DPR IPM Basics.pdf

1. Prepared by: Jack Launius

2. IPM BASICS
The IPM approach to pest management differs in several ways from
"conventional" or "traditional" urban pest control that relies primarily upon
pesticide use. First, it is not merely a reaction to a pest problem. It is a process
which when followed, provides effective control. Second, it considers
threshold levels of pest presence. The third difference between conventional
pest control and the IPM approach is the application of two or more pest
management procedures to reduce or limit population levels. A forth difference
is that pest management involves a truly integrated approach where all pests
are considered in the development in the pest management process.
Included in this course is sanitation, mechanical control, cultural control,
chemical control and the evaluation of the effectiveness of your plan.

3. IPM BASICS
▪In recent years, the term "Integrated Pest
Management" and its acronym "IPM" have
received much press in the pest control
arena. There have been dozens of articles
written on the subject during the past decade.
It has been heralded as the "new approach"
to pest control. Those who have been less
than encouraging have generally cited its lack
of acceptance by the pest control industry.
Neither view is correct. Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) is neither a "new
approach" to pest control, nor is it practiced
by only a limited number of pest management
companies. It predates recorded history and
is practiced universally.

4. IPM BASICS
The inspection should be an orderly, organized procedure to determine the
above information. It should include all areas of the premises - both indoors
and outdoors. All levels of the structure should be inspected including attics,
living or public floors, basements, crawl spaces, etc. No area should be
overlooked because an infestation may have its beginnings in such an area or
may, because of favorable conditions, move into this area.

5. ▪ Determine the location of the infestation
▪ Determine the extent of the infestation
▪ Note damage to the structure or commodities
▪ Determine conditions conducive to the infestation
▪ Identify harborage areas
▪ Identify sanitation deficiencies
▪ Identify avenues of possible entry
▪ Identify items or factors which would impact program development
INSPECTION The first step in any IPM program is a thorough
inspection. There are several reasons for inspecting the premises including:

6. IDENTIFICATION
▪ Before an effective integrated pest management program can
be developed and implemented, it is necessary to know the
pest or pests with which we are dealing. Identification is an
integral part of any IPM program. This knowledge enables us
to determine what control measures to employ and when,
where and how to employ them. Without a thorough
understanding of the pest and its habits, habitat, life cycle and
biology, we cannot be effective. In addition, several states
require that any chemical applications performed be for a
specific pest and that this pest be listed on the treatment
record.

7. ▪ While the customer can often
identify many pests by general
categories such as cockroach,
fly, beetle or rodent; they are
seldom able to make more a
specific identification. Such
specific information is necessary
so that the proper management
program can be developed. The
reason for this is simple: even
though two pests may be of the
same group or family (cockroach,
fly, etc.) their food, shelter and
habitat requirements may be
quite different.

8. ▪ In addition, the damage they may cause can vary
greatly. Similar looking beetles, for example, may
damage wood members, stored products, carpets
and houseplants. Each would require a different
control method. It is important, therefore, to assure
that proper identification is made.

9. Once a pest has been correctly identified, its food
preferences, harborage sites, behavioral patterns,
biology, habits, potential for damage and options
for control measures may be determined. An
important adjunct to identification is submitting
information detailing when and where the
collection was made, and the name of the
collector.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

10. ESTABLISHMENT OF THRESHOLD LEVELS
The concept of threshold levels originated in
the area of agricultural pest control. The pest
population levels at which control measures
are undertaken are called "economic
thresholds" and are based upon the value of
the commodity (or its anticipated market
value), the amount of damage the pest
population could cause, and the cost
associated with implementing particular
control measures.

11. ESTABLISHMENT OF THRESHOLD
LEVELS
Although the cost of potential control measures in an
urban setting can be determined, it is difficult to assign
a value to the economic consequences of an infestation.
For example, while the presence of cockroaches in some
locations within a facility may be tolerated, their
presence in the food preparation or consumption areas
would not. Consequently, in this case, the threshold
level would be zero. Occasionally, a pest management
decision may depend upon the cost of potential control
measures as weighed against the benefits received.

12. ESTABLISHMENT OF THRESHOLD LEVELS
▪The concept of threshold levels originated in
the area of agricultural pest control. The pest
population levels at which control measures
are undertaken are called "economic
thresholds" and are based upon the value of
the commodity (or its anticipated market
value), the amount of damage the pest
population could cause, and the cost
associated with implementing particular
control measures.

13. Although the cost of potential control measures in an urban
setting can be determined, it is difficult to assign a value to
the economic consequences of an infestation. For
example, while the presence of cockroaches in some
locations within a facility may be tolerated, their presence
in the food preparation or consumption areas would not.
Consequently, in this case, the threshold level would be
zero. Occasionally, a pest management decision may
depend upon the cost of potential control measures as
weighed against the benefits received.

14. As a result,
urban pest
management
decisions are
generally
influenced by
three factors:
health and safety danger created by
the pest
legal restrictions on pest infestation
the levels of pest tolerance exhibited
by the customer

15. As a result of the
above, urban pest
management
decisions are
generally influenced
by three factors:
health and safety danger
created by the pest
legal restrictions on pest
infestation
the levels of pest tolerance
exhibited by the customer

16. EMPLOYMENT
OF TWO OR
MORE
CONTROL
MEASURES
▪ It is at this stage of the pest
management process that we
see the true integrated approach
come into play. The primary
objective of an IPM approach is
to design a program that uses
more than one strategy or control
measures.

17. The strategies chosen should be ones that
are:
▪ least disruptive of natural
controls
▪ least hazardous to human health
▪ least toxic to non-target
organisms
▪ least damaging to the general
environment
▪ most likely to produce a
permanent reduction of the pest
population
▪ easiest to carry out effectively
▪ most cost-effective over the short
and long term

18. MECHANICAL
▪ Mechanical, or physical control involves the use of
traps, caulks, seals or barriers to prevent pests from
entering, establishing and living in an undesired
location. It may include any or all of the measures
listed on the next slide

19. MECHANICAL
•excluding (pest proofing) pests using barriers, including screens,
seals, nets and caulking
•manually removing pests using hands, snares or by vacuuming
•setting traps, including sticky, electric, light, multiple catch and
snap types
•the use of heat or cold to destroy pests

20. CULTURAL
▪ Cultural control involves manipulation of the pest's
environment to make it less favorable for the pest to exist. It
may also be referred to as habitat modification or
environmental alteration. To accomplish this, the customer
may have to change some of their normal practices or
habits and thus make it harder to the pest populations to
become established or to spread.

21. BIOLOGICAL
▪ Biological control is the use of parasites, predators, or
pathogens to control or manage pests. When available or
sufficiently developed, biological control strategies tend to
be among the least environmentally disruptive pest control
measures. Nematodes, fungus, parasitic wasps, and even
IGR's are all examples of biological control agents in the
urban arena.

22. EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS
▪ The final step in the Integrated Pest Management
process is the evaluation of effectiveness. Follow-up
inspections enable the pest management professional
to assess and adjust the control measures that have
been employed.

23. ▪ Determine effectiveness of
previous procedures
▪ Identify areas overlooked
▪ Eliminate entry points
▪ Enhance program
effectiveness
▪ Reapply or revise any pest
management procedures as
appropriate
▪ Maintain good customer
relations and satisfaction
There are several reasons for re-inspecting the account

24. The IPM
TEMPLATE

25. The IPM template is a formula with which the pest management
professional can determine the appropriate control measures to
use. It may be expressed using the following formula:
Account Type + Pest(s) - Restrictions = Control Measures
The key components of the formula are the account type, the pest or
pests for which control is desired, and any restrictions imposed by
various factors including the customer, environmental and legal
restrictions. The result is the appropriate control measure or measures
to be employed.

26. You have completed the course.
▪You are ready to take the quiz and receive your credit.
▪Passing score is 70% or better.