Its a quick Revision on Amblyopia Slides are made in such a way that one can answer easily in exams.

1. Amblyopia
By Priyanka ( MBBS Student )

2. Amblyopia
It is a partial loss of vision in one or both
eyes, in absence of any organic disease of
ocular media, retina & visual pathway.

3. Amblyogenic Factors
 Visual deprivation as in anisometropia
 Light deprivation as in congenital cataract
 Abnormal binocular interaction

4. Types
 Strabismic amblyopia-
 Refractive amblyopia
 Deprivation amblyopia
 Meridional amblyopia

5. Refractive amblyopia
 Uncorrected refractive errors are considered the
most common cause of amblyopia.
 There are two main types of refractive amblyopia.
 Anisometropic amblyopia refers to unilateral
amblyopia caused by a distinct refractive error of
each eye.
 Isoametropic amblyopia occurs when both eyes
are amblyopic from a significant yet similar
refractive error.

6. Strabismic amblyopia-
 Strabismic amblyopia results from
suppression of the deviating eye.
 Constant strabismus leads to more severe
amblyopia than intermittent strabismus

7. Deprivation amblyopia
 Deprivation amblyopia is the least common
and typically most severe form of amblyopia
 Develops when the visual axis is obstructed.
 Various causes of stimulus deprivation include
eyelid ptosis, cornea opacities, cataracts,
vitreous hemorrhage among others.

8. Meridional amblyopia
 It occurs in children with uncorrected
astigmatic refractive error.

9. Features
 Visual acuity is reduced
 Recognition is affected more than resolution
 Crowding phenomenon- visual acuity is less when tested with
multiple letter charts like snellen’s chart than single letter chart like
optotype
 Neutral density filter paper- if strabismic amblyopia then slightly
reduced/ neutral/ improved visual acuity
 In normal eye shows reduced visual acuity
 Fixation pattern may be central or eccentric
 Color vision is usually normal, but may be affected in deep amblyopia
with vision below 6/36.

10.  Treatment should start as early as possible
 Occlusion therapy
 Occlusion of normal to force the use of amblyopic eye
 Before starting the therapy should treat any opacity if present
 Should correct fully any refractive error
 Upto 2 years occlusion done at 2:1 ratio i.e. 2 days amblyopic eye & 1
day normal eye occlusion
 Similarly at 3 years 3:1, 4 years 4:1, goes on
 Duration should be till visual acuity develops fully or there is no
futher improvement

11.  Penalization of normal eye
 Blurring of vision of normal eye by using atropine or by use of over
plus lenses in spectacles can be used as alternative
 Pleoptic exercise
 Pharmacological manipulation
 By using levodopa/carbidopa as adjunct to occlusion therapy.
 Perceptual learning
 Computerized vision therapy

12. Thank you !