This presentation talks about the WHAT, WHY, and HOW of composting. Composting is the most natural of waste management methods. It is critical for solving waste MISmanagement issues, improving the fertility and conditioning of the soil, and mitigating climate change. There are many methods of composting like Bin, Tumbler, Pile, Pit, Vermicomposting, automatic composters and likewise.

1. z
The “What”, “Why”
and “How” of it!
Waste Management:
Composting
November 24, 2021 –
Session for IBS Software
By
Pratima Pandey
YouTube
Channel:
Conserve
Environment
With
PratimaPandey

2. z
Who is your session presenter today?
• M. Phil in Economics with
CERTIFICATION IN SWM
• Someone who has realized how
important composting is…
• YouTube channel: Conserve
Environment With PratimaPandey

3. MyYouTube
Channel:
Conserve
Environment
With
PratimaPandey

4. z
Why This Session?
GOAL:
Convincing nonstarters to take up
composting in some form within a week of
the session
&
Convincing those who have already started
composting to NOT give up!
(Connect with me beyond this session through Instagram or
email)

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Audience Groups
NT - All Parts of this session are relevant
for you
TS – Part 2 and 3 are more relevant

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This Session
Part 1: WHAT and WHY of COMPOSTING
Part 2: HOW to do COMPOSTING correctly
Part 3: Home Composting Demo and Quiz

7. Part 1:
WHAT and WHY of
COMPOSTING

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WHAT is Composting? – Wet waste and
segregation
Wet waste is practically our kitchen and
garden waste
Waste segregation is the first step to
composting

9. z
WHAT is Composting?
Mostly aerobic: Greens (small size) +
Browns (shredded) + Microbes + Moisture +
Aeration; Heat generated that also kills
weeds and pathogens
Composting is recycling of organic matter ;
it is natural process but speeds up in an
ideal environment

10. z
WHY Do We Do Composting? Three
reasons
Wet waste
management
Soil natural
fertilization and
conditioning
Mitigating
climate
change

11. z
Diseases
due to
sanitation
issues
Choked
drains
Threat to
animals
Tourism
losses
WHY Do We Do Composting? Resolving
waste-related issues
COMPOSTING VESTS POWER IN OUR HANDS
TO MANAGE 50% OF OUR WASTE 

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WHY Do We Do Composting? Soil
conditioning and enrichment
Improves root penetration by loosening the
soil
Improves water holding capacity
Protects surface soil from erosion
Makes soil stable
Increases aeration

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WHY Do We Do Composting? Soil
conditioning and enrichment
Increases soil temperature by its dark color
Mulching effect helps moderate soil
temperature
Adds nutrients like N, P, K, Cu, Zn, etc. and
increasing nutrient-holding capacity of soil
Provides active agents for germinating
plants
Provides food for growth of beneficial
microbes and earthworms

14. z
Wet waste dumps release Methane (a
potent greenhouse gas which causes
climate change), accounting for 1.5% of
human-origin carbon emissions
Aerobic composting takes care of that
Wet waste is mostly food waste; so food
waste reduction critical and we will have
lesser waste to compost
WHY Do We Do Composting? Climate
Change Mitigation

15. Part 2: HOW to do
COMPOSTING correctly

16. z
HOW To Do Composting Correctly – Types
of Composting
Aerobic – Managed (also called HOT
composting)
Anerobic – Managed (in home settings with
anerobic bins) or unmanaged as in pits
(also called COLD composting)

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HOW To Do Composting Correctly – Types
of Composting - Bokashi
Anerobic fermentation – yields a pre-
compost; pickled waste which is mixed
with cocopeat (provided with bins); time
taken 1.5 months; no odor; very easy
Bokashi Bins and bran (with specially
selected microbes); does NOT release
methane due to lowered pH
For ALL types of kitchen waste

18. z
HOW To Do Composting Correctly –
Aerobic - Basics
Greens: Nitrogen-rich food waste
Browns: Carbon-rich dry materials
Air by turning waste
Greens + Browns + Air + Moisture +
Microbes (Soil or compost or buttermilk or
commercial product)

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HOW To Do Composting Correctly –
Aerobic in basic settings
GREENS
• General food
waste
• Coffee grounds
and tea leaves
• Grass clippings
• Fruit scraps and
peels
• Veg scraps
• Egg shells
BROWNS
• Dry leaves
• Twigs & branches
• Dead and dried
plants
• Saw dust and
wood chips
• Paper/cardboard

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How To Do Composting Correctly – Which
method to use
Way of composting depends on what we
want to compost, at what level (individual
or community) , and with what level of
investment
Focus will be on home composting
(apartment and independent homes)

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How To Do Composting Correctly –Options
for Apartments
Any bucket, pot with holes in the bottom
and lid (discussed in Part 3)
Commercial bins - Compost genie (avoid
cooked food, meat, dairy, eggs), Daily
Dump (for all types of kitchen waste),
Trustbasket Bokashi bins – ranging 1-4K
on Amazon; Biodrop Bokashi bins (details
later in PPT)

22. z
Composting Gear – Options
4 bins for a family of 4 –
1 kg per day; one on
another
Rs 2799 on Amazon
Completes compost in
4-6 weeks; ALL kitchen
waste
Comes with 2 kg of
compost maker (REMIX
powder)
Daily Dump Gobble
Senior Plastic

23. z
Composting Gear – Options
Cost = Rs 1900
Set of two bins of 14 L
each
ALL types of food waste
Comes with compost
maker, manual
Around 1.5 months for
final compost
Trustbin_Bokashi

24. z
Composting Gear – Options
Cost = Rs 2400
Set of two bins of 25 L
each; comes with 5 L
bag of microbes
ALL types of food waste
Compost within a month
of getting full (takes
month to fill up for a
family of 3)
Green Bin composter

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Composting Gear – Options
Cost = Rs 2500
Set of 3 bins
For kitchen waste
Comes with BINS and
compost medium
Samata BioComposter
Bin_Kerala

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Composting Gear – Options
Cost = Rs 1800
ALL types of food waste
One bin of 14 L; and
compost maker; manual
Bokashi Bins_Kannur

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How To Do Composting Correctly – Additional
Options for Independent Homes (with open
space)
Plank Box or big bin
Drum Composter (6-10K depending on daily waste);
compost in 2-4 weeks
Vermicomposting; vermibeds are available on
Amazon; using by red wigglers and white worms
Pit method (aerobic and anerobic)

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Composting Gear – Options
Priced Rs. 3,499/-
For independent homes
and offices
Manages 1.2 kg per day
Compost ready in 45
days, comes with 3 bins,
compost maker, manual
Daily Dump Chomp
Triple Row Composter

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Composting Gear – Options
Cost = Rs 7000
Set of two bins of 30 L
each
ALL types of food and
garden waste
Compost within a month
It is rotary type; comes
with compost maker,
manual
Twin drum composter

30. z
Composting Gear – Options
Cost = Rs 15500
Comes with 7
accessories; fits in 2*2 ft
ALL types of kitchen
waste; upto 1 kg/day
Compost within 4-6
weeks
It is rotary type; comes
with compost maker,
manual
RUR Single drum
composter

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How To Do Composting Correctly –
Available Options - Community
Pile method – Rows of piles
(Wind rows) are constructed
Bin method
Tumbler method
Tank composting –cement
tanks
Organic waste converter –
automatic machine
Pile Windrows

32. Part 3:
Demo of Home Composting,
Quiz

33. z
Basic Home Bin Composting
Avoid if you are a beginner:
• Cooked food
• Meat, fish, bones
• Dairy
• Pet waste
• Oil and butter
• Weed seeds and diseased plants
Why: Pathogens, odor, rodents and pests,
interference with process

34. z
Basic Home Bin Composting
https://youtu.be/Xh_q3_5yu10

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Basic Home Composting – Issues and
Solutions
Fruit flies – layer waste with Newspaper or
muslin cloth
Odor (mostly methane and hydrogen
sulfide or else ammonia) – If methane, then
turn; if ammonia, spread out and add
browns

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Basic Home Composting – Issues and
Solutions
Bugs, small white worms (larvae of
shoulder fly) and white fungus – Normal; ;
make a moat for maggots
Appropriate temperature mgmt. by aeration
and moisturization

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Basic Home Composting – Issues and
Solutions
Courtesy :Daily Dump Learning

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Identifying Completely Done Compost,
Harvesting and Storage
Well-done compost is soil like, dark, crumbly
with earthly smell with no large chunks
It is neutral pH
For Daily Dump products, keep compost for
maturing for 1 month or more
Store in an airy, moisturized set up in any bin
or jute sack (for any period of time)

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Using Compost Correctly
Either crumble in surface (top coat the soil)
Or
Till it in soil
Pots: 2-3 parts of top soil to 1 part of
compost

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Using Compost Correctly
New Garden: 2” compost layer for 12” soil
Existing Garden: 2” addition yearly to
annual flower and vegetable gardens
Using ONLY compost as medium : less structural
support and excess of certain nutrients and
intervention in nutritional uptake and microbial
action

41. z
Quiz
1) By reducing dumping of wet
waste, we can tackle climate
change.
Yes No

42. z
Quiz
2) Is heat produced in aerobic
composting?
Yes No

43. z
Quiz
3) Is composting usually an aerobic
(or oxygen – using) process.
Yes No

44. z
Quiz
4) Organic waste is usually just a
small portion of our household
waste.
Yes No

45. z
Quiz
5) Dry leaves and papers are the
examples of the ' GREENS ' added
for composting
Yes No

46. z
Quiz
6) BOKASHI method is
anaerobic.
Yes No

47. z
Quiz
• 7) When we turn compost,
how does it help?
• A: It manages temperature evenly.
• B: It aerates waste leading to
faster decomposition.
• C: It prevents anaerobic
decomposition and foul odor.
• D: All of the above

48. z
Quiz
8) White fungus is a warning
sign while making compost.
Yes No

49. z
Quiz
9) What may be the problem of
adding meat, bones and dairy and
bakery products in home
composting set up?
A: Pests.
B: Pathogens.
C: Odor.
D: All of the above

50. z
Quiz
10) Compost increases water and
nutrient holding capacity of soil,
resulting in in lesser soil erosion
and more fertile soil
Yes No

51. z
ANSWERS
1) By reducing dumping of wet waste, we can tackle climate change. Yes
2) Is heat produced in aerobic composting? Yes
3) Is composting usually an aerobic (or oxygen–using) process? Yes
4) Organic waste is usually just a small portion of our household waste.
No
5) Dry leaves and papers are the examples of the ' GREENS ' added for
composting. No
6) BOKASHI method is anaerobic. Yes
7) When we turn compost, how does it help? All of the above
8) White fungus is a warning sign while making compost. No
9) What may be the problem of adding meat, bones and dairy and
bakery products in home composting set up? – All of the above
10) Compost increases water and nutrient holding capacity of soil,
resulting in in lesser soil erosion and more fertile soil. Yes
11)

52. Are we feeling the POWER
of managing 50% of our
waste?
Not Yet! Please raise your
doubts now…and also feel
free to connect with me after
the session!

53. Connect with me at
Thanksforjoiningmeinthis
session!
@pratima.n.pandey
https://www.facebook.com/ConserveEnvironm
ent/
YT channel:
Conserve
Environment
With
PratimaPandey