In this presentation you will learn about the CUTTING TOOL NOMENCLATURE.i.e, cutting tool materials, toolbits, factor affecting tools, characteristics of cutting tools.

1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
MANUFACTURING PROCESS – 1
CUTTING TOOL NOMENCLATURE

2. CONTENTS :-
• Introduction
• Cutting Tool Materials
• Toolbits
• Factor Affecting Cutting Tools
• Characteristics of Good cutting Tool
• Reference

3. Introduction :-
• A cutting tool or cutter is any tool that is used to remove material
from the workpiece by means of shear deformation.
• Cutting may be accomplished by single-point or multipoint tools.
• Single-point tools are used in turning, shaping, planing and similar
operations, and remove material by means of one cutting edge.
Milling and drilling tools are often multipoint tools.

4. CUTTING TOOLS :-
• One of the most important component in the manufacturing
process.
• Performance will be determine the efficiency of operation.
• There are basically two types of the cutting tools :-
(i) Single point cutting tool
(ii) Multi point cutting tool

5. CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS :-
• Lathe toolbits generally made of five materials :-
(i) High-speed Steel
(ii) Cast Alloys
(iii) Cemented Carbides
(iv) Ceramics
(v) Cerments

6. CUTTING TOOL NOMENCLATURE :-
• Cutting Edges - Leading edge of that
does cutting.
• Face - Surface against cheap bears as it is
separated from the work.
• Nose - Tip of the cutting tool from the
junction of the cutting edges and
front faces.
• Nose Radius - Radius to which nose is ground.
• Point - End of the tool that has been ground for cutting purpose.
• Base- Bottom surface of the tool shank.
• Flank- Surface of the tool adjacent to and below cutting edge.
• Shank- Part held in the tool-holder.

7. LATHE TOOLBIT ANGLE & CLEARENCES :-

8. LATHE CUTTING TOOL ANGLES :-

9. RAKE ANGLE :-
• Rake angle is a parameter used in
various cutting and machining
processes, describing the angle
of the cutting face relative to the
work.
• There are two types of the rake angles :-
(i) Positive Rake Angle
(ii) Negative Rake Angle

10. • Positive Rake Angle :- It can be considered for the
efficient removal of the metal.
(i) Creates large shear angle at shear zone.
(ii) Reduces Friction and Heat.
(iii) Allows chips to flow freely along chip-tool interface.
• Generally uses for the continuous cuts on ductile materials not to hard or
abrasive.
• Negative Rake Angle :- Face of cutting tool contact metals for first and chip
moves up the face of the tool bit.

11. FACTOR WHEN CHOOSING TYPE AND
RAKE ANGLE FOR CUTTING TOOL :-
• Hardness of metal to be cut.
• Types of the cutting operations
- Continuous or Interrupted
• Material and shape of cutting tool.
• Strength of cutting edges.

12. SHAPE OF CHIP :-
• There are number of ways to improve cutting action and reduces amount of
power required.
• Continuous straight ribbon chip can be changed to continuous curled ribbon.
Continuous chips Discontinuous chips

13. TOOL LIFE :-

14. THANK YOU…