This document summarizes a graduate seminar presentation about determining public willingness to pay for solid waste management in Aweday, Eastern Ethiopia. The town's economy depends on the production and sale of chat leaves, but this leaves behind large amounts of organic waste called "garaba" that pollutes the environment. The local government lacks funds to properly dispose of and treat the waste. The presentation aims to understand if residents are willing to financially contribute to improved waste management. It reviews literature on community participation in environmental projects and contingent valuation methods used to measure willingness to pay. Health impacts of open dumping and burning of waste are also discussed.
1. DETERMINANTS OF PUBLIC WILLINGNESS
TO PAY FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT OF CHAT
(catha Edulis Forskal) RESIDEUAL, AWEDAY,
EASTERN ETHIOPIA
GRADUATE SEMINAR PRESENTED BY
Prateek Devulpally
COURSE INSTRUCTOR:Dr.M.SENAPATHY
2010
4. 1. INTRODUCTION
What is Solid Waste?
In a nutshell “Solid waste can be regarded
as refuse or waste from any kind of source”.
But any refuse or waste can be economic
resource to others. For example
Agriculture:
Dairy
Agriculture residues
Municipal Solid Waste-State of concern
Industrial wastes these are used for organic
fertilizer
5. INTRODUCTION (Cont…)
According to World Development Report (2001)
environmental damage can hamper development
in two ways;
It reduces the level of welfare of the society( in
terms of quality of the environment)
It reduces long term productivity and there by the
future earning of the population
problem of environmental degradation in most
developing countries is worsen due to;
Poverty, w/c force people to neglect their
environment
non participatory policies and programs, w/c give
less priority to local commt.
These will result in the increase of global
temperature drought
6. • Located in Eastern Ethiopia at about 514Km from
the capital of Addis Ababa.
• Population of Aweday is estimated to be 30,000.
• More than 98% of the inhabitants are Oromo
• Agriculture and trade are the two major economic
activities
• It is worthily mentioned as center of ‘Chat’ trading
• Grater amount of tax is collected from ‘Chat’
trading
• Trading is increasing at grater rate
• The town is full of solid wastes of the ‘chat’
residual
BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF AWEDAY
7. Despite the dominant contribution of
‘chat’ as the basis of the economy,
one of the major environmental problem
is the ever-increasing amount of the
urban solid waste produced, mainly from
the leftover of chat product called
‘Garaba’.
littered along the main highway, near
and inside their homes and every where
in the town
AWEDAY ‘CHAT’ AND ITS ENVIRONMENT PROBLEM
8. AWEDAY ‘CHAT’ AND ITS ENVIRONMENT PROBLEM
The Garaba is a sort of organic
biodegradable waste which results in
organic fertilizer if it is well treated.
The amount of service charges collected
from every ‘chat’ traders is not sufficient
to clean the daily ‘chat’ Garaba of the
town.
The environment is very polluted with
this waste and it is creating a health
problem on the local community.
10. Cont….
The local people specially the children have
no where else to play where they could easily
infected by different diseases.
The admin have no budget to totally solve
the problem so the willingness to pay of the
local community to wards the disposal and
treatment is mandatory
Are they committed and willing to
participate in any form of solid waste disposal
and treatment?
Waste Management services not
satisfactory
AWEDAY ‘CHAT’ AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
11. 2. REVIEW OF LITRATURE
Environmental projects such as those
involving protected areas should
reduce local poverty and curb
environmental degradation. (WDR
2001)
In many cases the process and
structures that render local livelihoods
vulnerable are responsible for
environmental decline as well (Blaikie,
et al., 1997; in Ghimire and Pimbert;
1997).
12. REVIEW OF LITERATURE (Cont….)
Policies which once viewed people
as a threat to nature now regard
people as potential partners in
sustainable development (Blaikie
and Jeanrenaud, 1999)
The classic approach focuses on
environmental (rather than social)
solutions to perceived
environmental problems
13. WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP)
Mammo (2002) used contingent
valuation method in analyzing
factors influencing farmer’s
willingness to pay for soil
conservation technologies
Paulos (2002) analyzed the
determinants of farmer’s willingness
to pay for conservation practices in
terms of money/labor.
As of him the factors are educational
level and income.
14. WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP)
• Tegegne (1999) applied a contingent
valuation method to elicit people's valuation
for environmental protection both in cash
and labor contribution in Sekota district,
north Ethiopia.
• The study revealed that farmers in the study
area are less willing to pay for the
environmental protection in cash while they
are willing to pay a substantial amount of
their time to protect the environment
15. IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ON
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES (Kanizaro,2002)
Environmental
Resources
Activities connected to SWM
Collection +
Transport
Dum
ping
Bur
ning
Sorting
Land -ve +ve +ve
Air -ve -ve -ve +ve
Water -ve +ve
16. POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WASTE
(www.epa.gov/wastewise)
• Open dumping:
• Degradation of land resources
• Health Impacts
• Contamination of surface and groundwater
supplies
• Open burning:
• Urban air pollution
• Decomposition of organic wastes:
• release of methane which contributes to
greenhouse effect.
17. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION
(www.mass.gov/dep/recycle)
• Estimation of health impact on Waste
pickers and general public
• How to encourage Community Participation
(Economic instruments, Legislations,
Force)?
• Estimation of contribution of waste on
global environment
• How to promote efficient municipal
government?
