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• Music therapy is the clinical use of music to accomplish
individualized goals such as reducing stress, improving mood
and self-expression.
• It is an evidence-based therapy well-established in the health
community.
• Music therapy experiences may include listening, singing,
playing instruments, or composing music.
• Musical skills or talents are not required to participate.
MEANING:-
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ORIGIN AND NEED TO USE:-
• It Was Started By Thayer Gaston, also Known As The Father Of Music
Therapy.He initiated the first music school in 1940’s.
• The Idea Of Music As A Healing Influence Which Could Affect Health And
Behavior Is As Least As Old As The Writings Of Aristotle And Plato And In
Some Cultures, Long Before That.
• The 20th Century Profession Formally Began After World War I And World
War Ii When Community Musicians Of All Types, Both Amateur And
Professional, Went To Veterans Hospitals Around The Country To Play For
The Thousands Of Veterans Suffering Both Physical And Emotional Trauma
From The Wars.
• The Patients' Notable Physical And Emotional Responses To Music Led The
Doctors And Nurses To Request The Hiring Of Musicians By The Hospitals.
• It Was Soon Evident That The Hospital Musicians Needed Some Prior
Training Before Entering The Facility And So The Demand Grew For A
College Curriculum.
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Indian music often depends upon melodic
movement, that is, the occurrence of tones or
musical notes to create a single line of tune.
Rather than being based on harmony, which uses
several lines of melody in pleasing contrast with
each other, Indian music is distinguished from
Western music.
INDIAN MUSIC THERAPY:-
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● Attempts have been made from long ago to relate the basic notes in Indian music to
the eight basic emotions in Indian drama. These notes include sadaja, rishaba,
gandhara, madhyama, panchama, dhaibata, and nishada, while the moods are
sringar (love), hasya (laughter), karuna (compassion), vira (heroism), raudra (wrath),
bhayanaka (fear), bibhatsa (disgust), and adbhuta (wonder).
● Madhyama and panchama - feeling of love or laughter
● Gandhara and nishada - evocative of compassion
● Dhaibata - use for fear and disgust.
● Sadaja and rishaba - commonly used to create a mood of anger,courage, or
wonder.
● Indian music is based on the concept of raga and rasa.
MUSIC AND EMOTIONS-
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METHODS:-
• Generally, music therapy consists of four main methods- receptive, re-creative, improvisation, and
composition. These methods can be utilized in numerous variations- some of which are described below.
• The receptive method typically consists of listening to music in some fashion. This can include listening to
live or recorded music. Listening to music may be the main form of therapy in a session. For example, for
relaxation or pain relief. In other cases, listening to music may then Segway into a therapeutic discussion
regarding song themes or processing emotions brought up during the song. The receptive method
provides opportunity for movement to music or dancing as well.
• The re-creative method of music therapy includes recreating music that already exists. For example,
singing a favorite song or playing instruments as a group to popular tunes. There are many benefits to
actively making music such as improved motor skills, orientation to reality, social interaction, memory
recall, breath support, and relaxation.
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METHODS:-
• The improvisation method is not as intimidating as it might sound. Improvisation could be as complicated
as improvising a melody or as simple as clapping a short rhythm. Improvisation can be experienced through
spontaneous use of the voice, instruments, body percussion, or making any kind of sound in the
environment! It can also be enjoyed by an individual playing solo or with a group such as in a call-and-
response. Improvisation can be a wonderful medium for self-exploration, emotional awareness, and
communicating with others in the moment.
• One does not need to be a seasoned songwriter to engage in the composition method of music therapy.
Like improvisation, composition ranges in complexity. A client might write an entire song (lyrics and
instrumentals), play it, and then talk about it with the music therapist. Composition can also be sharing one
word ideas to fill-in-the-blank of a well known song lyric. Instead of “All you need is love,” a client might say,
“All you need is chocolate!” Composition can also be a way of creating legacy projects as a gift for loved
ones through music collages or heartbeat recordings.
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TYPES:-
Two fundamental types of music therapy are receptive music therapy and active music
therapy (also known as expressive music therapy). Active music therapy engages
clients or patients in the act of making music, whereas receptive music therapy guides
patients or clients in listening or responding to live or recorded music. Either or both
can lead to verbal discussions, depending on client needs and the therapist's
orientation.
RECEPTIVE:-
Receptive music therapy involves listening to recorded or live music or responding to
music, such as via dancing or other movement to music, or lyric discussion. It can
improve mood, decrease stress, decrease pain, enhance relaxation, and decrease
anxiety; this can help with coping skills.There is also evidence chemistry in one's body
may change, e.g. lowered cortisol levels
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TYPES:-
ACTIVE
In active music therapy, patients engage in some form of music-making, e.g.
vocalizing, rapping, chanting, singing, playing instruments, improvising, song writing,
composing, conducting. Researchers at Baylor, Scott, and White Universities are
studying the effect of harmonica playing on patients with COPD in order to determine if
it helps improve lung function.
Another example of active music therapy takes place in a nursing home in Japan:
therapists teach the elderly how to play easy-to-use instruments so they can overcome
physical difficulties.
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BENEFITS:-
Music therapy may help you psychologically, emotionally, physically, spiritually, cognitively and
socially. A short list of benefits includes:
• Lowering blood pressure
• Improving memory.
• Enhanced communication and social skills through experiencing music with others.
• Self-reflection. Observing your thoughts and emotions.
• Reducing muscle tension.
• Self-regulation. Developing healthy coping skills to manage your thoughts and emotions.
• Increasing motivation.
• Managing pain.
• Increasing joy.
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BENEFITS:-
The mechanisms of the effect of music therapy may include:
● Offering a medium for emotional expression without the use of words.
● The creation of music in a band offers a social environment.
● The creation of music is its own reward and motivation.
● The pleasure in listening to music overcomes the flattened affect and
lack of motivation or meaning, in depressed individuals.
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IMPORTANCE:-
• If You Are Dealing With Mental Health Disorder, music Therapy Can Help You with
Communication And Expression.
• It Can Help You Explore Your Thoughts And Feelings, improve Your Mood And Concentration
And Develop Coping Skills.
• Music Therapy Can Help Decrease Your Pain , anxiety , fatigue And Depression.
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PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF MUSIC:-
Music relaxes the muscles, reduces both systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and even brings down the
oxygen saturation, particularly when the music is slow, soft, and not accompanied by words. However, faster
music causes a rise in these parameters, as well as in the breathing rate and overall sympathetic tone.
Cognitive reactions to music strengthen the firing of certain neurons, which may also be used to perform a
related task. Thus, music helps to enhance learning in certain areas, such as verbal learning and abstract
conceptualization.
These effects of music are brought about by many areas of the brain. Dopamine, endorphins, and nitrous oxide
are all thought to be involved in the pleasurable sensation of listening to pleasant music. Both emotional and
physical effects, such as skin vasodilatation and a drop in blood pressure, may be observed. Classical music
produces no change in stress hormones and growth hormones, unlike techno music.
14. MUSIC THERAPY IN EDUCATION
While the broad history of music and therapy is difficult to trace, the history of music
therapy in schools has followed a clearer historical path. The use of music therapy
began to emerge in the United States education system during the 1970s along with use
in nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, and prisons. The 1997 reauthorization of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), further advanced music therapy in the
public school setting because it was now classified as a related service.
15. HOW MUSIC HELPS IN HEALING:
1. Music reduces stress and anxiety
2.Music decreases pain
3. Music may improve immunity
4. Music helps us to exercise
5.Music helps us sleep peacefully
