2. • Reading is the means to study something. The reader looks
at the words, symbols and characters in a text so as to
comprehend its meaning.
• Reading is an interactive process in which readers construct a
meaningful representation of a text using effective reading
strategies.
• In the view of Wixson et al. (1987) reading is the process of
creating meaning. Reading process involves the reader's existing
knowledge, the text information and the reading context.
3. • Reading comprehension refers to the ability of reading a text,
processing it and understanding its meaning.
• It involves two interconnected skills, word reading and
language comprehension.
• Word reading means the ability to decode the symbols on the
page whereas the language comprehension refers to understand
the meaning of the words and sentences.
4. According to Duke (2003) comprehension is a process in
which readers make meaning by interacting with text through
the combination of prior knowledge, previous experience,
information in the text, and the views of readers related to the
text.
Dijk and Kintsch (1983) define reading comprehension as the
process of creating meaning from text. The purpose is to get
an understanding of the text rather than to acquire meaning
from individual words or sentences.
5. Intensive Reading
• Intensive reading involves learners reading in detail with
specific learning aims and tasks. It is a reading method
wherein learners are supposed to read the short text carefully
and deeply so as to gain maximum understanding.
Extensive Reading
• Extensive reading is an approach to language learning in
which long text and a large amount of material are read by the
students for general understanding.
6. • Extensive means covering a substantial area. Extensive reading
refers to that type of reading in which students read and refer to
large quantities of material, chosen by themselves.
• Intensive refers to in-depth or concentrated. Therefore, intensive
reading means that type of reading in which the material has to
be read carefully and thoroughly, to get specific details.
7. Skimming
• Skimming refers to read a text quickly in order to get a
general overview of the material.
Scanning
• Scanning means to read a text rapidly in order to find specific
piece of information.
9. • When learners preview text, they recall what they already
know.
• This strategy helps them to understand the text they are
about to read.
• The reader get a framework for any new information in the
text when they read.
10. • Learners should make predictions about the text they
when they read.
• It sets up expectations based on their prior knowledge
about similar topics.
• As they read, they may mentally revise their prediction as
they gain more information.
11. • Identifying the main idea and summarizing
requires that students determine what is important
and then put it in their own words.
• This process helps to understand the author’s
purpose in writing the text.
12. • Asking and answering questions about text is a strategy that
helps students focus on the meaning of text.
• Teachers can help the learners by modeling both the process of
asking good questions and strategies for finding the answers in
the text.
13. • Inference refers to the act or process of forming an opinion,
based on what you already know
• In order to make inferences about something that is not
explicitly stated in the text, students must learn to draw on
prior knowledge and recognize clues in the text itself.
14. • Readers can take advantage of illustrations that are embedded
in the text.
• They can create their own mental images or drawings when
reading text without illustrations.
15. • Reading comprehension process demands a great deal of efforts on the
part of a learner.
• Successful readers strive to apply numerous skills to grasp meaning
from the texts.
• Readers should be involved in the reading process by using different
strategies to monitor the meaning.
• Comprehension processes becomes effective through the knowledge and
application of reading strategies.
