1. RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY
EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
Dr. P. Ponnuvel, M.V.Sc, Ph.D
Professor
Livestock Production and Management
Conservation of Indigenous Animals and birds
2. Resources in our country
• என்ன வளம் இல்லை இந்த
திருநாட்டில் ஏன் லைலை ஏந்த
வவண்டும் வவளிநாட்டில் ( all
resources available in our Nation)
• ஒழுங்ைாய் பாடு படு வைல்
ைாட்டில் (put hard work in field)
• உைரும் உன் மதிப்பு அைல்
நாட்டில் (your pride will be high in outside)
• இயற்றியவர்: A.மருதகாசி (1967)
3. Conservation of Indigenous Animals
and birds
• Livestock resources in India
• World’s highest livestock owner at about 512 million
• First in the total buffalo population in the world -
108 million buffaloes and in Milk production
• Second in the population of cattle-191 million
and goats - 145 million
• Third largest poultry market in the – 850 million
birds - world-95 billion eggs
• Third in the population of sheep (65 millions)
• Fifth in the population of ducks and chicken
• Ninth in camel population in the world 0.25 million
4. Contribution of livestock to people
• Food: The livestock provides food items such as Milk,
Meat and Eggs
• India is number one milk producer in the world. It is
producing about 176.34 million tones of milk in a year
(2017-18).
• Similarly it is producing about 95.22 billions of eggs,
7.70 million tonnes of meat in a year.
• India is producing about 41.5 million Kg of wool
• The value of output of livestock sector - Rs 9,17,910
crores -2016-17 which is about 31.25% of the value of
output from agricultural and allied sector
• Draft, dung, weed control, sports and companion
5. Role of livestock in farmers’ economy
• Income
• Employment
• Food
• Security- money
• Draft- transport and ploughing
• Dung- fertilizer
6. Livestock population- 20th Census
Sl. No Species Number Ranking in the
world population(in millions)
1 Cattle 191.9 Second(brazil)
2 Buffaloes 108.7 First
Total (in.Mithun and Yak) 300 First
3 Sheep 65 Third(china,Aus)
4 Goats 145.2 Second(china)
5 Pigs 10.3 -
6 Others 1.7 -
Total livestock 512.3
Total poultry 851.01 Seventh
7 Duck -
8 Chicken - Fifth
9 Camel - Ninth
7. Production of livestock in India
Sl. No. Product Quantity Ranking in the
world
1 MILK in million tonnes 176.3 FIRST
2 EGGS in billions Nos. 95 THIRD
3 MEAT million tonnes 7.7 NA
4 WOOL in million kgs. 41.5 NA
5 FISH in million metric
tonnes
12.61 SECOND
8. Conservation of Indigenous Animals
and birds
• Livestock resources in the world
• Breeds evolved suitable to local climate and
agriculture- culture
• In the world – 30 domestic species
• Breeds – 6300
• Every year loss of 30 to 40 breeds
9. Current status of breeds- India
Species
Defined
Breeds
Characterization
Docume
ntation
Phenotyp
ic
Genetic
Cattle 43 37 35 26
Buffalo 16 12 12 13
Goat 34 23 23 23
Sheep 43 35 37 25
Camel 09 04 04 01
Horse 07 06 06 03
10. Current status of breeds- India
Species
Defined
Breeds
Characterization
Docume
ntation
Phenotyp
ic
Genetic
Chicken 19 14 15 13
Yak 01 -- -- --
Mithun -- -- -- --
Pig 08 02 02 01
Donkey 02 01 01 01
Duck 01 01 01 01
Geese 01 01 01 01
11. Current status of breeds
• Total number of indigenous breeds in the
country becomes 184 comprising 43 cattle, 16
buffalo, 34 goat, 43 sheep, 7 horses and
ponies, 9 camel, 8 pig, 2 donkey and 19
chicken breeds etc.
• Breeds have to be conserved based on their
economic values, ecological and cultural
merits.
12. Conservation
Management of biosphere for the benefit to
present generation
while maintaining its potential to meet the
needs of future generations.
Literally protection of plant and animals from
damaging effects of human activity
13. Preservation
Preservation is the part of conservation by
which a sample of animal population is kept
in an isolated place, by providing an
environment free of human forces which
might bring about genetic changes
14. Reasons for conservation
• Breeds with specific qualities like disease
resistance, heat tolerance, etc.
• Future requirements of type and quality of
animal products ( meat, milk, skin, draught
power).
• To evaluate magnitude of genetic change due
to selection
15. …Reasons
• Variety of population is an asset for research
workers in biological evaluation, behavioural
studies, etc.
• Diverse population - excellent teaching materials.
• Valuable material of nature and culture.
• Preservation with diverse sizes, colours and other
morphological features, for aesthetic reason.
• For future generation and sustainability of
production
16. …… Reasons
• Many native breed populations are declining
due to many reasons including degraded
habitat and hybridization studies.
• Without conservation, some
declining breeds never recover and eventually
may become extinct.
17. Motives for conservation
• To avoid the loss of genetic materials which
would be valuable for future production
requirements (historical, socio-economic
status)
• Each breed may have valuable genes.
18. Categories of domestic population
• EXTINCT: No possibility of restoring the population, no
purebred males or females can be found.
• CRITICAL: Close to extinction, genetic variability
reduced below that of ancestral population.
• ENDANGERED: In danger of extinction, because of the
number is too small. Preservation must be carried out .
• INSECURE: Population number is decreasing rapidly
• VULNERABLE: Some effects endanger the existence of
the population.
• NORMAL : Population not in danger of extinction
19. Vulnerability of populations
S. No. Status No. of Breeding
females
1 Normal more than 10000
2 Insecure 5000 to 10000
3 Vulnerable 1000 to 5000
4 Endangered 100 to 1000
5 Critical less than 100
Population size of a breed for its status (thousands)
21. …Breeds requiring immediate
conservation
Species Breed Population
(Approx.)
Breeding
Tract
Horse Zanskari < 1000 Ladakh
Spiti < 1000 Spiti (H.P.)
Camel Bacterian (Do
uble humped)
72 Ladakh
Poultry All
indigenous
breeds
< 1000 each
22. Mechanism of conserving livestock
genetic resources
• Once genetic resources have been identified,
evaluated and characterized
• Two basic conservation methods are used
• In- situ conservation
• Ex-situ conservation
23. In-situ Conservation
• In-situ conservation requires establishment of
live animal breeding farms and their
maintenance within their production systems
and native ecology.
• In-situ conservation strategies emphasize use
of indigenous genetic resources for animal
sustainable production systems.
24. In-situ Conservation
• The major limitation of live animal
conservation (in-situ) is the number of animals
selected and maintained in its environment.
• With small population size, the effective
population size decreases and the genetic
structure of the population is affected due
to inbreeding.
25. In-situ Conservation
• In-situ conservation involves a large
infrastructure of land, buildings, feed and
fodder resources, water supply, labour,
technical and supervisory manpower, etc.
26. Population size
• In case of preservation of small populations, to
prevent undesirable effects of inbreeding - FAO
suggested a mating ratio of 5 males and 25
females, but a ratio of 50 males and 250 females
is recommended in case of traits with low
heritability.
• When preservation is through cryogenic
methods, semen from 25 unrelated males should
be frozen and embryos from 35 different mating
must be ensured for embryo freezing
27.
28. Advantages
• Live animals can be evaluated and improved
over years.
• Genetic defects, if any, could be eliminated
• Live animals are always available for
immediate use.
• The expenditure of live animal maintenance is
compensated from its produce
29. Disadvantages
• Many number animals are to be maintained
• If small population is to be maintained
considering cost of maintenance, inbreeding
may result.
30. Ex-situ Conservation
• Ex-situ conservation techniques are further
categorized into two groups viz.,
– Ex-situ cryopreservation of genetic materials: In
the form of haploid cells (spermatozoa, oocytes),
diploid cells (embryos, somatic cells) and DNA
– Ex-situ live: The maintenance of live animals of a
breed outside its production system and native
ecology (herds maintained in naturally protected /
reserved areas and farms, in zoos).
31. Ex-situ live method
• Ex-situ live method excludes the present socio-
economic and cultural values, as well as
ecological value.
• Ex-situ conservation however, continues to
provide powerful and safe tools for conserving
the AnGR being threatened / endangered and
facing extinction.
• Ex-situ live conservation is - supported by cryo-
preservation.
32. Ex-situ live method
• Interested governments, non-governmental
organizations, research institutions and
private enterprises should be encouraged.
• Ex-situ conservation is comparatively more
convenient, economical and easy with the
application of modern reproductive
technologies
33. Advantages
• Advantages
• Easily done without any change in the genetic
structure.
• Resource requirement for in-situ preservation is
quite large as compared to cryogenic methods.
• Limitations
• Ex-situ preservation using frozen semen delays the
restoration of a breed.
• An important danger faced by a breed restored
from cryogenic is changes in the environment like
germs , climate, etc. that have taken place over
the years.
34. Domestic animal genetic resources in
India
• Species
• Breeds of animals
• Characters
• Uses
35. Indigenous cattle breeds of India
• India has 43 indigenous breeds of cattle in addition to
non-descript category.
• There are 3 major types of cattle breeds as per their
utility
– Milch breeds: Sahiwal, Gir, Tharparkar and Red Sindhi
– Dual-purpose breeds: Deoni, Gaolao, Hariana,
Kankrej, Krishna Valley, Mewati and Ongole.
– Draught breeds: Amritmahal, Bachaur, Bargur, Dangi,
Hallikar, Kangayam, Kenkatha, Kherigarh, Khillari,
Malvi, Nagori, Nimari, Ponwar, Umblachery, Red
Kandhari and Siri.
- Dwarf breeds - Vechur and Punganur
39. Gir
This breed is otherwise
known as, Gujarati,
Kathiawari.
• Originated in Gir forests of
South Kathiawar in
Gujarat.
• Basic colours are white
with dark red or
chooclate-brown patches
or sometimes purely red.
• Horns are peculiarly
curved, giving a ‘half
moon’ appearance.
• Milk yield ranges from
1500-2800 kgs.
40. Sahiwal
• Originated inPakistan.
• This breed otherwise
known as Lola (loose
skin), Montgomery,
Multani.
• The colour is reddish or
pale red, sometimes
with white patches.
• The average milk yield
of this breed is between
1500 and 2500 kgs
41. RedSindhi
• Found in Karachi -
Pakistan.
• Colour is red with shades
varying from dark red to
light
• Milk yield ranges from
1500- 2600 kgs.
• Widely used in
crossbreeding
programmes.
42. Tharparkar
• Originated in Tharparkar -
Pakistan.
• Known as White Sindhi,
Gray Sindhi and Thari.
• Body colour is white or
light grey.
• Cows are good milch
animals (1,800 – 2600
kgs).
43. Dualpurposebreeds
• Hariana
• It was originated in
Haryana.
• Horns are small.
White, Prominent poll
• The bullocks are
good workers.
• Average milk yield is
900 to 1000 kgs per
lactation.
44. Ongole
• Known as Nellore.
• Home tract Andhra
Pradesh.
• Large heavy muscular
body.
• Grey white stumpy horn
thick at base
• Hump is well developed
• Black points at body
• Average milk yield is
1000 kgs..
• Brazil - for beef and milk
production
45. Kankrej
• Originated from Kutch of Gujarat
and adjoining Rajasthan
• Colour of the animal varies from
silver-grey to iron-grey or steel
black. Lyre shaped horn
• The gait of Kankrej is peculiar
called as 1 1/4 paces (sawai chal).
• Kankrej is valued for fast,
powerful, draught cattle.
• Milk - yielding about 1300 kgs.
46. Deoni
• Originated- Maharashtra
state and adjoining part
of Karnataka and
western Andhra Pradesh
states.
• Body colour is usually
spotted black and white.
• Horns grow outword and
backwords
• Milk yield ranges from
600 to 1230 kgs
47. Rathi
• Found in the of Rajasthan..
• It takes its name from a
pastoral tribe called Raths.
• The Breeding tract-lies in the
heart of Thar Desert
• The animals are usually brown
with white patches all over the
body, but animals having
completely brown or black coat
are also seen.
• The lactation milk yield ranges
from 1062 to 2810 Kg.
48. Drought purpose- Hallikar
• Originated from the former
princely state of
Vijayanagarm, presently
part of Karnataka.
• The colour is grey white.
• They are compact, muscular
and medium size animal
with long bulging forhead,
• Long horn with sharp
pointed tip, long face and
small ear.
• The breed is best known for
its draught capacity.
49. Amritmahal
• Originated in Hassan,
and Chitradurga district
of Karnataka.
• Amiritmahal are grey
cattle
• Horns are long and end
in sharp black points.
• Horns protruded
backside
• Ears small and erect,
dewlap small
• Poor milk producers.
51. Kangayam
• Originated in Kangayam,
Dharapuram, Perundurai,
Erode and Coimbatore district.
• Coat is red at birth, but
changes to grey at about 6
months of age.
• Bulls are grey with dark colour
in hump, fore and hind
quarters.
• Copra hooded horn
• Cows are grey or white..
• Average milk- 500 kgs
52. Bargur
• Found around Bargur hills in
Bhavani taluk of Coimbtore
district of Tamil nadu.
• Bargur cattle are of brown
colour with white markings.
• Some white or dark brown
animal are also seen.
• Animals are well built,
compact and medium in size.
• Milk yield – 400 kgs
53. Umblachery
• It is otherwise called as Jathi madu,
Mottai madu, Molai madu,
Therkathi madu.
• Originated in Thanjavur and
Nagappattinam
• Umblachery calves are generally
red or brown at birth with all the
characteristic white marking on the
face, on limbs and tail.
• Usually grey in color with white
points
• Milk yield -400kgs
54. KrishnaValley
• Originated from- the water
shed of the river Krishna in
Karnataka.
• Animals are large, having a
massive frame body.
• Tail almost reaches the
ground.
• Common colour grey white
with a darker shade on fore
and hind quarters in male.
• Adult females are more whitish
in appearance.
• Average milk yield - 900 kgs
55. Kherigarh
• Kherigarh - of Uttar Pradesh.
• The animals - are small but
active.
• Kherigarh have white coat
colour.
• Some animals have grey colour
distributed all over the body,
especially on face.
• Milk yield ranges 300 to 500
kgs
56. Malvi
• “Malwa” region- Madhya
Pradesh.
• Malvi cattle are white or white
greyish - darker in males on
neck, shoulders, hump and
quarters almost black.
• Cows and bullocks become
nearly pure white with age.
• The horns are curved and
emerge from the outer angle
of the poll in an outward and
upward direction .
• The average milk yield - 916
Kg.
57. Ponwar
• Ponwar- cattle from - Uttar
Pradesh.
• There is no particular pattern
but black and white patches
are intermixed.
• The animals behave in semi-
wild manner and are tough to
control.
• Bullocks are fast movers -
agricultural operations and
transportation.
• Cows produces- milk - 450kgs
58. Bachaur
• Bihar- also known as
“Bhutia”.
• Common colours of
Bachaur cattle is grey or
greyish white.
• The forehead is broad and
flat or slightly convex. The
eyes are large and
prominent.
• The breed is mainly used for
work and bullocks can work
for long periods without any
break.
• Average milk yield - 350
59. Gaolao
• Madhya Pradesh
• The breed is suitable for
transportation in hilly
areas.
• The coat colour is
blackish white in males
and white in females.
• Males are generally grey
over the neck..
• The milk yield - 600 kgs
60. Kenkatha
• Madhya Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh.
• Draught purpose and are very
popular for light draught on
road and for cultivation.
• Animals are small, sturdy and
powerful, varying in colour from
grey on the barrel to dark grey
on rest of the body.
• Thrive well on poor feed
resources.
61. RedKandhari
• Maharashtra
• Colour is uniform deep dark
red, -variations from a dull red
to almost brown are also
found.
• Horns are evenly curved and
medium sized.
• Bullocks - heavy agricultural
work like ploughing and
transportation.
• The cows produce – 600 Kgs
62. Siri
• Siri - West Bengal and
Sikkim
• Breed is either black or brown
with white patches.
• Animals are housed in slope of
hills in open houses.
• The males are reared for
draught purpose in the hilly
area and they are the only
source of draught power.
• The breed- milk average- 400
kgs
63. Vechur
• Vechur is one of the dwarf cattle
breeds of India,
• An average length of 124 cm and
height of 70- 87 cm,
• it is considered to the smallest cattle
breed in the world.
• It is known by the name of a place
Vechur - Kerala.
• The animals are light red, black and
white in colour.
• The animals are well adapted to the
hot and humid climate of the area.
• Milk production- 560 Kgs per lactation
66. Registered Breeds of Buffalo
S.No. Breed Home Tract
1 Bhadawari
Uttar Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh
2 Jaffarabadi Gujrat
3 Marathwadi Maharashtra
4 Mehsana Gujarat
5 Murrah Haryana
6 Nagpuri Maharashtra
7 Nili Ravi Punjab
8 Pandharpuri Maharashtra
67. Registered Breeds of Buffalo
S.No. Breed Home Tract
9 Surti Gujarat
10 Toda Tamilnadu
11 Banni Gujarat
12 Chilika Orissa
13 Kalahandi Odisha
14 Luit (Swamp) Assam and Manipur
15 Bargur Tamil Nadu
16 Chhattisgarhi Chhattisgarh
68. Murrah
• Most important breed of
buffaloes -Punjab and southern
parts of Delhi state- called
as Delhi, Kundi and Kali.
• The colour is usually jet black
with white markings on tail and
face .
• Tightly curved horn is an
important character of this
breed.
• Milk fat content is 7-8%.
• Average lactation yield- 1500 to
2500 kgs
69. Surti
• Gujarat.
• Coat colour varies from rusty
brown to silver-grey.
• The horns are sickle shaped,
moderately long and flat.
• The peculiarity of the breed is
two white collars, one round the
jaw and the other at the brisket
region
• The milk yield ranges from 1000
to 1300 kgs.
• High fat percentage in milk (8-12
%).
70. Jaffrabadi
• Kutch and Jamnagar districts of
Gujarat.
• This is the heaviest Indian breed
of buffalo.
• The horns are heavy, inclined to
droop at each side of the neck
and then turning up at point
(drooping horns).
• The udder is well developed with
funnel shaped teats.
• The average milk yield is 1000 to
1200 kgs per lactation.
• Traditional breeders called
Maldharis maintain this
71. Bhadawari
• Uttar Pradesh and Madhya
Pradesh.
• Medium sized buffalo.
• Body is usually light or copper
coloured is a peculiarity of this
breed.
• Eye lids are generally copper or
light brown colour.
• The average milk yield is 800 to
1000 kgs per lactation.
• The fat content of milk varies
from 6 to 12.5 per cent.
• An efficient converter of coarse
feed
72. Nili Ravi
• Pakistan of undivided
India.
• The peculiarity of the
breed is the wall eyes.
• Head is small, elongated,
bulging at top and
depressed between eyes.
• Horns are very small and
tightly coiled.
• The milk yield is 1500-
1850 kgs per lactation.
73. Mehsana
• Mehsana- in Gujarat and
adjoining Maharashtra
state.
• The breed is evolved out of
crossbreeding between the
Surti and the Murrah.
• Body is longer than Murrah
but limbs are lighter.
• The horns are less curved
than in Murrah and are
irregular.
• The milk yield is 1200-1500
kgs
74. Nagpuri
• Maharashtra.
• These are black coloured
animal with white patches
on face, legs and tail.
• The horns are long, flat
and curved, bending
backward on each side of
the back. (Sward shaped
horns).
• The milk yield ranges from
700 to 1200 kgs
75. Toda
• Toda of Nilgiris Hills of
south India – toda tribes
• The predominate coat
colours are fawn and ash-
grey.
• The horns are set wide
apart curving inward,
outward and forward
forming a characteristic
crescent shape.
• The average milk yield is
500 kgs- fat content of 8%.
76. Sheep breeds
• 43 registered indigenous sheep breeds are
available in India
77. Indian sheep breeds
• Mecheri-Salem, Erode, Karur,
Namakkal, and fewer parts of
Dharmapuri districts of
Tamilnadu
• It is a meat purpose breed
• It has medium sized body
• There are no horns for both
sexes.
• Tail is smaller and slender
• Adult male-weight
36kg.
• Adult female -weight 22kg
78. Madras red
• Distributed in Chennai,
Kancheepuram, Villupuram,
Thiruvannamalai districts of
Tamilnadu
• It is meat purpose breed
• Majority are reddish brown
in colour
• Certain animals have colored
stripes on their forehead
• Adult male- 35kg
• Adult females- 25 kg
79. Ramanadhapuram white
• Distributed in Ramanadhapuram,
Sivagangai, and Virudhunagar
districts of Tamilnadu
• It is meat purpose breed
• It has medium sized body
• Majority of them are white in
color- hold black coloured stripes .
• Adult males have their bent
horns, whereas females polled
• Adult male- 31kg
• Adult female- 23kg
80. Keezhakaraisal
• Distributed in
Ramanadhapuram, Sivagangai
and Thirunelveli districts of
Tamilnadu
• It is meat purpose breed
• It has medium sized body
• It is found in black red colour
• Black colour bands are found
on the skin in the regions of
head, stomach and legs
• Adult male sheep are found
with stronger coiled horns
• Adult male- 29kg
• Adult female- 22kg
81. Vembur
• Distributed in Vembur,
Tuticorin and Virudhunagar
districts of Tamilnadu.
• It is meat purpose breed.
• They have white colour skin
with red colour spots over
their body.
• Ears are drooped out.
• Adult males are found with
horns and females polled.
• Adult males- 35 kgs
.
• Adult females- 28kgs
82. Neelagiri
• Distributed in Neelagiri district
of Tamilnadu.
• It is wool purpose breed.
• They are medium weighed
animal.
• Majority are found in white
colours.
• Ears are broad and drooped
out.
• Females polled males horned.
• Adult male - 32kg.
• Adult female- 30kg.
83. Trichy black
• Distributed in Trichy,
Perambalur, Dharmapuri and
Salem districts of Tamilnadu.
• It is coarse wool purpose breed.
• These are smaller breeds.
• Black coloured all over the
body.
• Ears are smaller, facing forward
and downwards.
• Adult male - 26kg.
• Adult female - 19kg.
84. Coimbatore
• Distributed in Coimbatore district
of Tamilnadu.
• It is meat purpose breed.
• Medium weighed animal.
• Found in white colours, with
black or brown colour bands,
seen over the regions of head
and neck.
• Adult male-25kg.
• Adult female- 20kg.
85. Deccani
• Deccani breed is an admixture of
the woolly types of Rajasthan and
the hairy types of Tamil Nadu.
• Found in Bombay-Deccan region
and parts of Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh States.
• The sheep is small and hardy.
• It possesses a coloured fleece,
black and gray colours dominant.
• The average annual yield of wool
being 4.50 kg per sheep.
• The wool is of a low grade
• Maintained chiefly for mutton.
86. Nellore
• Nellore and Ongole districts of
Andhra Pradesh.
• Nellore is the tallest breed of sheep
in India
• It has a long face and long ears
• The majority of the flocks are of
fawn or deep red fawn colour
• Rams are homed ewes are polled.
• Long and drooping ears
• Majority of animals carry wattles.
• Males- 36 kg and female- 28 kg
87. Mandya
• It is distributed in Mandya
district of Karnataka.
• Relatively small animals -colour
white - sometimes face is light
brown which may extend up to
neck.
• Compact body with typical
reversed "U" shaped
conformation from the rear.
• Ears long, leafy and drooping.
• Both sexes polled.
• Adult male- 35 kg and female
weighs 23 kg.
• Best mutton type conformation
88. Marwari
• Jodhpur and parts of Jaipur districts.
• Sheep are hardy, yielding coarser
carpet variety white wool
• sheep is characterized by long legs,
black face and a prominent nose.
• Wattles are often present.
• The animals migrate to distant
places in Uttar Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh
• They possess high resistance to
disease and worms.
• The yield of wool per year is 0.90-
1.80 kg per animal
89. List of sheep breeds
S.N. Breed Home Tract
1 Balangir Orissa
2 Bellary Karnataka
3 Bhakarwal Jammu and Kashmir
4 Bonpala Sikkim
5 Changthangi Jammu and Kashmir
6 Chokla Rajasthan
7 Chottnagpuri Jharkhand
8 Coimbatore Tamilnadu
9 Deccani
Andhra Pradesh and
Maharashtra
90. List of sheep breeds
S.N. Breed Home Tract
10 Gaddi Himachal Pradesh
11 Ganjam Orissa
12 Garole West Bengal
13 Gurez Jammu and Kashmir
14 Hassan Karnataka
15 Jaisalmeri Rajasthan
16 Jalauni
Uttar Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh
17 Karnah Jammu and Kashmir
18 Kenguri Karnataka
91. List of sheep breeds
S.N. Breed Home Tract
19 Kilakarsal Tamilnadu
20 Madras Red Tamilnadu
21 Magra Rajasthan
22 Malpura Rajasthan
23 Mandya Karnataka
24 Marwari Rajasthan and Gujarat
25 Mecheri Tamilnadu
26 Muzzafarnagri
Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand
27 Nali Rajasthan
28 Nellore Andhra Pradesh
29 Nilgiri Tamilnadu
92. List of sheep breeds
S.N. Breed Home Tract
30 Patanwadi Gujarat
31 Poonchi Jammu and Kashmir
32 Pugal Rajasthan
33 Ramnad White Tamilnadu
34 Rampur Bushair Himachal Pradesh
35 Shahbadi Bihar
36 Sonadi Rajasthan
37 Tibetan Arunachal Pradesh
38 Tiruchi Black Tamilnadu
39 Vembur Tamilnadu
40 Katchaikatty Black Tamilnadu
41 Chevaadu Tamilnadu
42 Kendrapada Odisha
93. Goat breeds
• 34 registered indigenous goat
breeds are available in India
94. Jamunapari
• Uttar Pradesh
• Its coat colour is white with
tan or black markings at neck
and ears
• Have Roman nose , long-
legged goats with tuft of long
hairs in the buttocks.
• Their ears are long and
drooped
• An adult female 45kgs to
60kgs
• Adult male 65kgs to 80kgs.
• Yield 2 to 2.5kgs of milk per
day.
95. Beetal
• Punjab
• Grown mainly for the purpose
of milk and meat.
• Coat Colour is predominantly
black or brown with white
spots
• An adult female goat ranges
between 40kgs to 50kgs
• Adult male ranges between
50kgs to 70kgs.
• Average lactation yield - 150
kg.
• Yield - 1 kg to 2 kgs of milk per
day.
96. Barbari
• Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
• Barbari breeds are grown
mainly for milk and meat
purpose.
• The colour of this breed is white
with light brown patches.
• An adult female goat weighs
between 25kgs to 35kgs
• Adult male goat ranges between
35kgs to 45kgs.
• Yield - 1.0 kg to 1.5kgs of milk
per day.
97. Tellicherry / Malabari
• Kerala.
• It is grown mostly for the
purpose of meat.
• Generally seen in white,
brown and black colours.
• An adult female ranges in
weight from 30 to 40kgs
• Adult male ranges between
40 to 50kgs.
• Yield one kg of milk per day.
• They can give two to three
kids in a parturition.
98. Sirohi
• Rajasthan state
• Coat colour is brown, white,
and admixture of colours in
typical patches; hair coarse
and short.
• Compact and medium sized
body.
• Average body weight
of buck is 50 and doe is 23
kg.
• Average milk yield – 0.50 kg
99. Osmanabadi
• Maharashtra state and also
neighboring states of
Karnataka and Telangana
• Coat colour is predominantly
black-white, brown and
spotted occur.
• It has good quality meat.
• Adult male- 36kgs
• Adult female – 30kgs
• Average milk 1.0 – 1.50 kg per
day
100. Kanni aadu
• Found in Thirunelveli and
Ramanadhapuram districts of
Tamilnadu.
• They grow well in the draught
regions
• Black or white spots in the black
background are the
characteristics colours of this
breed.
• Grown for meat purpose.
• Adult females - 25kgs to 30kgs
• Adult males - 35kgs to 40kgs
• They are having ability to give
birth to 2 to 3 kids.
101. Kodi aadu
• Sivagangai, Ramanadhapuram,
and Tuticorin districts of
Tamilnadu
• Taller and found with different
colours, but predominantly
black
• They are usually grown for the
purpose of guiding the goat
flocks, which goes for grazing..
• Adult males - 21kgs to 25kgs
• Adult females - 18kgs to 20kgs
102. Black Bengal
Coat colour is predominantly
black, with soft, glossy and short
hairs.
Dwarf in body size, legs short,
straight back; both sexes are
bearded.
Average live weight of buck is 15
kg and doe is 12 kg.
Most prolific - Multiple births are
common - two, three or four kids
are born at a time.
Average lactation yield is 53 kg
Its skin is in great demand for
high quality shoe-making.
103. Chegu
kashmir region
These are raised for meat and
pashmina
Coat colour is predominantly white
but greyish red and mixed colours
are also seen.
Average buck live weight of buck is
39 kg and doe -26 kg.
Average lactation yield is 69 kg
Have long hair with under coat of
delicate fibre below (Cashmere or
Pashmina ).
Used for draught (pack) to carry
salt and small loads.
104. Changthangi
• Ladakh in Kashmir, India
• Predominantly white and the
rest are brown, grey and black.
• Undercoat white/grey -
Pashmina
• Body and legs are small, have
strong body and powerful legs.
• Ears are small, pricked and
pointed outwards.
• Horns are large turning
outward, upward and inward
forming a semicircular ring.
• Average live weight of buck is
20 and doe is 18 kg
105. List of indigenous goat breeds in India
S.N. Breed Home Tract
1 Attapady Kerala
2 Barbari
Uttar Pradesh and
Rajasthan
3 Beetal Punjab
4 Black Bengal West Bengal
5 Changthangi Jammu and Kashmir
6 Chegu Himachal Pradesh
7 Gaddi Himachal Pradesh
8 Ganjam Orissa
9 Gohilwadi Gujarat
10 Jakhrana Rajasthan
106. List of indigenous goat breeds in India
S.N. Breed Home Tract
11 Jamunapari Uttar Pradesh
12 KanniAdu Tamilnadu
13 Kutchi Gujarat
14 Malabari Kerala
15 Marwari Rajasthan
16 Mehsana Gujarat
17 Osmanabadi Maharashtra
18 Sangamneri Maharashtra
19 Sirohi Rajasthan and Gujarat
20 Surti Gujarat
107. S.NO. Breed Home Tract
21 Zalawadi Gujarat
22 Konkan Kanyal Maharashtra
23 Berari Maharashtra
24 Pantja Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh
25 Teressa Andaman & Nicobar
26 Kodi Adu Tamil Nadu
27 Salem Black Tamil Nadu
28 Sumi-Ne Nagaland
29 Kahmi Gujarat
30 Rohilkhandi Uttar Pradesh
31 Assam Hill Assam and Meghalaya
32 Bidri Karnataka
33 Nandidurga Karnataka
34 Bhakarwali Jammu and Kashmir
112. Merits
Low or no inputs and survive well on
scavenging and leftover feed
Hardy and better resistance to diseases
Thrive well in harsh conditions and from
predation
Good mothering ability
114. Classification
Breed Type Breed and
Distribution area
Characteristics
Heavy type Aseel (Central India),
Chittgong (Eastern
India),
Deothigiri (Assam),
Danki (Andhra
Pradesh);
Ghagus (Karnataka),
Tellichery (Kerala),
Punjab
Brown (Punjab).
Body weight
Male - >=3.0 kg
Female - >=2.0 kg.
Egg Production : 30-
60 eggs
Source: Khan (2008)
115. Breed Type Breed and Distribution
area
Characteristics
Light type Ankaleshwar (Gujrat),
Bursa (Gujrat,
Maharashtra),
Hirranghatta Black (West
Bengal), Kadaknath
(Madhya Pradesh),
Kashmir Faverrolla
(Kashmir),
Miri (Assam), Naked neck
(West Coast), Nicobari
(Andaman Nicobar),
Kalasathi (Andhra
Pradesh) and
Tani, Titri (Uttar Pradesh)
Body weight
Male - 1.6 to 2.0 kg
Female - 0.9 to 1.4 kg.
Egg Production :
40 - 90 eggs
116. Indigenous (Desi) breeds of India
Name Habitat Characteristics
Aseel / Asil
(Peela –golden red,
Yakub-black and
red, Nuri-white,
Kagar- black,
Chitta,Java-black,
Reza-light brown,
Teekar-brown,
Sabja-whiteand
golden
A.P A game bird well known for its high stamina,
majestic gait and dogged fighting qualities. It is
the biggest in size among native breeds which
measure 28 inches from back to toe. The
standard weight varies from 3 to 5 kg for cocks
and 2 to 4 kg for hens
Ankaleshwar Gujarat Small single combed bird well known for its
hardiness but is poor in productivity
Busra Gujarat
Maharastra
A small to medium sized bird having non-
significant character
117. Indigenous (Desi) breeds of India
Name Habitat Characteristics
Brown
Desi
Uttar Pradesh A light to deep brown layer type single combed
bird.
Chittagong
(Malay)
North-eastern
states
A large bird measuring 3.5 to 4.5 kg for cocks and
3 to 4 kg for hens. The adult birds are very
strong and possess all characteristics of a good
game bird.
Daothigir Assam A fairly heavy breed with good juvenile growth,
mostly reared by Bodo community.
Denki Andhra Pradesh A fairly heavy breed with glossy and lustrous
plumage with compressed single comb. The
cocks with long necks and legs good fighters.
resistant to diseases.
118. Indigenous (Desi) breeds of India Contd…
Name Habitat Characteristics
Frizzle fowl Hot and
humid
coastal
regions
Rachis of the feather is curved due to presence of
dominant Frizzle Gene (F) due to which plumage
looks curly and heat dissipation is increased. Better
adaptability in tropical climate especially for arid
zones.
Ghagus Andhra
Pradesh
and
Karnatak
a
Small sized bird with small comb and wattles. Neck is
thick and . Some birds possess whiskers. Birds are
hardy and supposed to be resistant to a number of
common diseases. reared by nomadic tribes.
Haringhata
Black
West Bengal A small bodied black bird with typical conformation of a
layer.
119. Indigenous (Desi) breeds of India Contd…
Name Habitat Characteristics
Kadaknath
Kalamasi
M P A medium sized egg type chicken. The skin, beak,
shank, toes and soles of feet of males and females
are black color. Even the comb, wattle and tongue
also show a purplish blue. The shining blue tinge of
the earlobes most of the internal organs show the
characteristic black pigmentation. Varying degree of
blackish coloration is also found in the skeletal
muscles, tendons, nerves, meninges, brain and bone
marrow.
Kalasthi
Kalahasthi
A P Birds closely resemble Denki except that these are
smaller in size.
Faverolla Kashmir Small sized birds with small comb and wattles.
Feathered comb is the peculiarity of this breed.
120. Indigenous (Desi) breeds of India Contd…
Name Habitat Characteristics
Miri Assam A small sized black bird, mostly reared by
Miri tribe. A dual purpose bird.
Naked
neck
Hot and humid
coastal
regions and
Kerala
As the name indicates neck of the birds are
fully naked or only a tuft of feathers are
seen on the front of the neck above crop.
The resulting bare skin becomes reddish
particularly in males as they approach
sexual maturity. Adaptability of birds is
increased in hot humid tropics
Nicobari Nicobar group
of
islands
The brownish colour, comparatively smaller
sized, short legged birds, somewhat round
and compact in appearance with a stout
neck. Well adapted bird in tropical
environment of Nicobar islands and the
good layer among native breeds
Source: Singh, on internet
121. Indigenous (Desi) breeds of India Contd…
Name Habitat Characteristics
Punjab
Brown
Punjab and
Haryana
It is meat type bird having brown plumage. The
average weight of male varies from 3.0 to 4.0
kg and 2.0 to 2.5 kg for males and females
respectively.
Tellichery Kerala Plumage colour varies from black to grey and
sometimes with various combinations of
colour. The meat is said to have some
medicinal value.
Titri All parts of the
country
Small bird having speckled black and white
feathers with yellow beak and legs. Birds are
poor layers.
Teni All parts of the
country
It is small size all purpose bird which suits
village conditions owing to its qualities as an
active forager and excellent sitter. It tolerates
the high temperature.
Source: Singh, on internet
123. Indigenous chicken breeds of Orissa
Breed Comb Color of Age at
sexual
maturity
Eggs
per
annum
Weight
of eggsEarlobe Skin
Hansli Pea Red Light to Dark
pink
6 m 50-60 40-45
Gujuri Butter
cup
Reddish
brown
White to light
pink
6 m 80-100 40-45
Dumasil Pea Pink Light red 6 m 100-150 40-50
Vezapuda Pea Red White to
pink/red
7-8 m 50-60 40-50
