Amblyopia is alsp called as lazy eye, here i discussed full about the amblyopia..

1. AMBLYOPIA

2. AMBLYOPIA
Amblyopia is a vision development disorder
in which an eye fails to achieve normal
visual acuity, even with prescription
eyeglass or contact lens. Also called lazy
eye, amblyopia begins during infancy and
early childhood. In most cases only one eye
is effected.

3. CLASSIFICATION
1.Strabismic amblyopia
2.Stimulus deprivation amblyopia
3.Anisometropic amblyopia
4.Bilateral ametropic amblyopia
5.Meridional amblyopia

4. STRABISMIC AMBLYOPIA
• Amblyopia seen in those patients with unilateral
constant squint who strongly favour one eye for
fixation.
• Grationg acuity is better then Snellen acuity.
• Strabismic amblyopia is always unilateral.
• More often in esotropes than exotropes.
• Very rare in hypertropia.
• Do not occur in alternate strabismus.

5. STIMULUS DEPRIVATION
Amblyopia resulting from those conditions wherein one
eye is totally excluded from seeing early in life.
Monocular congenital or traumatic cataract , complete
ptosis , corneal opacity, prolonged patching of the
normal eye for the treatment of amblyopia etc.

6. ANISOMETROPIC AMBLYOPIA
 Amblyopia caused by difference in refractive error
between the eyes .
 More common in anisohypermetropia then in those
with anisomyopia.
 Strabismus is frequently associated with
anisometropia and hence both strabismic amblyopia
and anisometropic amblyopia can coexist.

7. MERIDIONAL AMBLYOPIA
This refers to amblyopia occurring in patients
with uncorrected astigmatism due to selective
deprivation for visual stimuli of certain spatial
orientation.It is seen that 1.25 D of
astigmatism can cause amblyopia.

8. ISOAMETROPIC AMBLYOPIA
Isoametropic amblyopia is bilateral amblyopia
occurring in children with bilateral
uncorrected high refractive error. Hyperopia
more than +5.00 D and myopia excess of -
10.00D have risk of inducing bilateral
amblyopia.

9. TREATMENT

10. TREATMENT
CORRECTION OF REFRACTIVE ERROR AND SPECTACLE ADAPTATION
Refractive error: If any , should be fully corrected as determined with
cycloplegic refraction before starting the amblyopia therapy.
Spectacle adaptation for 3 to 4 week should be tried in any
anisometropic amblyopia before starting occlusion therapy. Refraction
correction alone may improve vision in many cases.

11. OCCLUSION THERAPY
Occlusion the sound eye is the most powerfull method of treating
amblyopia by forcing the patient to use amblyopic eye.
Procedure:
Occlusion can be done by placing a patch on the sound eye. The
patch can be placed on the scpects if the patient is wearing
spectacle. Main aim of this peocess is to force the amblyopic eye
to work. Patching can be full time or part-time according to the
severity of the patient’s amblyopia.

12. EYE PATCHATCH

13. OCCULUSION THERAPY

14. PENALIZATION METHOD
Atropine
sulfate 1%
Pilocarpine
HCL 2%

15. PENALIZATION METHOD
The word penalization literally means to push or
inhibit, the aim is to push the amblyopic eye to a
greater use for distance.
Procedure:
1. Atropine penalization
2. Optical penalization
ATROPINE PENALIZATION:
In this method sound eye is atropinized and 1% or 2%
pilocarpine is used in amblyopic eye. Pilocarpine gives
pinhole vision due to constriction of the pupil.

16. OPTICAL PENALIZATION
Optical penalization is based on
prescribing more plus sphere than
needed in the sound eye to force fixation
on the amblyopic eye for distant target
as well as near.

17. OPTICAL PENALIZATION :

18. THANK YOU