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Essay on Research Methodology
3. Methodology: 3.1 Introduction: The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using secondary data collected by the communication agency,
MESH Planning. The agency developed an innovative approach called 'real–time experience tracking', which involves three stages of data collection.
And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in order to get an insight of critical incidents. This section will
start with a comparison of three possible methodologies for data collection: ethnography, survey (or interview) and real time experience tracking. And
then sampling and data collection methods will be examined followed by a description of data analysis. 3.2 Research approach selection:...show more
content...
They are much cheaper than ethnography with a greater effectiveness, however, all of these interviews or surveys were based on the retrospective
data, respondents answered the questions by their memory and the issue may happened for a long time. There could be a great influence on the quality
of data since the ability of respondent to recall information differed from one to another and some incorrect information often occurred (Baker, 2003).
The third approach considered in this study is the real–time experience tracking developed by MESH planning. This is an approach to record
360–degree touchpoints of brand by respondents in real time. There are three stages of data collection. The first stage uses the pre–online questionnaire
to collect information about brand health and relationship quality. The third stage uses the same questions to ask respondents' perception after brand
encounters in order to identify any change. While the second stage for data collection is the most crucial process in the approach. Respondents are
asked to send SMS message to report any brand encounter via mobile phones. And the online diary also helped to expand these experiences (Willis et
al 2010). Meanwhile, for identifying the CIs, weekly questionnaire will be sent to respondents about the CIs happened in the past week. The approach
offers a holistic view to track customer experience as well as identifying critical incidences. The real–time tracking approach enabled to identify a
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Experimental Research Designs Essay
Experimental Research Designs
"A correlational study determines whether or not two variables are correlated. This means to study whether there is an increase or decrease in one
variable corresponds to an increase or decrease in the other variable" (Cherry, 2012). In most correlation studies there is a relationship between both
variables that had a change, while in others there wasn't necessarily causation between the two (Cherry, 2012).
An experimental design is one in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to observe its effect the dependent variable. When
conducting an experiment the researcher will use random assignment of the participants into a control group and the other the group that is being
experimented on....show more content...
The review is an examination of the literature that was gathered, pointing toward the answer of the research question. Literature reviewed typically
includes journals, books, government databases and other sources. Sometimes it includes newspapers, magazines, films, and audio or video research
(Literature Review, 2011). This is going over the literature that has been gathered and picking what is relevant to thehypothesis in the first place.
Design the research methodology. o Research methodology is where you describe how you are gonna gather information and this can be survey
interview or literature review. And then you explain each method what are they, what you will do to them. A survey is really good for research using
statistics and literature review is great for all kinds of research.
Determine the results. o The data from an experiment has been gathered, the researchers then compare the results to the control group and determine if
the experiment was effective (Cherry, 2012). A good example of this is when a pharmaceutical company does research on certain types of new
medicine. They used a control group that uses a placebo and the other group takes the medicine that is being researched. They then compare the results
and this experiment can be taken several ways.
Reach conclusions. o Once all the data is collected and the study is designed, the information is examined and conclusions
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Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research
design must be chosen from a given population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random sampling and
convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable
sample which can represent the population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and many other factors
necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about
...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of identifying the samples for research, the
representativeness it possesses to the general population, the methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the
selection of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero chance of being selected on a probability
ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non
probability sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's judgement, the researcher decides the
samples to be included in the study which may be subject to availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular
sampling unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative researches. When the samples reflect the
characteristics of the target population in the same proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but sampling error
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Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a
principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are
differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative
involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the
researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting
detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their
entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is
defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed
views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research.
Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that
trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative
research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out
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Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that
home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I
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English 101 Research Paper
English 101 might seem like an easy course to take for some students. For other students such as myself, English 101 was one of the classes I feared
and procrastinated on taking. Coming from an ESL background, English was the class I have always struggled with the most. I've always excelled in
science/ mathematics courses. I prefer the correct answers to be facts and universal. Creativity is not my forte. The process of putting your thoughts
down on paper in an organized manner, with correct punctuation, and citing works used, seemed like a complicated, tedious task before taking English
101 this summer.
Taking a look back at my past writing assignments and drafts for each one, I can clearly see the improvement in organization. My first draft for
writing assignment 1 was basically one long paragraph. I clearly remember Mr. Bogdaniec's advice on how to separate and create individual
paragraphs that only contain one topic or main idea. Also with his handouts on writing an introductory paragraph and how to write the conclusion
paragraph were extremely helpful in putting together my first writing assignment in this class. I followed the steps on brainstorming and then steps for
creating a plot, and didn't feel overwhelmed and confused as I had anticipated. I followed Mr....show more content...
Bogdaniecs teachings and instructions was punctuation, specifically commas. I was one of those people under the wrong assumption that commas
were placed whenever there was a pause in a sentence or you are listing off multiple items, adjectives or verbs. Obviously I was wrong. In writing
assignment 2 I had a few mistakes where I forgot to use correct punctuation. After reviewing Mr. Bogdanic remarks on assignment 2, I was able to go
back and correct my punctuation mistakes and get a 105 out of 100 points for my revision. I finally understood why we use commas, and the
importance of placing them in the correct location of a
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Essay on Types Of Research
Research is done everyday. Research is used in the many different situations managers encounter everyday. Research is part of the problem–solving
manager do to make decisions. Research is defined as "the process of finding solutions to problem after thorough study and analysis of the situational
factor" (Sekaran, p3, 2003). Managers use research for daily operational problem as well as bigger problems that can require hired research consultants.
Managers who use research are able to communicate with the hired consultants because they understand the process of inquiry, investigation,
examination, and explanation. Managers are also, capable of understanding the difference in good and bad studies, and can apply the research done to
...show more content...
Applied research is "aimed at solving a currently experienced problem" (Sekaran, p10, 2003). This research can be as simple as finding solutions to
daily operational problems.
One problem managers consistently want research on is the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The research found on the
relationship of customer satisfaction and loyalty spans over the past decade. Many researchers argue that there is no relationship between customer
satisfaction and loyalty while others find direct correlations between the two and a business's profitability. In Roger Hadowell's study, he defines
loyalty as both behavioral and attitude while conducting his research on a banking organization. He states that behaviors including continuance,
increased relationship, and recommendations are all behaviors of loyalty to an organization (Hadowell, 1996). His research illustrates the "relationship
of profitability to customer related outcomes that managers can influence directly" (Hadowell, 1996). His findings support the hypothesis that customer
satisfaction influences customer loyalty increasing profitability. Hadowell addresses two difficulties that he encountered during his research. First,
work with the organization in order to develop the ideal measurement system used for the research. Secondly, focus on data collected over a period of
time with strong organizations (Hadowell, 1996).
In the White Page Series, researcher Burke
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Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and dependent variables, and the relationship between them.
Research questions are categorized into two, that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in qualitative
research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non–numerical and analyses special phenomena that occur in nature.
Quantitative research on the other hand is more of a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through analysis to prove a
hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved with regards to the results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V.
...show more content...
It must be logical, and provide a concrete base for any differences between the variables. It must also be simple and clear.
A hypothesis can state the following: there exists a positive relationship between employee performance and flexible working hours. Whereas a
research question could generally be: do flexible working hours affect workers productivity? You can clearly see that the hypothesis states clearly and
it is more specific in its prediction unlike the research question (eNotes.com, Inc 2011).
Hypothesis is typically used in quantitative research only. Moreover, when a question poses an inquiry on the relationship between two variables, a
hypothesis is a statement declarative in nature of the relationship between different variables (Pajares 2007). A researcher chooses whether to use a
question or a hypothesis depending on the purpose of the research, its objectives, the methodology for the research and the preference of the audience
to receive the research. A researcher must be able to interpret the final outcome with reference to the research questions or the hypothesis used (Pajares
2007). A research requires a minimum of two hypotheses namely a null and an alternative hypothesis.
So, somebody can make a certain observation and come up with a hypothesis about how and why a phenomenon occurs the way it is. Hypothesis could
be
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Ethics in Research Essay
Ethics in Research
Research is one of the most successful means of obtaining a wide variety of information concerning limited or broad topics. However, abundant as this
information may be, it is important to maintain an ethical outlook to all research topics. As research and its subsequent experimentations advance in
light of new generations, the idea of ethics becomes a more prominent issue. Researchers must be aware of the conflicts that their research may bring
about. They must know how to address their findings in a moral way appealing to the pro and cons. Researchers can not simply accumulate data.
Coupled with data is the process of analysis, where researchers manipulate their findings...show more content...
According to the National Institute of Health, stem cells are unique cells created from embryos for infertility purposes usually through the process of in
vitro fertilization (Institute on Health). Stems cells have two important characteristics that differentiate them from other types of cells. One is that they
are unspecialized cells that rejuvenate themselves through cell division. The other is that, under certain conditions, they can be induced to become
certain specialized cells (Institute on Health). For certain people this is life saving news. Now that cells can be specialized under these unspecialized
stem cells, a patient can receive new heart cells for a diseased heart or many other life threatening diseases (Institute on Health). This information can
be used in a variety of useful ways, but is it morally right to create embryos only to destroy them? Are these potential humans that could help them
world in some other way? This is the perspective of many people fighting against stem–cell research. These activists claim that stem–cell research plays
against the will of God. Moreover, if stem cell research is legalized world–wide, who is to say that people will use it only to benefit the curing of
disease? Is it possible that people will become careless and more susceptible to disease only to receive stem cells to
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Example Of Perception Research Paper
Your perception is how you see things, and basically what you think about them when you see them. For example, two people might see the same
thing visually like for an example two individuals see an older man with a beard and ragged clothes on the street with a sign asking for money.
Person one might perceive him as a lazy human being, and think he needs to get a job. And the other individual, on the other hand, might perceive him
to be a guy who, through no fault of his own, needs help, and still deserves respect. Our perceptions are shaped by our upbringing mostly, and by what
we are taught by others. Racism is another example of perception. It's all about what your "opinion" is when you see something.Everyone at least once
in their life has judged or even stereotyped someone just by taking one look at their...show more content...
I remember watching that show when I was younger and would always perceive a "geek" to look like that. But that's what movies and television
shows do, they are known for stereotyping and with that other who aren't taught will also perceive and believe these stereotypes that these
Hollywood films are showing.Perception and stereotypes is a massive problem that a lot of individuals of color are facing in a negative way. Both
my parents being Hispanic they have had their experiences with stereotypes coming in their way that being people assuming that they cannot speak
English and when they do speak English they get backhanded compliments saying that they were surprised that they speak "good English'. That's an
example of what microaggression is, verbal, nonverbal, or insults whether they were intentional or unintentional. Being half Colombian from my
mother's side I have heard so many stereotypes about how Colombians are drug dealers. Everyone knows who Pablo Escobar is. However, what he
isn't is a fair representation of all Colombians. Not everyone in Colombia is a coke trafficker or drug lord. Also, shocking fact, coke is not even legal in
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Three Descriptive Research Methods Essay
One of of three methods used for descriptive research is the case study. The case study method is the oldest form of research used in psychology
today. To help you better understand what case studies are I would recommend you think of an individual person case. Case study is when someone
studies one person to explain things that happen for all of us. Basically applying the outcome to all people ; one representing all. Case studies will
describe your behavior. In present day we have noticed that although the individual cases may be accurate, it only applies to that one person. There
will always be a conflict of interest because what may happen to one person does not necessarily happen to the next. For example you may say that after
...show more content...
This type of research gathers information from a large group of people. It will be not go into depth as much as the case study might and involves
many cases. As an example think of making you own survey and distributing it out to various amounts of people, gathering the information and
conducting you hypothesis. We are constantly asked to participate in surveys whether its an internet advertisement or a class handout from the
college you attend. When asking you question you have to be careful as to how you word the question. The words you choose may influence a
participant to lean toward a certain side. You may sound biased toward one issue which will effect you survey and hypothesis. Using random
sampling allows researcher to have a fair representation of the subjects under study. Every person has an equal chance of participating. I would use this
method with very larger groups of people. Ex. school. The last from of research would be naturalistic observation. Basically watching and recording the
behavior of different subjects in the natural environment.Much of the reality shows today could be considered a form of naturalistic observation.
Pending on how much the program actually interferes with the subject , they allow for an interesting hypothesis. This research will describe the
behavior of an subject. Now that we have the information from the research we can evaluate the differences and similarities. When the research reveals
that one
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WhatВґs Market Research? Essay examples
Market research is a process which companies, industries and organisations carry out to gather, analyse and interpret information gathered from the
market. Market research can research about a new product that is going to sell on the market or an existing product and get to know existing and future
customers spending habits and their preference. Besides, market research also involves research on competitors business owner face. A successful
market research is a market research that can collect accurate information from the market because accurate information help business owner to make
the right decisions and thus it helps them to make more profit.
Basically market research can be identified into four main class of study. First is...show more content...
There are five steps to carry out market research. Market research start with defining objectives that is to identify the end result that needs to be
achieved. Next is developing the sample. This is to determine the group which can provide us answers that are related to our research for example
if we want to make a market research about education then we can find a target group of parents, teachers and students. If we want to a do a
market research about health care then our target group might be doctors and patients. Next is to develop questions. Developing questions is a very
important part as the questions asked should not be biased in order to collect useful and accurate information. A biased question is a question that
directly or indirectly force the user to choose the answers. For example a question ask "do you want money?". Then this is a biased question
because all of us will choose "want" therefore it has force people to the answer. The next step is collecting data. Collecting data can be carry out by
giving out surveys through phone, web, mails, face to face interviews and others. There are many factors that can affect the choice of choosing the way
of collecting examples are research objectives, cost and timing. The last step is analysing results. This is the most important steps as it is all about
understanding and interpreting what the data collected revealed.
Market research can be divided into two types of research. The first type of
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Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay
EVALUATION DATA RESEARCH
Qualitative research seeks to answer the "why" and not the "how" of the research project that is being conducted, this is done through a complex
system of analyzing unstructured information such as survey's , questionnaires, interviews, interview transcripts, open end survey's, focus groups,
observations, emails, notes, video's, feed back forms and photo's; most of the time a qualitative report won't depend on statistical evidence alone it
must be accompanied by detailed facts and proven facts and not hypotheses or in accurate data, this can lead to misunderstanding of data findings and
can through the whole aim of the research project off and waste valuable time.
A qualitative research project is mainly used...show more content...
According to (Bamberger, et, al, 2006) the purpose of the interview is to elicit information about and from the stakeholders experience, perceptions, and
meanings, this is critical in a qualitative research project it helps to understand what is being asked of the stakeholder. Interview data also incorporates
the stakeholders personal perspective, and gives confirmation of the data through direct observation, or from other stakeholders involved in the
research project; by eliciting the input of observation data this helps to confirm to the researcher the intent of the stakeholder, it also shows their
behavior, and their personal meaning. Documentary and artifactual data includes texts, photos, and other tangible items from the site that they are
being collected from, analyzed and reviewed. By reviewing the documents artifacts and materials of a culture provides the researcher with an
unobtrusive method of gaining information and may offer other forms of information that's unavailable from any other data source. According to
(Bamberger, et, al, 2006) journals, artifacts, photo's and artwork may provide information of occurrences that have happened before the evaluators
arrival. As in all research projects documents and artifacts include the perspective and the biases of their human creator, therefore each item must be
considered
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Applied Research Essay example
Applied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways
yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and
differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project.
Beneficial interventions and treatments are developed from the cause and effect of many research projects. Validity concerns become a vital part of
each research project. The use of descriptive and inferential statistics for maintaining accuracy controls usually involves the use of an analysis...show
more content...
(2009). Inferential statistics try to find a significant effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable by standard percent margins set for
approval in accuracy. Descriptive statistics strive to describe large sample populations as to the proportion of a given variable existing in that sample.
Inferential statistics are more generalized in describing the variable as to the population being represented by the sample. Both descriptive and
inferential statistics are used side by side in analyzing research data. Descriptive data gives a nice picture image of the information on hand and
inferential data gives a more significant indication of how much effect the independent variable had on the dependent variable. Descriptive and
inferential statistics are used to confirm the information or data from a research study correct. Any error of variances or systematic variances in the
data indicating error warrants confirmation by inferential statistics methods. The benefit for any interventions or treatments relying on inferential
statistics for accuracy remains great. The effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable makes all the difference in the validity of a
research study.
Single–Case and Small–N Designs Single–case and small–N research designs both study individuals not groups. The small–n design tries to find cause
and effect on individuals by assessing the reactions when applying single treatments and
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Qualitative Reflection
When you look in the mirror what do you see? Everybody asked this question responds with a similar answer, you see yourself, of course. But
individually, you are so much more than that. You study your reflection wondering what people think of you, what traits you possess, what are your
strengths and weakness, and other components that make you, you. This study takes a closer look at those traits and characteristics to analyze how you
are perceived through the eyes of another.
Statement of Purpose
The research project conducted uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data, analyze, then interpret how an individual is
perceived in society. To evaluate the qualitative research the addition of a literature review...show more content...
By collecting people's judgements of me, I am able to evaluate my strengths and weakness as an individual and as a professional. In order to be a
successful individual in society one must gain greater understanding into one's own traits, behavior, and actions that affects people's overall judgements
of that individual. A self– analysis will provide me with adequate findings to realize was facets of myself need to be developed, altered, or even reduced.
Even if this project furthers my character development, implications of this study are still possible. This research could hurt my self–esteem, make me
question my actions, or even harm my self– perception. By finding out this information it could lead me to feel insecure about my appearance, actions,
and traits so far in life that would be enough to contribute to me devaluating my self–worth. This information could also give me overconfidence I do
not necessarily need. Finding out over positive information could harm my attitude, making me arrogant, selfish, and conceited.
Order of Key Points
The order of key points moves from the abstract to the conclusion of the self–analysis study. Key points include the establishment of the research
question and hypothesis, the five questions used for in–depth analysis, three distinct concepts evaluated in the literature review related to my research,
methods and procures to replicate the study, and the discussion of my findings. The discussion section included
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Example Of Search Strategy
Search strategy Three data bases were used to collect the data, namely, One Search, CINAHL and ProQuest. These data bases were searched for the
terms such as 'cardiac rehabilitation', 'quality of life,' 'benefits', and 'CHD'. Inclusion criteria were qualitative articles, written in English and published
between the years of 2010 and 2017. Quantitative articles and articles written in non–English languages are excluded from this study. Moreover, this
study focused only on adults, therefore the paediatric studies are also excluded from this study. After applying the inclusion and exclusion strategy, 12
articles reported qualitative study regarding the topic and they are used in this essay. Data analysis Braun and Clarke (2006) developed a...show more
content...
1.1a ExercisePhysical inactivity is one of the modifiable risk factor for the coronary heart diseases (Devries et al, 2011), and therefore exercise is
used as an integral component of the primary and secondary prevention in reducing mortality and improving the quality of life. Upon reviewing the
literature, the author found that, patients' perspective about physical exercise differs widely. In their study Holder et al (2015) found that, the increased
awareness of the mortality after the cardiac event, help the patients to change their outlook towards life and this further help them to realise the health
benefit of exercise. In addition to that, some of the patients claimed that, exercise helped to divert their mind and thus helps them to cope with the
condition (Holder et al, 2015). Moreover, the current cardiac rehabilitation programme, made the patients aware of the health benefits of exercise and,
therefore they were motivated to continue the exercise (Hillsdon et al, 2013; Morken et al, 2013). Exercising in a safe environment, under the
supervision of the trained staff increases the confidence of patients in participating exercise (Morken et al, 2013). The study also found that, the patient
increases their self–confidence level in performing exercise, after seeing the health improvements in the former cardiac patients (Morken et al, 2013).
Furthermore, Back et al (2017) carried a further study to evaluate
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The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Research Design
Wanda Joy Connally
Ohio Christian University
November 21, 2016
The purpose of research design is to make certain that the information acquired allows one to consolidate the various elements of a study in a logical
and comprehensive manner to effectively address a research problem. There are three types of research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods research. Each of these methods possesses a different value, but despite the purpose of the research, the method is similar.
The least understood type of company research is qualitative research. This type of research is used to aid in understanding or exploring an identified
issue and/or concern with customers and/or users. Its value is to help companies understand the habits and emotions of customers and/or users in
relationship to the company's products. This, in turn, will help a company identify how or what determines the customer's decision. These type of
studies are based on one–on–one customer interviews. An example of qualitative research would be a department store that has more women shoppers
than men. To find out why this is occurring the department store would interview a sample of potential men shoppers to determine why they are not
patronizing their department store. Some of the reasons could be the store is not stocking enough products suitable for men, the store displays the
image of a women's store, and/or the store has all female employees which can be uncomfortable
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Research Experience
I have proactively engaged in research activity throughout my undergraduate program. I had my first research experience in Dr. B Anand's lab, Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, during my second year. The aim of the project was to study the non–fluorescent beta–barrel structured
proteins and engineer its amino acid sequence to make them into fluorescent ones. Our approach was mainly based upon the studies of Green
Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Tools like Python programming language, Gromacs, Ribosome, PROSS, and Pymol were
used to study the structural components of non–fluorescent proteins. I gained invaluable...show more content...
I was challenged with cloning ydeH gene into the pJT118 plasmids which are green light sensitive. The ydeH gene produces a protein named
diguanylate cyclase, which induces the production of c–di–GMP in Rosetta strain. This project gave me an opportunity to participate and win silver at
International Bio–molecular design competition (BIOMOD) 2012 held at Wyss Institute, Harvard University, USA. Most of the molecular genetic
techniques were extensively used in my project. During this internship, apart from gaining deeper technical experience, I realized that I could work on
a research problem with a certain degree of independence, figuring out right approaches and proposing useful experiments. I acquired more confidence
in my aptitude for research and it has been boosted while working on my undergraduate projects.
As a part of my undergraduate thesis, I worked on a project 'Extraction and analysis of beauvericin, a mycotoxin produced by Beauveria bassiana and
its cytotoxic effects on the SF–21 (immortalized pupal ovarian cells isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line' under the guidance of Dr.
Gurvinder Kaur Saini, IIT Guwahati. Beauvericin metabolite was extracted from the Beauveria bassiana isolates UB17 and UB21, by using n–hexane
extraction method and the presence of beauvericin was analyzed and confirmed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass
spectroscopy (MS). Cytotoxic
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Essay On Research Methodology

  • 1. Essay on Research Methodology 3. Methodology: 3.1 Introduction: The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using secondary data collected by the communication agency, MESH Planning. The agency developed an innovative approach called 'real–time experience tracking', which involves three stages of data collection. And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in order to get an insight of critical incidents. This section will start with a comparison of three possible methodologies for data collection: ethnography, survey (or interview) and real time experience tracking. And then sampling and data collection methods will be examined followed by a description of data analysis. 3.2 Research approach selection:...show more content... They are much cheaper than ethnography with a greater effectiveness, however, all of these interviews or surveys were based on the retrospective data, respondents answered the questions by their memory and the issue may happened for a long time. There could be a great influence on the quality of data since the ability of respondent to recall information differed from one to another and some incorrect information often occurred (Baker, 2003). The third approach considered in this study is the real–time experience tracking developed by MESH planning. This is an approach to record 360–degree touchpoints of brand by respondents in real time. There are three stages of data collection. The first stage uses the pre–online questionnaire to collect information about brand health and relationship quality. The third stage uses the same questions to ask respondents' perception after brand encounters in order to identify any change. While the second stage for data collection is the most crucial process in the approach. Respondents are asked to send SMS message to report any brand encounter via mobile phones. And the online diary also helped to expand these experiences (Willis et al 2010). Meanwhile, for identifying the CIs, weekly questionnaire will be sent to respondents about the CIs happened in the past week. The approach offers a holistic view to track customer experience as well as identifying critical incidences. The real–time tracking approach enabled to identify a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Experimental Research Designs Essay Experimental Research Designs "A correlational study determines whether or not two variables are correlated. This means to study whether there is an increase or decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase or decrease in the other variable" (Cherry, 2012). In most correlation studies there is a relationship between both variables that had a change, while in others there wasn't necessarily causation between the two (Cherry, 2012). An experimental design is one in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to observe its effect the dependent variable. When conducting an experiment the researcher will use random assignment of the participants into a control group and the other the group that is being experimented on....show more content... The review is an examination of the literature that was gathered, pointing toward the answer of the research question. Literature reviewed typically includes journals, books, government databases and other sources. Sometimes it includes newspapers, magazines, films, and audio or video research (Literature Review, 2011). This is going over the literature that has been gathered and picking what is relevant to thehypothesis in the first place. Design the research methodology. o Research methodology is where you describe how you are gonna gather information and this can be survey interview or literature review. And then you explain each method what are they, what you will do to them. A survey is really good for research using statistics and literature review is great for all kinds of research. Determine the results. o The data from an experiment has been gathered, the researchers then compare the results to the control group and determine if the experiment was effective (Cherry, 2012). A good example of this is when a pharmaceutical company does research on certain types of new medicine. They used a control group that uses a placebo and the other group takes the medicine that is being researched. They then compare the results and this experiment can be taken several ways. Reach conclusions. o Once all the data is collected and the study is designed, the information is examined and conclusions Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Sampling Methods Essay Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research design must be chosen from a given population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random sampling and convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable sample which can represent the population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and many other factors necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about ...show more content... The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of identifying the samples for research, the representativeness it possesses to the general population, the methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the selection of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero chance of being selected on a probability ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non probability sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's judgement, the researcher decides the samples to be included in the study which may be subject to availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular sampling unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative researches. When the samples reflect the characteristics of the target population in the same proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but sampling error Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Research Methods Essay Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a principle of research. General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics. However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content... Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability. For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Methodology of Research Essay examples Methodology of Research The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content... Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions, whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
  • 6. received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease. Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. English 101 Research Paper English 101 might seem like an easy course to take for some students. For other students such as myself, English 101 was one of the classes I feared and procrastinated on taking. Coming from an ESL background, English was the class I have always struggled with the most. I've always excelled in science/ mathematics courses. I prefer the correct answers to be facts and universal. Creativity is not my forte. The process of putting your thoughts down on paper in an organized manner, with correct punctuation, and citing works used, seemed like a complicated, tedious task before taking English 101 this summer. Taking a look back at my past writing assignments and drafts for each one, I can clearly see the improvement in organization. My first draft for writing assignment 1 was basically one long paragraph. I clearly remember Mr. Bogdaniec's advice on how to separate and create individual paragraphs that only contain one topic or main idea. Also with his handouts on writing an introductory paragraph and how to write the conclusion paragraph were extremely helpful in putting together my first writing assignment in this class. I followed the steps on brainstorming and then steps for creating a plot, and didn't feel overwhelmed and confused as I had anticipated. I followed Mr....show more content... Bogdaniecs teachings and instructions was punctuation, specifically commas. I was one of those people under the wrong assumption that commas were placed whenever there was a pause in a sentence or you are listing off multiple items, adjectives or verbs. Obviously I was wrong. In writing assignment 2 I had a few mistakes where I forgot to use correct punctuation. After reviewing Mr. Bogdanic remarks on assignment 2, I was able to go back and correct my punctuation mistakes and get a 105 out of 100 points for my revision. I finally understood why we use commas, and the importance of placing them in the correct location of a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Essay on Types Of Research Research is done everyday. Research is used in the many different situations managers encounter everyday. Research is part of the problem–solving manager do to make decisions. Research is defined as "the process of finding solutions to problem after thorough study and analysis of the situational factor" (Sekaran, p3, 2003). Managers use research for daily operational problem as well as bigger problems that can require hired research consultants. Managers who use research are able to communicate with the hired consultants because they understand the process of inquiry, investigation, examination, and explanation. Managers are also, capable of understanding the difference in good and bad studies, and can apply the research done to ...show more content... Applied research is "aimed at solving a currently experienced problem" (Sekaran, p10, 2003). This research can be as simple as finding solutions to daily operational problems. One problem managers consistently want research on is the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The research found on the relationship of customer satisfaction and loyalty spans over the past decade. Many researchers argue that there is no relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty while others find direct correlations between the two and a business's profitability. In Roger Hadowell's study, he defines loyalty as both behavioral and attitude while conducting his research on a banking organization. He states that behaviors including continuance, increased relationship, and recommendations are all behaviors of loyalty to an organization (Hadowell, 1996). His research illustrates the "relationship of profitability to customer related outcomes that managers can influence directly" (Hadowell, 1996). His findings support the hypothesis that customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty increasing profitability. Hadowell addresses two difficulties that he encountered during his research. First, work with the organization in order to develop the ideal measurement system used for the research. Secondly, focus on data collected over a period of time with strong organizations (Hadowell, 1996). In the White Page Series, researcher Burke Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and dependent variables, and the relationship between them. Research questions are categorized into two, that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in qualitative research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non–numerical and analyses special phenomena that occur in nature. Quantitative research on the other hand is more of a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through analysis to prove a hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved with regards to the results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V. ...show more content... It must be logical, and provide a concrete base for any differences between the variables. It must also be simple and clear. A hypothesis can state the following: there exists a positive relationship between employee performance and flexible working hours. Whereas a research question could generally be: do flexible working hours affect workers productivity? You can clearly see that the hypothesis states clearly and it is more specific in its prediction unlike the research question (eNotes.com, Inc 2011). Hypothesis is typically used in quantitative research only. Moreover, when a question poses an inquiry on the relationship between two variables, a hypothesis is a statement declarative in nature of the relationship between different variables (Pajares 2007). A researcher chooses whether to use a question or a hypothesis depending on the purpose of the research, its objectives, the methodology for the research and the preference of the audience to receive the research. A researcher must be able to interpret the final outcome with reference to the research questions or the hypothesis used (Pajares 2007). A research requires a minimum of two hypotheses namely a null and an alternative hypothesis. So, somebody can make a certain observation and come up with a hypothesis about how and why a phenomenon occurs the way it is. Hypothesis could be Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Ethics in Research Essay Ethics in Research Research is one of the most successful means of obtaining a wide variety of information concerning limited or broad topics. However, abundant as this information may be, it is important to maintain an ethical outlook to all research topics. As research and its subsequent experimentations advance in light of new generations, the idea of ethics becomes a more prominent issue. Researchers must be aware of the conflicts that their research may bring about. They must know how to address their findings in a moral way appealing to the pro and cons. Researchers can not simply accumulate data. Coupled with data is the process of analysis, where researchers manipulate their findings...show more content... According to the National Institute of Health, stem cells are unique cells created from embryos for infertility purposes usually through the process of in vitro fertilization (Institute on Health). Stems cells have two important characteristics that differentiate them from other types of cells. One is that they are unspecialized cells that rejuvenate themselves through cell division. The other is that, under certain conditions, they can be induced to become certain specialized cells (Institute on Health). For certain people this is life saving news. Now that cells can be specialized under these unspecialized stem cells, a patient can receive new heart cells for a diseased heart or many other life threatening diseases (Institute on Health). This information can be used in a variety of useful ways, but is it morally right to create embryos only to destroy them? Are these potential humans that could help them world in some other way? This is the perspective of many people fighting against stem–cell research. These activists claim that stem–cell research plays against the will of God. Moreover, if stem cell research is legalized world–wide, who is to say that people will use it only to benefit the curing of disease? Is it possible that people will become careless and more susceptible to disease only to receive stem cells to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Example Of Perception Research Paper Your perception is how you see things, and basically what you think about them when you see them. For example, two people might see the same thing visually like for an example two individuals see an older man with a beard and ragged clothes on the street with a sign asking for money. Person one might perceive him as a lazy human being, and think he needs to get a job. And the other individual, on the other hand, might perceive him to be a guy who, through no fault of his own, needs help, and still deserves respect. Our perceptions are shaped by our upbringing mostly, and by what we are taught by others. Racism is another example of perception. It's all about what your "opinion" is when you see something.Everyone at least once in their life has judged or even stereotyped someone just by taking one look at their...show more content... I remember watching that show when I was younger and would always perceive a "geek" to look like that. But that's what movies and television shows do, they are known for stereotyping and with that other who aren't taught will also perceive and believe these stereotypes that these Hollywood films are showing.Perception and stereotypes is a massive problem that a lot of individuals of color are facing in a negative way. Both my parents being Hispanic they have had their experiences with stereotypes coming in their way that being people assuming that they cannot speak English and when they do speak English they get backhanded compliments saying that they were surprised that they speak "good English'. That's an example of what microaggression is, verbal, nonverbal, or insults whether they were intentional or unintentional. Being half Colombian from my mother's side I have heard so many stereotypes about how Colombians are drug dealers. Everyone knows who Pablo Escobar is. However, what he isn't is a fair representation of all Colombians. Not everyone in Colombia is a coke trafficker or drug lord. Also, shocking fact, coke is not even legal in Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Three Descriptive Research Methods Essay One of of three methods used for descriptive research is the case study. The case study method is the oldest form of research used in psychology today. To help you better understand what case studies are I would recommend you think of an individual person case. Case study is when someone studies one person to explain things that happen for all of us. Basically applying the outcome to all people ; one representing all. Case studies will describe your behavior. In present day we have noticed that although the individual cases may be accurate, it only applies to that one person. There will always be a conflict of interest because what may happen to one person does not necessarily happen to the next. For example you may say that after ...show more content... This type of research gathers information from a large group of people. It will be not go into depth as much as the case study might and involves many cases. As an example think of making you own survey and distributing it out to various amounts of people, gathering the information and conducting you hypothesis. We are constantly asked to participate in surveys whether its an internet advertisement or a class handout from the college you attend. When asking you question you have to be careful as to how you word the question. The words you choose may influence a participant to lean toward a certain side. You may sound biased toward one issue which will effect you survey and hypothesis. Using random sampling allows researcher to have a fair representation of the subjects under study. Every person has an equal chance of participating. I would use this method with very larger groups of people. Ex. school. The last from of research would be naturalistic observation. Basically watching and recording the behavior of different subjects in the natural environment.Much of the reality shows today could be considered a form of naturalistic observation. Pending on how much the program actually interferes with the subject , they allow for an interesting hypothesis. This research will describe the behavior of an subject. Now that we have the information from the research we can evaluate the differences and similarities. When the research reveals that one Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. WhatВґs Market Research? Essay examples Market research is a process which companies, industries and organisations carry out to gather, analyse and interpret information gathered from the market. Market research can research about a new product that is going to sell on the market or an existing product and get to know existing and future customers spending habits and their preference. Besides, market research also involves research on competitors business owner face. A successful market research is a market research that can collect accurate information from the market because accurate information help business owner to make the right decisions and thus it helps them to make more profit. Basically market research can be identified into four main class of study. First is...show more content... There are five steps to carry out market research. Market research start with defining objectives that is to identify the end result that needs to be achieved. Next is developing the sample. This is to determine the group which can provide us answers that are related to our research for example if we want to make a market research about education then we can find a target group of parents, teachers and students. If we want to a do a market research about health care then our target group might be doctors and patients. Next is to develop questions. Developing questions is a very important part as the questions asked should not be biased in order to collect useful and accurate information. A biased question is a question that directly or indirectly force the user to choose the answers. For example a question ask "do you want money?". Then this is a biased question because all of us will choose "want" therefore it has force people to the answer. The next step is collecting data. Collecting data can be carry out by giving out surveys through phone, web, mails, face to face interviews and others. There are many factors that can affect the choice of choosing the way of collecting examples are research objectives, cost and timing. The last step is analysing results. This is the most important steps as it is all about understanding and interpreting what the data collected revealed. Market research can be divided into two types of research. The first type of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay EVALUATION DATA RESEARCH Qualitative research seeks to answer the "why" and not the "how" of the research project that is being conducted, this is done through a complex system of analyzing unstructured information such as survey's , questionnaires, interviews, interview transcripts, open end survey's, focus groups, observations, emails, notes, video's, feed back forms and photo's; most of the time a qualitative report won't depend on statistical evidence alone it must be accompanied by detailed facts and proven facts and not hypotheses or in accurate data, this can lead to misunderstanding of data findings and can through the whole aim of the research project off and waste valuable time. A qualitative research project is mainly used...show more content... According to (Bamberger, et, al, 2006) the purpose of the interview is to elicit information about and from the stakeholders experience, perceptions, and meanings, this is critical in a qualitative research project it helps to understand what is being asked of the stakeholder. Interview data also incorporates the stakeholders personal perspective, and gives confirmation of the data through direct observation, or from other stakeholders involved in the research project; by eliciting the input of observation data this helps to confirm to the researcher the intent of the stakeholder, it also shows their behavior, and their personal meaning. Documentary and artifactual data includes texts, photos, and other tangible items from the site that they are being collected from, analyzed and reviewed. By reviewing the documents artifacts and materials of a culture provides the researcher with an unobtrusive method of gaining information and may offer other forms of information that's unavailable from any other data source. According to (Bamberger, et, al, 2006) journals, artifacts, photo's and artwork may provide information of occurrences that have happened before the evaluators arrival. As in all research projects documents and artifacts include the perspective and the biases of their human creator, therefore each item must be considered Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Applied Research Essay example Applied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. Beneficial interventions and treatments are developed from the cause and effect of many research projects. Validity concerns become a vital part of each research project. The use of descriptive and inferential statistics for maintaining accuracy controls usually involves the use of an analysis...show more content... (2009). Inferential statistics try to find a significant effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable by standard percent margins set for approval in accuracy. Descriptive statistics strive to describe large sample populations as to the proportion of a given variable existing in that sample. Inferential statistics are more generalized in describing the variable as to the population being represented by the sample. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are used side by side in analyzing research data. Descriptive data gives a nice picture image of the information on hand and inferential data gives a more significant indication of how much effect the independent variable had on the dependent variable. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to confirm the information or data from a research study correct. Any error of variances or systematic variances in the data indicating error warrants confirmation by inferential statistics methods. The benefit for any interventions or treatments relying on inferential statistics for accuracy remains great. The effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable makes all the difference in the validity of a research study. Single–Case and Small–N Designs Single–case and small–N research designs both study individuals not groups. The small–n design tries to find cause and effect on individuals by assessing the reactions when applying single treatments and Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Qualitative Reflection When you look in the mirror what do you see? Everybody asked this question responds with a similar answer, you see yourself, of course. But individually, you are so much more than that. You study your reflection wondering what people think of you, what traits you possess, what are your strengths and weakness, and other components that make you, you. This study takes a closer look at those traits and characteristics to analyze how you are perceived through the eyes of another. Statement of Purpose The research project conducted uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data, analyze, then interpret how an individual is perceived in society. To evaluate the qualitative research the addition of a literature review...show more content... By collecting people's judgements of me, I am able to evaluate my strengths and weakness as an individual and as a professional. In order to be a successful individual in society one must gain greater understanding into one's own traits, behavior, and actions that affects people's overall judgements of that individual. A self– analysis will provide me with adequate findings to realize was facets of myself need to be developed, altered, or even reduced. Even if this project furthers my character development, implications of this study are still possible. This research could hurt my self–esteem, make me question my actions, or even harm my self– perception. By finding out this information it could lead me to feel insecure about my appearance, actions, and traits so far in life that would be enough to contribute to me devaluating my self–worth. This information could also give me overconfidence I do not necessarily need. Finding out over positive information could harm my attitude, making me arrogant, selfish, and conceited. Order of Key Points The order of key points moves from the abstract to the conclusion of the self–analysis study. Key points include the establishment of the research question and hypothesis, the five questions used for in–depth analysis, three distinct concepts evaluated in the literature review related to my research, methods and procures to replicate the study, and the discussion of my findings. The discussion section included Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Example Of Search Strategy Search strategy Three data bases were used to collect the data, namely, One Search, CINAHL and ProQuest. These data bases were searched for the terms such as 'cardiac rehabilitation', 'quality of life,' 'benefits', and 'CHD'. Inclusion criteria were qualitative articles, written in English and published between the years of 2010 and 2017. Quantitative articles and articles written in non–English languages are excluded from this study. Moreover, this study focused only on adults, therefore the paediatric studies are also excluded from this study. After applying the inclusion and exclusion strategy, 12 articles reported qualitative study regarding the topic and they are used in this essay. Data analysis Braun and Clarke (2006) developed a...show more content... 1.1a ExercisePhysical inactivity is one of the modifiable risk factor for the coronary heart diseases (Devries et al, 2011), and therefore exercise is used as an integral component of the primary and secondary prevention in reducing mortality and improving the quality of life. Upon reviewing the literature, the author found that, patients' perspective about physical exercise differs widely. In their study Holder et al (2015) found that, the increased awareness of the mortality after the cardiac event, help the patients to change their outlook towards life and this further help them to realise the health benefit of exercise. In addition to that, some of the patients claimed that, exercise helped to divert their mind and thus helps them to cope with the condition (Holder et al, 2015). Moreover, the current cardiac rehabilitation programme, made the patients aware of the health benefits of exercise and, therefore they were motivated to continue the exercise (Hillsdon et al, 2013; Morken et al, 2013). Exercising in a safe environment, under the supervision of the trained staff increases the confidence of patients in participating exercise (Morken et al, 2013). The study also found that, the patient increases their self–confidence level in performing exercise, after seeing the health improvements in the former cardiac patients (Morken et al, 2013). Furthermore, Back et al (2017) carried a further study to evaluate Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. The Purpose Of Research Design Essay Research Design Wanda Joy Connally Ohio Christian University November 21, 2016 The purpose of research design is to make certain that the information acquired allows one to consolidate the various elements of a study in a logical and comprehensive manner to effectively address a research problem. There are three types of research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research. Each of these methods possesses a different value, but despite the purpose of the research, the method is similar. The least understood type of company research is qualitative research. This type of research is used to aid in understanding or exploring an identified issue and/or concern with customers and/or users. Its value is to help companies understand the habits and emotions of customers and/or users in relationship to the company's products. This, in turn, will help a company identify how or what determines the customer's decision. These type of studies are based on one–on–one customer interviews. An example of qualitative research would be a department store that has more women shoppers than men. To find out why this is occurring the department store would interview a sample of potential men shoppers to determine why they are not patronizing their department store. Some of the reasons could be the store is not stocking enough products suitable for men, the store displays the image of a women's store, and/or the store has all female employees which can be uncomfortable Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Research Experience I have proactively engaged in research activity throughout my undergraduate program. I had my first research experience in Dr. B Anand's lab, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, during my second year. The aim of the project was to study the non–fluorescent beta–barrel structured proteins and engineer its amino acid sequence to make them into fluorescent ones. Our approach was mainly based upon the studies of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Tools like Python programming language, Gromacs, Ribosome, PROSS, and Pymol were used to study the structural components of non–fluorescent proteins. I gained invaluable...show more content... I was challenged with cloning ydeH gene into the pJT118 plasmids which are green light sensitive. The ydeH gene produces a protein named diguanylate cyclase, which induces the production of c–di–GMP in Rosetta strain. This project gave me an opportunity to participate and win silver at International Bio–molecular design competition (BIOMOD) 2012 held at Wyss Institute, Harvard University, USA. Most of the molecular genetic techniques were extensively used in my project. During this internship, apart from gaining deeper technical experience, I realized that I could work on a research problem with a certain degree of independence, figuring out right approaches and proposing useful experiments. I acquired more confidence in my aptitude for research and it has been boosted while working on my undergraduate projects. As a part of my undergraduate thesis, I worked on a project 'Extraction and analysis of beauvericin, a mycotoxin produced by Beauveria bassiana and its cytotoxic effects on the SF–21 (immortalized pupal ovarian cells isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line' under the guidance of Dr. Gurvinder Kaur Saini, IIT Guwahati. Beauvericin metabolite was extracted from the Beauveria bassiana isolates UB17 and UB21, by using n–hexane extraction method and the presence of beauvericin was analyzed and confirmed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass spectroscopy (MS). Cytotoxic Get more content on HelpWriting.net