This document discusses analog and digital signals. It defines analog signals as continuous signals that represent other variables over time, while digital signals represent data as a sequence of discrete values. Some key differences are that analog signals use continuous ranges of values and sine waves, while digital signals use discrete zeros and ones and square waves. Analog signals are more affected by noise than digital signals. The document also briefly explains the decimal and binary numbering systems.

1. Analog and Digital
made by
Mohamed Salah
Mohamed El-Sayed
Osama Fawzi
Eslam Abd-El kader
Ahmed Hossam

2. What is Signal ?
• A signal is an electromagnetic or electrical current that is used for
carrying data from one system or network to another.The signal is a
function that conveys information about a phenomenon.
• In electronics and telecommunications, it refers to any time-varying
voltage that is an electromagnetic wave which carries information.
• There are two main types of signals: Analog signal and Digital signal.

3. Analog signal:-
• Analog signal is a continuous signal in which one time-varying quantity
represents another time-based variable.These kind of signals works
with physical values and natural phenomena such as earthquake,
frequency, volcano, speed of wind, weight, lighting, etc. .
• More affected by noise.

4. Digital signal: -
• Digital signal is a signal that is used to represent data as a sequence
of separate values at any point in time. It can only take on one of a
fixed number of values.This type of signal represents a real number
within a constant range of values.
• Less effected by noise.

5. Analog vs Digital: -

6. • An analog signal is a continuous signal whereas Digital signals are time
separated signals.
• Analog signal is denoted by sine waves while It is denoted by square waves
• Analog signal uses a continuous range of values that help you to represent
information on the other hand digital signal uses discrete 0 and 1 to
represent information.
• Comparing Digital vs Analog signals,The analog signal bandwidth is low
while the bandwidth of the digital signal is high.
• Analog instruments give considerable observational errors whereas Digital
instruments never cause any kind of observational errors

8. Decimal system: -
• Decimal system is positional numeral system employing 10 as
the base and requiring 10 different numerals, the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9. It also requires a dot (decimal point) to represent decimal
fractions.
• Example:- 543.21 represents the sum (5 × 102) + (4 × 101) + (3
× 100) + (2 × 10−1) + (1 × 10−2) .

9. Binary system: -
• Binary system is positional numeral system employing 2 as
the base and so requiring only two different symbols for its
digits, 0 and 1, instead of the usual 10 different symbols needed
in the decimal system.
• For example: - The numbers from 0 to 10 are thus in binary 0,
1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, and 1010.