3. Rainfall
Average Annual Rainfall - 1170 mm
Maximum Average Annual Rainfall - 11000 mm
(Cherrapunji)
Minimum Average Annual Rainfall - 100 mm
(Western Rajasthan)
6. Water Availability
(In Billion cubic metre)
Total Precipitation : 4000
Total Water Availability : 1869
Total Utilisable Water : 1122
Surface Water - 690
Ground Water - 432
11. Storage Created
1. Pre Plan : 15.64
2. Up to the end of VIII Plan : 176.73
3. Up to the end of IX Plan : 213.00
4. Under construction : 75.42
5. Under consideration : 108.00
(In billion cubic metre)
14. Water Demand
Total Anticipated Demand
(In Billion cubic metre)
In 2010 :813 710 *
In 2025 :1093 843 *
In 2050 :1447 1180 *
Total Utilisable Water :1122 (690+432)
S.W G.W
* With improved management
15. Water Availability
(In Billion cubic metre)
Total Precipitation : 4000
Total Water Availability : 1869
Total Utilisable Water : 1122
Surface Water - 690
Ground Water - 432
16. Demands of Various Sectors
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1997 2010 2025 2050
Demand(Billion
cubic
metre)
Evaporation Losses
Environment
(Ecology)
Inland Navigation
Power
Industries
Domestic
Irrigation
17. Demands of Various Sectors (in %)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1997 2010 2025 2050
Evaporation Losses
Environment
(Ecology)
Inland Navigation
Power
Industries
Domestic
Irrigation
19. Goal
Pace of development to match with
increasing water demands
Adoption of better management
practices
20. Development & Management
Integrated approach with due
consideration to major, medium, minor
(both surface and ground water)
schemes as well as traditional system of
water conservation
21. Efficient Use of Water
Optimal water utilization
Minimization of water losses
22. People’s Participation
Awareness of scarcity value of water
Promotion of water conservation
Involvement of beneficiaries & other
stakeholders in project planning & at
subsequent stages of development
Participatory approach in management of water
resources for diverse uses
26. Land Use
Geographical area : 328.73 Mha
Cultivable area : 180.35 Mha
Net cultivated area : 141.10 Mha
Net irrigated area : 54.68 Mha
Rainfed cultivated area : 86.42 Mha
27. Sources of Irrigation
2.89 (5%)
2.53 (5%)
11.55 (21%)
15.98 (29%)
21.72 (40%)
Canals Tanks Tube Wells
Other Wells Other Sources
28. Major, Medium & Minor Projects – Irrigation Potential
•P.C.* upto 1951 : 22.6 Mha# (9.7 Maj & Med & 12.9 Minor )
•P.C. upto IX Plan : 93.95 Mha (37.05 Maj & Med and 56.90 Minor)
Population Potential Food Production
(Million) (Mha.) (Million Tonnes)
1951 361 22.60 51
2001 1027 93.95 @ 211
*P.C : Potential Created @ Potential Utilised : 80.06 Mha
# Mha : Million Hectare
29. Some Issues to be considered for
improving Irrigation Efficiency :
Application of Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation, where applicable
Canal Automation & Volumetric Measurement of supply
Benchmarking of Irrigation Systems
Water Audit / Budgeting
Appropriate pricing of water
30. Actions Needed
Pace of water resources
development to match with the
increasing water demands
Adoption of better management
practices
Investigation and research for
sustainable utilization of more &
more available water
32. Irrigation Efficiency
No realistic national level
assessment of overall irrigation
efficiencies
The overall efficiencies obtained
(guess- estimation)
35-40 percent in surface water
65-70 percent in ground water.
33. Irrigation Efficiency
Irrigation efficiency in surface water use
considered to be low
Every developmental activity has some
problems
• Irrigation no exception
Irrigation efficiencies in other developing regions
such as Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Near
East & North Africa, East Asia also in same range
Scope for improvement in irrigation
efficiency exists
34. Reasons for low irrigation efficiencies
Main reasons for low efficiency:
Excessive seepage loss
Inefficient water management
• Lack of maintenance
- Inadequate funds
- Low water charges
• Inequitable and untimely supplies
- Lack of operation plan
- Over use of water by head reach farmers
- Shift towards high water consuming crops
Lack of involvement of stakeholders
35. NATIONAL WATER POLICY-2002
WATER ALLOCATION PRIORITIES
In the planning and operation of systems, water
allocation priorities should be broadly as follows:
Drinking water
Irrigation
Hydro Power
Ecology
Agro-Industries and non-agricultural industries
Navigation and Other Uses
However, the priorities could be modified or added
if warranted by the area/region specific
considerations.
36. CONSERVATION OF WATER
Efficiency of utilisation in all the diverse uses of
water should be optimised and an awareness of
water as a scarce resource should be fostered.
Conservation consciousness should be promoted
through education, regulation, incentives and
disincentives.
The resources should be conserved and the
availability augmented by maximising retention,
eliminating pollution and minimising losses. For
this, measures like lining in the conveyance
system, modernization and rehabilitation of
existing systems , recycling and re-use of treated
effluents and techniques like drip and sprinkler
may be promoted.
37. PROJECT PLANNING
There should be an integrated and multi-
disciplinary approach to the planning,
formulation, clearance and implementation of
projects, including catchment area treatment
and management, environmental and
ecological aspects, the rehabilitation of
affected people and command area
development.
The drainage system should form an integral
part of any irrigation project right from the
planning stage.
The involvement and participation of
beneficiaries and other stakeholders should be
encouraged right from the project planning
stage itself.
38. FINANCIAL AND PHYSICAL SUSTAINABILITY
Besides creating additional water resources facilities
for various uses, adequate emphasis needs to be
given to the physical and financial sustainability of
existing facilities.
There is a need to ensure that the water rates for
various uses should be fixed in such a way that they
cover at least the operation and maintenance
charges of providing the service initially and a part
of the capital costs subsequently.
These rates should be linked directly to the quality
of service provided. The subsidy on water rates to
the disadvantaged and poorer sections of the
society should be well targeted and transparent.
