PEEM

1. Module 1 - Introduction
• Definition of project
• Project management
• Project life cycle
• Project types
• Project overruns
• Role, responsibilities, demands on project manager

2. Projects
• Any new structure, plant, process, system or software,
large or small, or the replacement, refurbishing,
renewal or removal of an existing one
• Every new design of car, aircraft, ship, refrigerator,
computer, crane, steel mill, refinery, production line,
sewer, road, bridge, dock, dam, power station, control
system, building or software package is a project.

3. Use of ‘Project’ for all these is logical because each is
• An investment of resources for an objective
• A cause of irreversible change
• Novel to some degree
• Concerned with the future
• Related to an expected result

4. • Criterion to invest in a project is that the goods or
services produced are more valuable than the
predicted cost of the project
• Project usually has a defined date of completion
• The work for project is a period of intense engineering
and other activities but is short in duration relative to
the subsequent working life of the investment

5. ‘Project’ - Definitions
• ‘a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or
service’
• ‘a discrete undertaking with defined objectives often including time,
cost and quality goals’
• ‘a unique set of coordinated activities, with definite starting and
finishing points, undertaken by an individual or organization to meet
specific objectives with defined schedule, cost and performance
parameters’

6. ‘Project’ - Characteristics
• It is temporary – having a start and finish
• Is unique in some way
• Has specific objectives
• Is the cause and means of change
• Involves risk and uncertainty
• Involves the commitment of human, material and
financial resources

7. Project Management
•PM implies some form of control over the
planned process of explicit change
•PM is the management of change, but explicitly
planned change, such that from the initial
concept, the change is directed towards the
unique creation of a functioning system

8. PM - Definition
•‘the art of directing and coordinating human and
material resources through the life of a project
by using modern management techniques to
achieve predetermined goals of scope, cost,
time, quality and participant satisfaction’

9. • ‘the planning, organization, monitoring and control of
all aspects of a project and all the motivation of all
involved to achieve project objectives safely and
within agreed time, cost and performance criteria’
• ‘ the planning, monitoring and control of all aspects of
a project and the motivation of all those involved to
achieve the project objectives on time and to cost,
quality and performance’

11. Project Life Cycle
• Each project has a beginning and an end
• Nature & scale of activities change at each stage
• Duration of the stages vary from project to project
• Stages can also overlap

12. Project Types
1. Civil Engineering, Construction, Petrochemical, Mining and
Quarrying
2. Manufacturing Projects
3. Management Projects

13. Civil Engineering, Construction, Petrochemical,
Mining and Quarrying
• These spring to mind most readily whenever industrial projects are
mentioned
• They incur special risks and problems of organization
• Require massive capital investment and rigorous management of
progress finance and quality

14. Manufacturing Projects
• Aims to produce a piece of equipment or machinery, ship, aircraft,
land vehicle or some other item of specially designed hardware

15. Management Projects
• Every company can expect to need project management expertise at
least once in its lifetime
• These are projects that arise when companies
a) relocate their headquarters,
b) develop and introduce a new computer system
c) Launch a marketing campaign
d) Prepare a feasibility report
e) Restructure the organisation

16. Project Overruns
• Project Overrun (Cost increase or budget overrun) means a budget
deficit that occurs in a result of unexpected costs
• Reasons:-
a) Underestimation of project costs
b) Overlooking project risks
c) Project Creep – Changing work content while the project is already
in progress
d) Poor performance of team members

17. Project Manager
• PM will take responsibility for planning, implementing and completing
the project
• Selection of project manager is one of the two or three most
important decisions concerning the project

18. Attributes, Skills & Qualities of PM
• A strong technical background
• A hard nosed manager
• A mature individual
• Someone who is currently available
• Someone on good terms with senior executives
• A person who can keep the project team happy
• One who has worked in several different departments

19. The best PM is the one who
can get the job done!!!!

20. • Hard workers are easy to find
• What is rare is the individual whose focus is one the
completion of a difficult job
• This drive to complete the tasks is the most important
• The PM must be competent in the science of project
management, but this is not sufficient
• The PM must also have technical competence in some
aspects of the work being performed on the project

21. Four major skills for PM
(with a powerful bias towards work completion)
• Credibility – Technical & Administrative
• Sensitivity – PM needs to sense interpersonal conflicts on the project
team or between team members and outsiders
• Leadership and Management style – PM must capitalize on people’s
strengths, cover their weaknesses, know when to take over and when
to give the team its head, know when to punish, when to
communicate, when to reward and when to remain silent
• Ability to handle stress

22. Responsibilities of PM
• Responsibility to the parent organization
• Responsibility to the project and client
• Responsibility to the members of the project team

23. • To prepare a preliminary budget and schedule
• To help select people to serve on the project team
• To get to know the client
• To make sure that proper facilities are available
• To ensure that any supplies required in the project life are
available
• To take care of routine details necessary to get the project
moving