2. HISTORY
The first African literature is circa 2300-2100, when ancient
Egyptians begin using the burial texts to accompany their
dead. This include the first written accounts of creation-the
Memphite Declaration of Deties.
The word "papyrus" from which the paper is originated was
also invented by the Egyptians, and writing flourished.
3. Sub-Saharan Africa features a vibrant and varied oral culture.
They provide useful knowledge, ethical wisdom, and
creative motivation in a direct fashion.
HISTORY
Oral culture takes many forms: proverbs and riddles, epic
narratives, oration and personal testimony, praise poetry
and songs, chants and rituals, stories, legends and folk
tales.
4. PERIOD OF COLONIZATION
With the period of colonization, African oral traditions and
written works came under serious outside threat.
Europeans, justifying themselves with the Christian
ethics, tried to destroy the "pagan" and "primitive" culture
of Africans, to make them more pliable slaves.
5. THEMES OF AFRICAN LITERARY
WORKS
Oral literature: stories, dramas, riddles, histories, myths,
songs, proverbs, and other expressions, are frequently
employed to educate and entertain children.
Oral histories, myths, and proverbs additionally serve to
remind whole communitiesof their ancestors' heroic deeds,
their past, and the precedents for their customs and
traditions.
6. TRADITIONAL AFRICAN CUSTOMS
Africa has a multicultural society with innumerable African
tribes and ethnic groups throughout the continent.
Each group of people have customs that are unique to
them. However, in all ethnic groups throughout Africa, the
family unit is of the utmost importance and it is reflected in
the customs of each tribe.
One traditional custom in African culture is that of lobola,
where the groom pays the father of the bride in order to
compensate for the 'loss' of the man's daughter.
7. TRADITIONAL AFRICAN CUSTOMS
Traditionally, lobola was paid in cattle, a valued commodity
in many African cultures, but today many modern couples
pay lobola in cash.
Lobola is intended to bring together two families, fostering
mutual respect. It also indicates that the groom is financially
capable of supporting his wife. The negotiation of lobola can
take up to two days.
8. THE WEDDING
The wedding is held at night when the moon is full. It is
considered bad luck if the wedding takes place when the
moon is not bright. The wedding celabrations can lasts
several days but the bride's parents do not attend because it
is too sad for them and the events is intended to be a joyous
one.
A man can have as many wives as he can afford and the wives
share responsibilies of the daily chores, such as babysitting,
pounding corn, preparing meals, and washing clothes.
9. THE RITE OF PASSAGE
Circumcision, which is usually performed on males is, in
some cultures, performed on females as well.
The ritual is usually spread over a period of several months
and the one being being circumcised is forbidden from
screaming or crying because doing so is considered
cowardly behavior.
10. AFRICAN CULTURE
African Culture, "the self" is not separate from the world, it is
united and intermingled with narural and social environment.
It is through relations with one's community and sorroundings
that an individual becomes a person of volition, whose actions
and decisions affect the entire group rather than just oneself.
Xhosa proverb that is common to all African cultures and
languages, "Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu," (A person is a
person through persons").
11. AFRICAN ART
African arts and crafts include sculpture,
weaving, beading, painting, pottery, jewelry,
headgear and dress.
Art from particular regions have distinct
characteristics depending on beliefs, values
and customs, but commo themes found in art
include women, couples, children, animals, man
with a weapon, or acombination of these.
Masks are usually a repesentation of reliigious
and spiritual beliefs. They are used for
traditional ceremonies to honor deities or
ancestors.
12. The type of clothing worn across Africa
varies from north to south, and by
religious beliefs and traditional
customs. Some cultures wear colorful
attire, while others wear less color but
include shiny threads in their dressing
with minimal jewelry.
AFRICAN CLOTHING
13. The environment plays a huge part in
what kinds of foods are consumed in
different parts of the African continent.
Most cuisines include fruit, grain,
vegetables, milk and meat products.
AFRICAN FOOD
14. AFRICAN MUSIC
African music is as diverse as
the people, and has also been
influenced by music from
western world. Traditional
music in southern Africa
usually involves drum and
singing, and such intruments
as the thumb piano
accompanied by rattles made
from dried fruit or vegetable
with seeds inside.
15. AFRICAN CULTURE
Men from the Latuka tribe in Sudan still practice the tradition of
kidnapping a woman that they want to marry. After a Latuka man has
taken his bride-to-be, he goes back to the father of the woman to ask
for his blessing.
To protect their skin from the sun, the Himba peope of Northern
Namibia cover themselves with a mixture of red soil and milk fat, and
so they appear to have reddish skin. Theotjize mixture is considered to
be a beauty cosmetic. They also use wood ash for cleansing the hair
because water is scarce.
16. AFRICAN LANGUAGE
It is estimated that more than 800 languages are spoken in Africa;
however, they belong to comparatively few language families. Some
50 African languages have more than half a million speakers each, but
many others are spoken by relatively few people. Tonality is common
feature of indigenous African languages.
17. Answer Activity 3
letter A only p. 14 in
your module.
Google Classroom Link:
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