.
· Be aware of changes in your child’s body, discreetly

16. monitoring their health.
· Talk with the child about physical and emotional changes, as
well as behavior.
· Provide your child with honest and comprehensive sex
education. Be certain that they know about contraception and
safe sex, even if teen sexual activity is against your personal
values.
· Encourage teens to be involved in other activities to build
confidence and opportunities for friendships (e.g., hobbies,
sports, or community volunteer opportunities).
· Schedule annual well-child exams, but offer the option of
moving to an adult health care provider as your child gets older,
and maintain preventative health measures.
· Seek advice from school counseling staff or other child
professionals when you have questions or concerns.
While parenting teens requires less physical involvement from
parents than caring for younger children, continuing to work to
support the physical health, well-being and development of
teens continues to be important. Parents do still have some
control over the physical health of teens, but providing support
and care helps teens to feel loved, nurtured, and supported.
· nd more co
· When parents promote, establish, and maintain healthy
routines and lifestyles, they provide their children with the
foundation for healthy physical, emotional, social, and
intellectual growth. Healthy lifestyles include a variety of
factors. You likely immediately thought of exercise, or perhaps
food choices. Healthy lifestyles include safe and appropriate
behaviors, exercise, food choices, emotional support, self-care
and adequate sleep on a nightly basis.mplicated relationships.
· Children, during the elementary school years, begin to
encounter and eParents can prevent injuries to their children by
adding safeguards to dangerous areas of their home—
particularly in the kitchen, bathroom, and stair areas. Some
child-proofing devices include electrical outlet covers, cupboard
and window guards, stair gates, medicine safety caps, and

17. devices to control the temperature of hot water in the home.
Some of these things are less important as children get older--
there is no need for a baby gate with an eight-year-old;
however, parents should use thoughtful and honest judgment
when considering what is and is not appropriate for children.
nSometimes finding the time to exercise can be difficult.
Families can benefit from organizing or participating in
physical activities together. Parents can consider family bike
rides on bike trails, family walks or hikes, or even playing
online smartphone games that encourage walking or running.
Some families enjoy swimming together, and park visits are
more fun for children when mom and dad join in. For busy
families these activities also let the parents get much-needed
exercise.
· ORGANIZED SPORTS
· RECOMMENDED ACTIVITY
· CHILDREN’S EXERCISE
Organized sports are fine for children, but should be
developmentally appropriate, both physically and cognitively.
In addition, children should enjoy the sports they participate in-
-a child who hates team sports may like a tumbling class or one
who hates martial arts may love soccer. While many children’s
sports activities are relatively casual and low-risk, parents of
more devoted athletes or those in higher-risk activities should
be particularly conscientious about safety. Examples of less-
safe sports and athletic activities include contact sports, like
football and physically strenuous sports, like gymnastics and
ballet dance. In some cases, parents should pay special attention
to issues of weight connected to the sport--this is often more of
an issue for girls than boys.
· Parenting school-age children requires balancing rules and
discipline with support and communication. Parents need to
facilitate childhood friendships and peer interactions, provide
support for educational efforts, encourage healthy habits, and
monitor and supervise media use for their school-age children.
· Increasingly, parents may find themselves torn between or

18. struggling to manage these sometimes conflicting goals.
Children enjoy screen time, but too much of it is a bad thing.
Finding the time for healthy meals and exercise is a challenge,
and managing all of these along with school schedules can leave
parents feeling frayed and overwhelmed. When parents maintain
clear goals and priorities, they may find that they can more
easily meet the demands of parenthood.
· Parents continue to play an important role in their child’s
development through the teen years, from the beginning of
puberty to young adulthood; however, that role changes over
time. To maintain a strong relationship with teens, parents need
to gradually change their behavior to that of a supportive
advisor, rather than a ruler. They need to spend the teen years
preparing their children for independence and success with
kindness, guidance and wisdom.
· KEY TERMS· References
· American Academy of Pediatrics (2016). Car seats:
information for families. Retrieved
from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-
prevention/on-the-go/Pages/Car-Safety-Seats-Information-for-
Families.aspx
· Brooks, J. (2013). The process of parenting (9th ed).
NewYork: McGraw-Hill.
· CDC. (2008). Physical activity guidelines for Americans fact
sheet for health professionals on physical activity guidelines for
children and adolescents. Retrieved
from http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/downloads/pa_fact_sh
eet_children.pdf
· CDC. (2013). How much sleep do I need? Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/how_much_sleep.htm
Nelson, L. (2014) Menstruation and the Menstrual Cycle.
Retrieved
from https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-
publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html .
· Physical Changes during Puberty. (21 November 2015)
Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-

19. stages/gradeschool/puberty/Pages/Physical-Development-of-
School-Age-Children.aspx.
· Greenberg, J. S., Bruess, C. E., & Oswalt, S. B. (2014).
Exploring the dimensions of human sexuality (5th ed.).
Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
· Social and Emotional Changes in Adolescence. (2014)
Retrieved
from http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/social_and_emotional
_development_teenagers.html/context/1101 .· Image
Attributions
· All graphics are public domain images or stock images from
123RF.
· with the outside world in new ways. They become responsible
for some of their own choices about physical health, including
food and physical activity, and often have new access to a
variety of media, including television and the internet