Should Euthanasia Be Morally Permissible

Should Euthanasia Be Morally Permissible
First Section: Introduction
Today, the resolution for the debate is "Let it be resolved that euthanasia should be morally permissible for the disabled and children". To begin with,
one must comprehend the essence of "euthanasia" and "morally permissible" to follow the arguments in this debate. According to the Oxford Dictionary,
euthanasia is "the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma". Whereas, morally
permissible according to Deni Elliot, in her book "Ethics the First Person" means the "behaviour that is tolerated by the moral system". With regards to
Euthanasia, it is classified as active and passive. In layman's terms, "Active Euthanasia" is when the immediate result of death is not from the patient's
disease but a medical action was done to result their death such as providing a lethal drug. In the other hand, "Passive Euthanasia" is when the death is
caused by the patient's disease which enables to advance naturally without any influence of treatment which might prolong the patients' life. As I have
stated my clarifications, I am hereby to present three arguments within the PRO side of the debate.
First Argument: (Decrease the Act of Suffering By Having The Freedom to Choose)
First of all, it is inevitable that the argument "euthanasia being morally permissible" is relevant to the philosophical theory "Utilitarianism" which
generally fixates on increasing happiness and decreasing misery to an
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Pros And Cons Of Voluntary Euthanasia
I will be arguing whether the primary health care team should be able suggest euthanasia as an option for their patients. The primary healthcare team
refers to the doctors that will be the publics first call when they need medical help, for example General Practitioners, nurses, support staff, midwives,
practise managers and health visitors are all part of the primary healthcare team. They will know the most about their patients' health and wellbeing.
Voluntaryeuthanasia is when a person has made the choice that they want to die. This includes: asking for help with dying, refusing medical treatment,
asking for medical treatment to be stopped, or life support machines to be switched off or refusing to eat (1). Voluntary euthanasia differs fromphysician
assisted suicide as it is when doctors counsel and provide a lethal amount of a drug for their patient to take. My question is whether it should be legal
for doctors to discuss voluntary euthanasia to their patients, especially if they have patients with incurable painful life limiting illnesses, the doctors
will not play a role in distributing the drug to them as that is illegal in the UK but will just suggest it as an option, the primary healthcare team should
not counsel their patients to deciding but just leave it as an option.
The UK laws state that euthanasia is illegal under any circumstance and that it can be regarded as manslaughter or murder, with the maximum penalty
being life imprisonment (2). As of June 2016,

Pros And Cons Of Euthanasia
In a sense, euthanasia has been one of the most controversial and debated topics to ever arise in medicine. Euthanasia is defined as the intentional,
painless killing by act or omission of a dependent human being suffering from an incurable disease or irreversible coma (King, 2016). Although the
practice is still illegal in many areas, it is becoming more accepted, legal, and decriminalized in many parts of the United States. In majority of cases,
the termination is carried out at the person's request, but there are times when they may be too ill or not in their right mind, and it is left to close
relatives to make the decision. Euthanasia directly affects autonomy, which is a patient's right to make his own decision regarding his own life
(Lachman, 2010). It is also important to be able to identify the different types of euthanasia, because it is not as simple as just "terminating a life." It is
much more difficult that the previous definitions leads on. It can be done in several different ways, each with their own defining characteristics, and
issues can arise from every one of them. Euthanasia, also known as patient assisted suicide or "mercy killing" has many pros, cons, morality concerns,
and legal issues that directly impact the future of the practice.
When considering the technique of euthanasia, all forms of the definition must first be considered. One form is known as active or passive euthanasia.
Like the name suggests, active euthanasia is directly causing a

Pros And Cons Of Voluntary Active Euthanasia
General Overview
Death is inevitable, most of us do not know when or how, but it happens to everyone. The thought of planning your death or having a doctor help
complete the task is hard to contemplate. What if you were dying, you had a terminal illness that you would never recover from, imagine as the
part of the disease process you would slowly lose your ability to: care for yourself, feed yourself, you would lose your memory, and the ability to
walk or talk. What if during this process you would have pain and agony beyond words and despite trying all the medical options available there
was just no relief. Life is sometimes unfair and we are faced with tough decisions, what if a you had the opportunity to do the things on your bucket
list, make amends with family or friends and when you got to the point that you couldn't stand the pain and agony anymore you could say goodbye
and take a pill and go to sleep and it would be the end of suffering. I believe that voluntary active euthanasia is morally acceptable for terminally ill
people.
First we need to establish exactly what euthanasia is. Euthanasia as defined by our text is "directly or indirectly bringing about death of another person
for that person's sake." (Vaughn, 2013, p. 357). There are several forms of euthanasia; voluntary euthanasia, performed with a person's consent;
involuntary euthanasia, performed without a person's consent and non–voluntary consent, where the person is incapable of giving consent. Next, we

Arguments in favor of euthanasia say that people are capable of making rational decisions, even when they are suffering and terminally ill. These
decisions are usually based upon moral or religious values as well as certain beliefs concerning the value and quality of human life (Robinson,
2016). Different arguments in favor of euthanasia include saying certain ways of dying are better than others called "The Good Death" or letting
the patient die in dignity. This view gives the patient an advantage of not dying from their disease of from the injury. If the person is in pain it
reduces their suffering, this is considered a favorable act for euthanasia. People will still attempt suicide if they can't get a physician to perform
euthanasia because it is "illegal", euthanasia prepares the family for the death of a loved one and avoids the horrific scene of someone having to
discover their lifeless body. The top argument against euthanasia is that no person can take the life of another, because in some cases active and
involuntary euthanasia are considered to be murder. People feel as if a physician's job is to help their patient and prevent their death, when others
believe that physicians are not capable of preventing death completely and should respect the wishes of their patients. Another argument against would
be suffering is "good" for the soul. Some people believe that suffering is payments for sins in the current world to guarantee them a better afterlife.
Then there is

Euthanasia is a term typically associated with the mercy–killing of animals, but many are unaware that this action applies to humans as well. Voluntary
euthanasia is legal in only some places like the Netherlands and Belgium but assisted suicide is legal in much more countries like Switzerland,
Germany, and Japan. Euthanasia and assisted suicide are mistakenly used interchangeably, but they are very different on the levels of involvement. A
physician assisting a patient to obtain lethal means to end the patient's life is assisted suicide whereas euthanasia is the physician taking an active role
in administering the lethal means to the patient. Although the two differ, they are usually discussed together. The places where euthanasia and assisted
...show more content...
Those that are faced with the inevitable should be the ones to decide whether or not they want to sustain their own life because who else would
know their mind better than themselves? The choice to die is filling with dignity, but being forced to stay alive again one's own will strips patients
of their humanity. The cost effectiveness of euthanasia and assisted suicide will be a huge stress relief for terminally ill patients while also
benefiting those patients that are not terminally ill. Those against euthanasia and assisted suicide often claim that its legalization will lead to
murder, but with protective policies in place that will not happen. Assisted suicide is legal in less than five countries and euthanasia is legal in
fewer, but soon more and more counties are going to start considering legalization. It is important for the citizens of these countries to understand
what will happen if euthanasia continues to be illegal and what will happen if it is legalized. It will affect them, their loved ones, and their fellow
citizens. Taking a life is a serious matter and so is the autonomy of each person. A patient facing the end of their life should not be forced to face it in
pain, rather they should be the ones to decide when they are ready to

Pro Euthanasia Pro And Cons Essay
Pro Euthanasia Imagine being sick with a terminal illness that brought excruciating pain and a limited number of months to live. Would it be worth
it to keep going? Living day by day in a hospital not knowing which day could be the last. When dealing with a terminal illness, life becomes
boring. Every day is spent lying in a hospital bed constantly being poked and prodded by nurses and doctors and when family comes to visit, there are
no fun, meaningful conversations, all that is talked about is the next treatment plan and if it will even work. Being in a state like this may lead one to
ask themselves, is it worth it? All the pain and suffering without any results, seeing people in the hospital getting better but you seem to keep getting
worse,...show more content...
Euthanasia is necessary for people who have had enough suffering and have been in pain for too long. One may feel like they are done with
putting up with the anguish and feel that their life is over. Many people consider turning toward euthanasia because they feel as though they have
fulfilled their life and lived it to the fullest. In the Netherlands, a petition for physician assisted suicide received over 100,000 signatures by people
over the age of 70 who believed that their lives were complete and they wanted to die.(Margaret Somerville). Euthanasia ends the unnecessary
suffering that people are constantly put through by their disease daily. It ends one's misery and allows them to die in peace on one's own terms. As
previously stated, euthanasia is not about wanting to die, it is about not wanting to live with unbearable pain at all hours of the day and constantly
having treatment after treatment that does not seem to be working. Euthanasia helps to end suffering by administering a lethal dose of drugs
prescribed by a physician or doctor. Euthanasia is a peaceful way to die. One can be euthanized in a calm setting with their friends and family all
around to say goodbye. There is no waiting for the dreaded day of death that no one can see coming, with euthanasia, one can decide when they want
to go and how they will die. It provides a sense of

The Pros And Cons Of Euthanasia
Euthanasia, also known is physician assisted suicide (PAS), is the act of ending a terminally ill patient's life, which ends their suffering and pain. It is a
highly controversial topic in today's society for a many reasons. Despite this ethical controversy, euthanasia should be a legal medical option for
patients in critical condition. There are many benefits of resorting to euthanasia, one of them being that it ends a patient's suffering. If a patient has a
terminal illness and are in pain, they have the right to decide if they want to end their suffering. "It is hard to deny the right of an 85–year–old with
terminal cancer of the pancreas and almost no family and friends left, to commit suicide or ask for assisted death" (Niekerk). If a person is suffering
alone, with no comfort from friends and family it can be hard for them to cope. With nobody to turn to for guidance or care, they should have the
right to decide if it is time for them to die. That individual, and only that individual should decide their fate. What makes people believe they can tell
other how to deal with pain, or how to live their life? Any person should be able to decide their fate, because nobody can feel what they feel and
nobody experiences pain like they do. One argument against euthanasia is the idea that it violates the hippocratic oath. This oath is a set of rules thats
doctors swear by. It states that doctors will bring no harm to any patient. One line in particular states

Pro Euthanasia Pros And Cons Essay
Euthanasia: The pros
Anatomy
Durkos
Sarah Carter
Jan 6, 2013
Over the years there has been a debate on whether euthanasia is a "humane" form of death. Some believe it isn't humane and others believe euthanasia
is personal choice. Euthanasia is legal Australia and in four states in the united states. The legality ofeuthanasia is based on ethics primarily. I am pro
euthanasia for many reasons; Euthanasia is cheaper, it ends the suffering of patients, and self determinism. Euthanasia is the assisted ending of a person
life in response to pain and suffering. There are two types of Euthanasia: Voluntary and involuntary. ("Top 10 Pros and Cons– Euthanasia,2010)
Voluntary euthanasia refers to a patient and physician...show more content...
The fact that its legal in some places around the world shows that its not a ludicrous alternative to whats known as regular health care. In my
opinion America doesn't care about the people, instead they care about war funding and budget cuts. The people making decisions for the United
States are not "general population", they are the 1% meaning that most decisions made don't really effect them. ( Who are the 1%?, 2014) The
same goes for the school system, the administrators haven't been in an actual school as an actual student in decades yet they make decisions on our
education. The government forces themselves into private matters of not only the American people but the whole world leaving no room for
privacy. The government is pushy. Euthanasia activist Jack Kevorkian said "Dying is not a crime" which is absolutely correct. (Jack Kevorkian,
2014) Dying is apart of living. Kevorkian was arrested for 130 assisted suicides in 1999. He was an advocate for euthanasia because he believed that
people shouldn't be forced to live a life they don't want. During his rein of assisted suicides Kevorkian didn't base his practices on ethics or even
logical terms. It has been said that any person that came to Kevorkian for euthanasia purposes could receive the treatment. When

Essay Pro Euthanasia
When someone is inevitably dying and in inexplicable pain is it really a crime to grant their wishes and end their suffering? As of right now
euthanasia is illegal in many countries and is a very controversial topic. Is it compassion for the patient helping them in ending their life or murder?
The doctor is not giving death as an option, it is the patients choice and even where it is legal there are many rules. Euthanasia should not be considered
a crime because the patient is not being murdered; they are having their suffering end in a painless, humane way out of compassion for the patient and
their family.
Euthanasia is defined by the World Book Millennium 2000 encyclopaedia as, "the practise of painlessly ending the lives of people...show more content...
The reason to legalize euthanasia is clear, these people need to have the choice to die with dignity.
Dr. Jack Kevorkian more commonly known as Dr. Death is greatly known for his opinion that euthanasia should be legalized and his work with
patients seeking help. He was very important in showing euthanasia and voicing his opinion on the subject so the public could not ignore the
importance of the matter. Dr. Kevorkian was said to have been involved with 130 suicides by patients who wanted to end their own lives (Nicol and
Wylie 17). He had two machines he used to help the patients, one an injection and the other a mask, however both machines were operated by the
patient and although Dr. Kevorkian was taken to court many times for these he was not convicted because the patient was in control. He was very
careful as to not actually commit the act himself until he was contacted by Thomas Youk, a young with Lou Gheric's disease; Lou Gheric's disease is
when the muscle stop working and eventually the patient chokes to death. Tom's condition prevented him from actually operating the machines and
therefore Dr. Kevorkian decided that he would operate the machine himself because he cared greatly about all his patients and could not let Tom live in
his constant fear (Nicol and Wylie 11). Dr. Kevorkian taped Tom's wishes and then himself hooking up the machine and pushing the button to inject the
drugs. He then proceed to

Pros And Cons Of The Ethnic Issue Of Euthanasia
Euthanasia
I chose to research the pros and cons of the ethnic issue of euthanasia. I also said that I was for euthanasia, but while researching the topic I found that
there was more than just one kind and that I am for euthanasia only for certain cases. I would not encourage someone to consider that option but I
would understand if euthanasia was something they want to do. A person who would consider euthanasia is someone who is terminally ill and in
extreme pain.
This six different types of euthanasia are:
1. Passive Euthanasia is when a patient chose to stop or not start their treatment or medication and allowing them to die.
2. Active euthanasia which is giving a person a lethal drug causing them to die.
3. Voluntary Euthanasia...show more content...
An agreement people would bring up if euthanasia became legal in all states is the fact that euthanasia can become mainly involuntary. Patients can
feel emotional pressures from family to make a decision that they do not want to make. Other people like family or medical staff can decide if they
want whether you should live or die. Another family member may decide that you are become a burden to them and the rest of the family and can
decide to end your life. The family member may think that your medical bills and medication are costing too much. The medical staff if it became
mainly involuntary may decide that it would be more cost efficient and that they can take on a new patient with better chances to

Euthanasia is the practice of ending the life of an individual to free them of their pain and suffering. This is accompanied by physician assisted suicide
which differs slightly from euthanasia because it requires the patient's consent and many times even requires self–administration. Both euthanasia and
physician assisted suicide cause many problems in the medical field and in society. Since euthanasia and physician assisted suicide pose many
problems with medical ethics and patient care, both euthanasia and physician assisted suicide are wrong and unethical, and should be illegal.
Euthanasia and assisted suicide would cause many problems in the medical field, especially in caring for the sick and dying patients. The legalization
of euthanasia would cause a major decline in palliative care. Palliative care should be the "standard of care" treatment, for symptom and pain
management, also including any emotional or spiritual care a person needs while facing death (Ethics, Quil and Sussman). Assisted suicide and proper
palliative care are two opposing matters. The management of pain and suffering abolishes the need for assisted suicide ("Ethics"). Even in some cases
involving proper palliative care, there will be suffering experienced that is obstinate and sometimes even incurable. Richard M. Doerflinger and
Carlos F. Gomez use the results of some polls taken to make the claim that these polls showed support for assisted suicide in patients whose pain can
no longer be managed. In contrast to these polls studied, Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel polled patients actively dying and experiencing significant pain because
of cancer. These patients were more aggressively against assisted suicide and euthanasia than those of the general public were. Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel
makes the claim, "patients with pain do not seem to view euthanasia or physician–assisted suicide as the appropriate response to poor pain
management". An overwhelming number of sick Americans say that medical professionals should focus on pain management and proper mental and
spiritual care for their patients rather than helping them take their lives. Pain can weaken a patient in more areas than one. Pain weakens the patient's
immune system, and can cause the

The term euthanasia is often associated with veterinarians and people's pets. Euthanasia in humans is for more complicated; patients have direct input
in their death whereas pet do not. A more in–depth definition of euthanasia is the voluntary death of a patient which is conducted by a medical
physician by lethal injection (Stolz et al. 2015, p. 2). Physician–assisted suicide is where the patient chooses kills themselves, but they are unable to
carry out the process; the patient depends on the doctor strictly for help in completing the action. The patient also has the ability to change their
decision; they remain the individual who made the original decision and none of blame is placed on practitioner (KuЕ™e, 2011, p. 128). Euthanasia and
physician–assisted suicide has been the topic of ethical debates for years and medical personnel have been in the center of this national controversy.
Euthanasia and physician–assisted suicide is firmly supported by many people in the medical world. During the 1990's a study was conducted on
hospital personnel in Turkey. Researchers found that euthanasia and physician–assisted suicide was widely supported especially by nurses. This
happens to contrast greatly with what is law there and what the general population believes. Turkish law states active and passive forms of euthanasia
is outlawed (Kaptan et al, 2011, pp. 178–180). Active euthanasia entails ending the individual's life per their request or their relatives. Passive euthanasia

Pros And Cons Of Active Euthanasia
Introduction: In this paper I am going to argue that passive euthanasia is moral but active euthanasia is not moral. Passive and active euthanasia differ
by the way in which the death occurs. It is okay to withhold a treatment from a patient when the patient's life is depending on a machine or treatment.
However, it is not okay to give someone something that will cause their death just because they're going through a temporary rough time if the person
is still capable of living without depending on a machine. There is a difference between killing and letting die because action is needed to kill but not
to let someone die. There are arguments against my belief of what is moral but I will explain why active euthanasia is not moral.
Analysis: Callahan's argument concludes that physicians should only help patients get healthy but not kill them, and that we confuse alleviation of
pain and death. "Many millions of others have undergone all kinds of personal tragedy... but most of them do not turn to suicide" (Callahan, 83). Life
consists of ups and downs, and there are times when it a person might lose all hope so they think death is the best option for them. People are
always seeking to get out of misery and they confuse themselves thinking death is the only way out. The people who chose death as a way out are a
minority because majority does not accept death as a good way out unless it is a case similar to passive euthanasia. "The movement to empower
physicians legally to take the

Pros And Cons Of Voluntary Euthanasia
The entire idea of human controlling life and death is seen as taboo; however, the choice should be that of the patients. If a patient is suffering from a
terminal disease and wishes to end their life, what can be considered morally ethical to help them to be rid of their suffering. If their intentions are not
evil, which is what hinders it morally unacceptable, and the patient is completely informed and has given full consent, then people should respect the
decision of the said patient. If someone has put enough thought and research into wanting to receive assistance in a suicide rather than continuing
suffering, for whatever the reason may be, and it is not harming anyone or anything, I believe that demonstrates responsibility and rationalization.
Young, Robert, "VoluntaryEuthanasia", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = (–– removed
HTML ––) .
Young highlights five conditions frequently said to be essential for anyone to be a candidate for legalized voluntary euthanasia, often known as
assisted suicide, while outlining the moral cases advocated by people in favor for the legalization. He also discusses five important objections made by
those who oppose ratification, while outlining denial of moral acceptance. He states that advocates of voluntary suicide and assisted euthanasia believe
a person should meet certain legal and medical provision to qualify; suffering from terminal illness, intolerable pains, unable

Animal Euthanasia Pros And Cons
Euthanasia comes from Greek as good death or easy death, something that humans and animal wish for. Euthanize is a shoot vets give animals to
put them asleep forever. People have been asking is it right or wrong to euthanize. Some say we should not, for how do we know that the animals
want to be killed. Others say that we can use it as a way to control the population and to prevent overcrowding in animal shelters. A brief bio of
euthanize in history and three pros and three cons of it. In the history of the world people use it in terms of hastening one death, killing disable babies.
The contemporary debate of euthanasia started in 1870. Animal euthanasia brings out a topic that is it right or wrong. Reason for Euthanasia is
incurable conditions, overcrowding, dangerous animals, diseases, and lack of resources to support the animal. Over 4 million animals have nowhere to
go and will send the...show more content...
A person must have certified training to euthanize and it may be hard to find someone who will offer the service. There is home series where
someone comes to the home of the animal if they can't go to the vet's office. Some animals become stressed going to the vet and it becomes
counterproductive to keep them calm.2 It can become a go–to option when pet owners can't afford medical treatment. Not all families can afford
expensive medical bills for their pets. Unlike human health care, there is not many financing options for pet medical care. As a result, some owners
may just decide to euthanize their pets because they can't afford to pay for veterinary treatment.1 Sometimes and pros outweigh the cons and visa
versa. Each owner should take care in the case they face the option. To some the answer is clear, to others it is unknown. Vets will state if it is the
cases for example if an animal kills a human, it will be put down. Euthanasia is both right and wrong in some cases for it may be necessary to put the
animal

Euthanasia is defined as "a mode of ending life in which the intent is to cause the patient's death in a single act (Medical–Dictionary 2003–2017)."
With active euthanasia, the patient is usually given drugs to aid them in passing away. About 900 people annually are administered lethal substances
without having given explicit consent, and in one jurisdiction, almost fifty percent of cases of euthanasia are not reported (Current Oncology 2011).
Euthanasia is for the most part illegal across the United States. Despite this, there are still cases in which patients ask doctors to end their pain and
suffering. If a human cannot physically bear living anymore due to terminal illnesses or significant pain, they should not be forced to suffer. When
looking at legalizing euthanasia, we should closely look at autonomy, the physician's oath, and the argument from mercy. One of the many arguments
presented for the advocacy of active euthanasia is autonomy. According to the Merriam– Webster dictionary, autonomy is defined as "self–directing
freedom and especially moral independence (2017)". In other words, a person should have the freedom and independence to decide for themselves
what they think is right or wrong. An example of autonomy is the right–to–die movement. The right–to–die movement is not about a doctor's decision
to end a terminally ill patient's life, but rather the decision of a terminally ill patient to end their life under medical supervision (Tom Head 2017). If
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Should Euthanasia Be Morally Permissible

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