This slide tells about the impacts of UNOFFICIAL BORDER BLOCKADE by INDIAN Govt on NEPAL. It might be helpful for those wanting to understand power and political dynamics between NEPAL and INDIA.

1. Impacts of Indian Blockade in Nepal
Presented By:-
Prabin Dhungel

2. Nepal-India ties since ages—Talk about Ram and Sita ties (“Roti-Beti”
relationship
Members of SAARC and S.Asian nations
Similar language, culture, norms, customs, values, tradition, script, religion,
way of life ,culinary, etc.
Hot and Cold relationship (On-Off relation) due to various controversies
Both have Presidential system and are Republic nations
Nepal—Land of Fighters/ Temples/ Peace/ Sagarmatha (Mt.Everest)/ Lord
Buddha
India--- Land of Gandhi/ Largest Democracy/Taj-Mahal/ IT Hub for the
world

3. Nepali and Hindi—origin in Sanskrit
Nepalis visit Chaar Dhaams (Badrinath/Kedarnath, Dwarka,
Jagannath, Rameswaram) and Indians visit Pashupatinath,
Lumbini
Constant disputes regarding border points, border pillars and
citizens
The Open border—headache for both nations –easy for the
criminals to hide

4. Former Indian Ambassador to Nepal Rakesh Sood notes on
Nepal-India relationship:-“No two neighboring countries
enjoy a more intimate and a more complex
relationship than India and Nepal. India is where
Nepalis come to study, work, spend holidays, plan
weddings, invest in a second home; yet, India is also
blamed for being insensitive, for meddling in
Nepal’s internal affairs and often, for taking Nepal
for granted.”

5. Two Treaties signed in 1950—
1. Treaty of Peace and Friendship in early 1950 signed by Nepal PM Mohan
Shamsher JBR and Indian Ambassador Chandreswar N. Singh---useful for
Nepal
2. Treaty of Sugauli– loss of 1/3 of territory for Nepal incl. Kumaon, Garhwal,
parts of Himachal Pradesh, E.Sikkim and other areas of Terai belt
Other treaty with the then British East India Company

6. Blockade means the blocking or sealing off the territories for entrance
and exit between two lands (or countries), which can be done by both
party or single party. It can be full or partial, depending upon the
administration.
Can be full or partial
28th US Prez Woodrow Wilson called blockade a “deadly force” that
could be used as “effective diplomatic tool [and weapon].
The US, the UK, the EU and Russia have used economic blockade
against Iraq, Somalia, Afghanistan, Iran and Yugoslavia for political
purpose.

7. Current Blockade in Nepal (Background)
• Promulgation of Nepal’s new constitution
• Escalating Terai-Madhesh unrest and violence
• India’s interference and displeasure
• Lobby to incorporate India’s demands in constitution via Ind. Ambassador
Ranjit Rae and Special Envoy of Modi
• Longer Terai-Madhesh issues and Unsanctioned Blockade imposed by India
• UDMF and Tharus also claim that blockade is imposed by them
• Inhumane act of War against Nepal and Attack on Nepal’s sovereignty

8. Blockade in Nepal (Contd.)
• Past (Official) blockades in 2026 B.S. and 2045 B.S.(1989 A.D.),
respectively
• Regarding 1989 Blockade, Nabin Khatiwada notes: - “Nepal had
faced a blockade for 13 months from March 1989 to April 1990 as the
then Trade and Transport Treaty expired and the two nations could not
reach an agreement to sign a new treaty…Nepal suffered huge scarcity
of petroleum, aviation fuel, lubricant, oil and kerosene that time and
people’s life was very harsh. Nepal government had to ferry petroleum
and aviation fuels needed from Singapore and Dhaka, Bangladesh at
high price.”

9. Vienna Convention Treaty
WTO treaty
General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) agreement
SAFTA pact
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic (BIMSTEC) pact
UN Convention of Law of Sea and Bilateral Trade treaty
Current Indian Blockade contravenes following Pacts/ treaties (As
Noted by Naya Patrika)

10. Impacts of Blockade in Nepal
• Hardships and difficulties for “Aam Nepalis” (Common Nepali citizens)
• accentuated the need for Nepal’s import-export transaction with other nations,
breaking off India’s monopoly in Nepal’s trade relation
• Acute shortage of petrol, LPG gas, diesel, kerosene, etc.—less public
transportation—overcrowding of passengers in public vehicles
• Black-marketing, looting, scamming, etc. on the rise
• Hefty price hike by dealers of Petroleum, noodles, cooking
ingredients, onions, vegetables and gas—Oil price hike
(Sunflower/Soya/mustard)
• Induction cooker and heater—blasting of transformers

11. Impacts of Blockade in Nepal
(Contd.)
• Petrol pumps duping—tampering with meters to sell less amt. of fuel
• Half-gas cylinders at hefty price (Govt-700/750—Dealers/sellers 1000+)
• Accidents of bus due to over-crowding and fire
• 10 million students (Schools/Colleges/Univ) affected directly—Classes are cut
short—course and syllabi are squeezed and hurried—less attendance
• Students in Terai-suffering since last 100 + days
• Dev. Activities are hampered—Construction of infrastructures affected such
as Gautam Buddha Int’l Airport, Sikta irrigation, Tamakoshi hydel, Fast
Track road (‘Hulaki Raajmaarga’), etc.
• More than 2000 industries –out of operation –2 million unemployed
• Huge setback in Tourism

12. Impacts of Blockade in Nepal (Contd.)
• Petrol pumps duping—tampering with meters to sell less amt. of fuel
• Half-gas cylinders at hefty price (Govt-700/750—Dealers/sellers 1000+)
• Accidents of bus due to over-crowding and fire
• 10 million students (Schools/Colleges/Univ) affected directly—Classes are cut short—
course and syllabi are squeezed and hurried—less attendance
• Students in Terai-suffering since last 100 + days
• Dev. Activities are hampered—Construction of infrastructures affected such as
Gautam Buddha Int’l Airport, Sikta irrigation, Tamakoshi hydel, Fast Track road
(‘Hulaki Raajmaarga’), etc.
• More than 2000 industries –out of operation –2 million unemployed
• Huge setback in Tourism---Dashain and Tihar Celebration
• Rehabilitation of EQ Victims—Skyrocketing market price

13. Impacts of Blockade in Nepal (Contd.)
• Hospitals– No Saline, anesthetics, operation equipment, anti-
biotics, essential drugs made in India---No production of drugs
made in Nepal—postponement of surgeries—halt hospital
services like Dialysis, diagnosis, ICU/ CCU, OPD, etc.
• Black-marketing, prod. of drugs with forward manufacturing
date—price hike—Sales of expired drugs

14. Positive Impacts of Blockade in Nepal
• Values of Self-Reliance, Independency
• Efficient use of Social Networking like Facebook and Twitter
(Cases of Carpool Kathmandu and MMR)
• Carpooling – Taking/Asking and Giving Lifts to people in
need
• MMR or Mens Room Reloaded:- free MESS/ Canteen and
water distribution
• Co-operation and Unity
• Patriotism

15. 23.7 % food-grains import from India
54.7 % less imports of medicinal drugs and raw materials
75 % cut in Internal Aviation
15-20 % Occupancy in Hotel (Hospitality )
Declination rate - 5 % in rice ., 10 % in maize, 10 % in paddy and 30 % in wheat production
25 % decline in Tourism-related jobs- Guides, Entrepreneurship
Impacts of Blockade in Percentage and
Number

16. Images Showing Impacts of Blockade

17. Blockade Report in Newspapers

18. Blockade report in Newspapers (Contd.)
©The Kathmandu Post

19. Blockade report in Newspapers (Contd.)

20. References
1. Dhakal, Prem. (2015, Oct 2). Indian Blockade in Nepal and apathy of UN.
Retrieved from http://m.setopati.net/opinion/9598/
2. Ghimire, Subhash. (2015, Oct 12). 1989 revisited. Republica, pp.07.
3. Khanal, Mukesh. (2015, Oct 28). Disturbing silence. Republica, pp.07.
4. Khatiwada, Nabin. (2015, Sep 26). Clash of egos resulted in blockade.
Retrieved from http://www.myrepublica.com/society/story/28797/clash-
of-egos-resulted-in-blockade.html
5. Lamichhane, Jaya. (2015, Nov 25). Beyond borders. The Kathmandu Post,
pp. 06.
6. Pangeni, Rudra and Dhungana, Sujan. (2015, Nov 19). Goons block LPG
supply at refilling plants. Republica, pp. 01.
7. Parajuli, Karuna. (2015, Oct 12). Go global. Republica, pp. 07.

21. References (Contd.)
8. Nepal facing medicine shortages due to fuel crisis, blockade.
(n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2015, from
http://www.tajavdo.com/videos/nepal-facing-medicine-
shortages-due-to-fuel-crisis-blockade/
9. India's undeclared blockade against Nepal (2045 BC). (n.d.).
Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://www.kantipur-
video.com/videos/indias-undeclared-blockade-against-nepal-
2045-bc/
11. Images are captured from various Newspapers