We, the human, always want to know about the origin of our modern shapes and our evolution. Here I tried to show some information about that through authentic sources from internet,articles and books. Hope it'll help you. Thanks!

2. Submitted By :
**I am thankful to my batch mates for giving me some sources**

3. 1.To study the line of human origin.
2.To understand the evolutionary process from
hominid to modern human.

4. A timeline of human evolution from around 7 million years ago to the present. The Homo genus (red) appeared around 2.8 million years ago, which gave rise to modern
humans.
Source : https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/homo-naledi-might-be-
a-million-years-younger-than-we-thought/page-2/ accessed 26th August,2019

5. Australopithecus afarensis
Species: Australopithecus afarensis
Name meaning: Southern Ape
Lived: 3.9 and 2.8 million years ago
Where: Africa, Ethiopia
Cultural Appearance: Lived in plane land,
Community based
Brain size: Brain was small, averaging
approximately 430 cubic centimeters.
Height: About 105-110 cm (Female) & 150cm
(Male)
Weight: About 29kg(Female) & 42 kg(Male)
Figure 1.1: Australopithecus Afarensis
Figure 1.2: Australopithecus afarensis upper jaw. Cast of the upper jaw
AL 222-1 discovered in Africa.
Source:https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-afarensis/ accessed
26th August,2019

6. Figure 1.3: Homo habilis
Species: Homo habilis
Name meaning: Handy Man
Lived: 2.4 and 1.4 million years ago
Where: Eastern & Southern Africa
Cultural Appearance: Community based, Stone
tools maker.
Brain size: Averaged 610 cubic centimetres in size.
Height: average 3 ft 4 in - 4 ft 5 in (100 - 135 cm)
Weight: 70lbs (39kg)
Homo habilis
Figure 1.4: Cast of OH 8 partial left bones.Source: http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-habilis accessed
26th august,2019

7. Figure 1.5: Homo ergaster
Species: Homo ergaster
Name meaning: Workman
Lived: 1.5 and 1.9 million years ago
Where: Africa
Cultural Appearance: Fire maker, stone tools
repairing, Proto-Language
Brain size: Averaged 860 cubic centimeters in size.
Height: 160cm (Female) & 180cm (Male)
Figure 1.6 : Cast of fossil KNM
ER-992Source : https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-
ergaster accessed 26th august,2019

8. Figure 1.7: Homo erectus
Species: Homo erectus
Name meaning: Upright Human
Lived: About 2.0 million years ago until at least
250,000 years ago
Where: Africa, Asia and perhaps Europe
Appearance: First cooker, Stone tools shaper
Brain size: About 550-1,250cm3
Height: About 1.4-1.8m
Weight: About 41-65kg
Source: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/homo-erectus-our-ancient-ancestor.html accessed 26th
august, 2019
Figure 1.8: Dmanisi fossils D2700 (skull 3) and
D2735, around 1.8 million years old. The Dmanisi
skulls look like an early form of Homo erectus

9. Figure 1.9: Homo antecessor
Species: Homo antecessor
Name meaning: Human Pioneer
Lived: About 800,000 to 1.2 million years ago
Where: Europe
Cultural Appearance: Cannibals, Spear maker
Brain size: Approximately 1000cc
Height: About 1.6-1.8m
Weight: About 90kg
Figure 2.0: A partial Homo antecessor skull that was unearthed at the Gran
Dolina cave site in the Atapuerca Mountains of Spain.
Source: https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-antecessor/
accessed 26th August 2019

10. Figure 2.1: Homo neanderthalensis
Species: Homo neanderthalensis
Name Meaning: Human from Neander valley
Lived: About 400,000 to 40,000 years ago
Where: Across Europe and southwest and central Asia
Cultural Appearance: Discovered- Ornaments, Red color,
Handy craft things, Language, Handicrach
Brain size: at least 1,200cm3 to 1,750cm3
Height: about 1.50-1.75m
Weight: about 64-82kg
Figure 2.2: The 400,000-year-old partial skull from Swanscombe
in Kent, thought to belong to an early Neanderthal woman
Source: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-were-the-
neanderthals.html accessed 26th august,2019

11. Figure 2.3: Homo sapiens
Species: Homo sapiens
Name Meaning : Wise Human
Lived: Archaic Homo sapiens from 300,000 years ago
& modern Homo sapiens from about 160,000 years ago
Where: Asia & Europe
Cultural Appearance: Stone tools specializer, modifier
of hard tools, fishing tools maker, agriculture based.
Brain size: Almost 1350cc-1500cc
Height: 160 cm (Female) & 175cm(Male)
Weight: About 120-140 pound
Figure 2.4 : Homo sapiens hand’s structure
Source : https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-sapiens-modern-
humans/ accessed 26th august,2019

12. Australopithecus Afarensis

13. Homo habilis

14. Homo ergaster

15. Homo erectus

16. Homo antecessor

17. Homo neanderthalensis

18. Homo sapiens