designing of BP simulator

1. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
Arm Simulator for Blood Pressure Measurement
M. Tech. Project First Stage Seminar
Pushpa Gothwal
Supervisor: Prof. P. C. Pandey
Dept. Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay
October 2010

2. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 2/18
Presentation overview
1. Introduction
2. Blood pressure measurement method
3. Blood pressure simulator and their categorization
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
5. Summary and future work
1. Introduction
2. Blood pressure measurement method
3. Blood pressure simulator and their categorization
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
5. Summary and future work

3. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 3/18
1.Introduction
Arm simulator: Device for simulating the behavior of arm for
blood pressure (BP) measurement using Korotkoff sound as well
as oscillometric method.
Need of simulator
● Testing and calibrating the BP meter
● Teaching health care professionals
Aim: Design of low cost microcontroller based arm simulator for BP
measurement.
Arm simulator: Device for simulating the behavior of arm for
blood pressure (BP) measurement using Korotkoff sound as well
as oscillometric method.
Need of simulator
● Testing and calibrating the BP meter
● Teaching health care professionals
Aim: Design of low cost microcontroller based arm simulator for BP
measurement.

4. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 4/18
1. Introduction
Blood pressure measurement methods
3. Blood pressure simulator and their categorizations
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
5. Summary and future work
1. Introduction
Blood pressure measurement methods
3. Blood pressure simulator and their categorizations
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
5. Summary and future work

5. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 5/18
1. Invasive method(Direct)
Catheterization
2. Noninvasive method (Indirect)
● Auscultation method
● Oscillometric method
● Ultrasonic method
● Tonometry
1. Invasive method(Direct)
Catheterization
2. Noninvasive method (Indirect)
● Auscultation method
● Oscillometric method
● Ultrasonic method
● Tonometry

6. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
1. Introduction
2. Blood pressure measurement method
Blood pressure simulator and their categorizations
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
5. Summary and future work
1. Introduction
2. Blood pressure measurement method
Blood pressure simulator and their categorizations
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
5. Summary and future work
6/18

7. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 7/18
 Simulator is a device which simulating the pressure
readings for testing the BP instrument.
 They can be categorized as:
● Limb Simulator
● Waveform simulator
 Simulator is a device which simulating the pressure
readings for testing the BP instrument.
 They can be categorized as:
● Limb Simulator
● Waveform simulator

8. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 8/18
1. Limb simulator
It models the artificial arm(limb). It will be in the form of cylinder and the
transducer kept between the cuff and cylinder, which converts pressure
variation to voltage.
1. Limb simulator
It models the artificial arm(limb). It will be in the form of cylinder and the
transducer kept between the cuff and cylinder, which converts pressure
variation to voltage.
Adapted from [8]

9. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 9/18
2. Waveform Simulator
It simulate the oscillometric pressure pulses.
2. Waveform Simulator
It simulate the oscillometric pressure pulses.
Adapted from [8]

10. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
1. Introduction
2. Blood pressure simulator and their categorization
3. Blood pressure measurement method
Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
5. Summary and future work
10/18

11. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
Cuff pressure
sensor
SP DP MAP
K-sound
Heartbeat
generator
K-sound
Generation
Amplitude
calculator
Block diagram of Arm simulator
11/18

12. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
Hardware block of simulator
Pressure
sensor
Micro-
controller
LCDKey
-pad
DAC out
Pulses
ADC in
12/18

13. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
28 Pin PIC 16F1936
microcontroller is used
for simulator circuit
with 2x2 keypad .
1 key - Increment
2 key - Decrement
3 key - Right
4 key - Left
Parameters selected
by keypad are:
Systolic pressure (SP)
Diastolic pressure (DP)
Beat rate (BR)
Pulse volume (PV)
Arrhythmia (AR)
LCD and Keypad interfacing with microcontroller
13/18

14. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 14/18
1. Introduction
2. Blood pressure simulator and their categorization
3. Blood pressure Measurement method
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
Summary and Future work
1. Introduction
2. Blood pressure simulator and their categorization
3. Blood pressure Measurement method
4. Block diagram of blood pressure simulator
Summary and Future work

15. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
Summary of work done
 Literature review & study of arm simulator for blood pressure
measurement.
 Designed hardware simulator in which user can select the specified
parameter and change the parameter value.
Testing purpose output of pressure sensor is simulated by
potentiometer.
15/18

16. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 16/18
Development of the low cost arm simulator for BP measurement,
which simulate behavior of arm under different cardiovascular
condition.
Future work

17. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
Thank You
17/18

18. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
18
REFERENCES
[1] J. G. Webster,”Blood pressure and sound,” Medical Instrumentation Application and
Design, 2nd ed., Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin company, 1992, pp. 394-401.
[2] C. Guyton,” Physics of blood, blood flow, and pressure: Hemodynamics,” Textbook of
Medical Physiology, 7th ed., Philadelphia: saunders, 1986, pp. 206-209.
[3] Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, 2nd ed., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2009, pp.
218-227.
[4] K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam,” Cardiovascular system,” Essential of Medial
Physiology, 5th ed., New Delhi: Jaypee, 2010, pp. 500-504.
[5] J. J. Carr and J. M. Brown, “Physiological pressure and other cardiovascular
measurement,” Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology, 4th ed., Delhi:
Pearson Education, 2001, pp.234-245.
[6] W.Glover and R. Medero,”Arm Simulator for an Ossilometric blood pressure monitor,”
U.S. Patent 4,464,123, August 7, 1984.
[7] K. Ruiter and W. W. Ruiter,”Compact Ossilometric blood pressure simulator,” U.S.
Patent apl. 20100076713, 30 June, 2008.
[8] G.Gersak, A. Zemva, and J. Drnovsek. (2009, October) A procedure for evaluation of
non-invasive blood pressure simulators. Med Biol. Eng Comp.[online].47(12), pp.1221-
1228,Available: http://www.springerlink.com/content/351052r33660n551/fulltext.pdf.
[1] J. G. Webster,”Blood pressure and sound,” Medical Instrumentation Application and
Design, 2nd ed., Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin company, 1992, pp. 394-401.
[2] C. Guyton,” Physics of blood, blood flow, and pressure: Hemodynamics,” Textbook of
Medical Physiology, 7th ed., Philadelphia: saunders, 1986, pp. 206-209.
[3] Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, 2nd ed., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2009, pp.
218-227.
[4] K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam,” Cardiovascular system,” Essential of Medial
Physiology, 5th ed., New Delhi: Jaypee, 2010, pp. 500-504.
[5] J. J. Carr and J. M. Brown, “Physiological pressure and other cardiovascular
measurement,” Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology, 4th ed., Delhi:
Pearson Education, 2001, pp.234-245.
[6] W.Glover and R. Medero,”Arm Simulator for an Ossilometric blood pressure monitor,”
U.S. Patent 4,464,123, August 7, 1984.
[7] K. Ruiter and W. W. Ruiter,”Compact Ossilometric blood pressure simulator,” U.S.
Patent apl. 20100076713, 30 June, 2008.
[8] G.Gersak, A. Zemva, and J. Drnovsek. (2009, October) A procedure for evaluation of
non-invasive blood pressure simulators. Med Biol. Eng Comp.[online].47(12), pp.1221-
1228,Available: http://www.springerlink.com/content/351052r33660n551/fulltext.pdf.
18/18

19. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 19/19
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20. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 20
Indirect Measurement
Auscultatory method- The auscultatory technique is based on the sounds
caused by the blood flow.
Indirect Measurement
Auscultatory method- The auscultatory technique is based on the sounds
caused by the blood flow.
Adapted from [5]

21. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 21
Indirect Measurement
Oscillometric method
Indirect Measurement
Oscillometric method
Adapted from [5]

22. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in 22
Indirect Measurement
Ultrasonic method- It detects motion of blood vessel for BP measurement.
Indirect Measurement
Ultrasonic method- It detects motion of blood vessel for BP measurement.
Adapted from [5]

23. Pushpa6_bm@iitb.ac.in
Indirect Measurement
Tonometry method
Indirect Measurement
Tonometry method
23
Adapted from [5]