Project Loon is a Google's project aimed to provide internet to everyone across the globe . It is a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to provide ubiquitous Internet connectivity free of terrestrial constrains and with an affordable rate worldwide. This presentation was given by Prafulla M Akki, 8th sem, CSE from STJ Institute Of Technology, Ranebennur, during the "Technical Seminar-2020" (15CSS86) under the VTU university Belagavi, Karnataka, India. With reference from -https://loon.com For complete report contact- prafullaakki99@gmail.com Report Consists of- 1.Abstract 2.Chapters 3.Introduction 4.System Architecture 5.Supporting Technologies 4.Advantages and Disadvantages 5.Applications 6.Conclusion and future work 7.References ABSTRACT- The Internet is one of the most transformative technologies in human beings life. But for 2 out of every 3 people on the earth, a fast, an affordable Internet connection is still out of reach. And this is very far from being a solved problem. There are many terrestrial challenges to the Internet connectivity—jungles, archipelagos, mountains etc. There are cost challenges also. Solving these problems is not simply a question: it requires looking at the problem of access from the new angles. “PROJECT LOON” is one such initiative taken up by the Google to solve the above mentioned problems. Team Loon believes that it might actually be possible to build the ring of multiple balloons, flying around the globe on the stratospheric winds, that provides the Internet access to anybody. They built a system that uses the balloons, carried by wind at altitudes twice as high as the commercial air planes, to beam Internet access to the ground at speeds similar to today’s 3G networks or faster. As a result, balloons could become an option for connecting the rural and remote areas. And they hope it would help in communications after the natural disaster. The idea may sound a bit crazy—and that is part of the reason we are calling it Project Loon, but there is solid science behind it. The balloons are maneuvered by adjusting their altitude to float to a wind layer after identifying the wind layer with desired speed and direction using the wind data from the (NOAA). People connect with the balloon network with the help of a special Internet antenna attached to their buildings. The signal moves through the balloon network from balloon to balloon, then to a ground-based station connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), then onto the global Internet. The system aims to bring the Internet service to remote and rural areas badly served by existing provisions, and to refine the communication during natural disasters to affected regions.

1. VISVESWARAYYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL SEMINAR -2020
Title
PRESENTED BY:
PRAFULLA M AKKI
8th semester
(prafullaakki99@gmail.com)
Balloon-powered Internet
for all
“PROJECT LOON”
Prafulla Akki 1

2. CONTENTS:
Introduction
System Architecture
Advantages and Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion and Future Work
-Prafulla Akki 2

3. The Internet has transformed the way the world communicates, does
business, learns, governs, and exchanges ideas.
Right now, billions of people across the globe still do not have Internet
access specially in villages, hill stations, jungles, archipelagos,
mountains etc.,
Reason may be
Unable to building the infrastructure to deliver the connections.
Due to the costly data plans.
Hence getting majority of the global population into Internet
connectivity is one of the greatest challenges today and now we see
that hope from the Google Project Loon
– a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to
provide ubiquitous Internet connectivity free of terrestrial constrains
and with an affordable rate worldwide.
Mission statement:” Balloon-powered Internet for everyone in
the world.”
INTRODUCTION
-Prafulla Akki 3

4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The loon is comprised of 4 parts: Envelope, Solar panels, Equipment and Antenna.
Fig 1: Loon Architecture -Prafulla Akki 4

5. Envelope
Fig 2.1: Envelope of loon
Inflatable part of the balloon.
Made from sheets of polyethylene
plastic 0.076 mm thick, helps to protect
from UV rays, temperature variation of
150°C to -90°C.
When fully inflated stands 15 meters
wide 12 meters tall (a tennis court size)
It is filled with Helium and air mixture
Inside envelope, there is another
chamber called bladder or ballonet.
That helps to move balloon up and
down.
-Prafulla Akki 5

6. Project Loon is able to power itself
using only renewable energy -Solar
Energy
The array of solar panels that sits
between the envelope and the hardware.
These panels produce 100 Watts of
power - enough to keep the unit running
while also charging a battery for use at
night.
Panels
Fig 2.2: Solar panels
-Prafulla Akki 6

7. Equipment
It is a small box containing balloon’s
electronic equipments.
It’s is a mini-command center having : radio
sensors, satellite receivers, and Wi-Fi
electronics along with a stack of custom
Google X circuit-boards.
It also contains the batteries to store solar
power so the balloons can operate during the
night.
It can also measure the acceleration, take
temperature measurements, run
communications between the satellite and the
Wi-Fi networks. Fig 2.3: Loons Equipment
-Prafulla Akki 7

8. Antenna
They are attached to the households
or workplaces wherever the internet
connectivity needs to be established
It has 3 parts: Reflector, Patch
Antenna and Radio
The patch antenna receives the
reflected radio waves from the
reflector disc as well as the direct
waves. The radio transmits signals
to the devices.
Fig 2.4 : Antenna
-PrafullaAkki 8

9. WORKING
-Prafulla Akki 9

10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Connectivity to unserved regions
Humanitarian communications system
Wide Connectivity
Cost effective
Overcome Transmission delay
Use of renewable energy
-Prafulla Akki 10

11. Project Loon v/s Geo Stationary Satellites
Advantages
-Prafulla Akki 11

12. Disadvantages
Hardware failure
Maintenance
Internet Privacy
-Prafulla Akki 12

13. APPLICATIONS
2013
• On June 14, 2013 the project was officially announced by the Google.
• 16 June , Google began a pilot experiment in New Zealand.
• A sheep farmer in Canterbury, New Zealand is the first person who got connected to this
project.
2014
• A school in Brazil got the first internet connection.
• First LTE experiments and launch near the equator.
• Google partnered with France’s Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) on the project
2015
• On July 28, 2015, Google signed an agreement with officials of Information and
Communication Technology Agency (ICTA) – Sri Lanka.
2016
• In March 2016 , the Govt.,of India agreed to test the Loon.
2017
• Oct 6,2017 it begin to provide its LTE service to Puerto Rico. The balloons were launched from
Nevada using ML algorithms to direct them to Puerto Rico.
• It delivered connectivity to thousands of people in flood affected areas across the country- Peru.
2019
• Kenya signed for a deal with Project Loon.
-Prafulla Akki 13

14. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The Google[X] team has therefore taken an initiative to make the world
actually connected to one another by introducing Project Loon.
This project has come along a long way with successful Pilot Test and
also surpassing many environmental, engineering, political challenges
and now is seeking NASA’s intervention for its success worldwide.
The project aims at: “Forget the Internet, soon there will be
OUTERNET” The success of this project would thereby make us talk
about outernet.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
-Prafulla Akki 14

15. -Prafulla Akki 15