MALNUTRITION

1. FOOD SCIENCE&NUTRITION.
Topic:MALNUTRITION. BY:
Mrunalini. H
NAG-A
111718012024

2. MALNUTRITION(OVER&UNDER NUTRITION)

3. •Normalnutrition impliesabalancethatavoidsdeficient intake, ononehandand
excessive intakeontheotherhand.

4. ACHIEVE NUTRITIONAL
BALANCE.
Itmust furnishappropriatelevelsofallnutrientstomeetthephysiologicand
biochemicalneedsofthebodyatallstagesoflife cycle.
Itmust avoidexcessofcalories,fat,sugar,salt,andalcoholassociatedwith
increasedriskofdiet relateddiseases.

5. CAUSES FOR UNDERNUTRITION.
•Poverty
•Populationexplosion
•Ignoranceandilliteracy
•Infections
•Lowfoodavailabilityandunevendistributionof food
•Postharvesthandlingoffood
•policies

6. POVERTY
Lowpurchasingpowerisresponsiblefor
underfeeding,leadingtoundernutrition.
Povertyisoneofthemaincauses,sinceincome
determinesthepurchasingpower.

7. POPULATION
EXPLOSION. •Increasein population,demands forincrease in
differentresources.Thefoodavailableperperson
inafamily, adistrict oranationdependsonthe
amountoffoodproducedorpurchaseddivided
bythenumberofpeoplewhohaveaccesstothat
food.
•Insomecountriesthepopulation problemis
consideredtobeofgreatimportance andover
population,familysizeandchildspacing are
consideredimportant determinantsofunder
nutrition.

8. IGNORANCE & ILLITERACY
•Ignorance orlackof
knowledge coupledwith
illiteracyisoneofthemajor
factorsleadingtounder
nutrition.Foodfadsand
fallaciesbecauseofignorance
limits theintake offood.

9. INFECTIONS
•Therelationshipbetweenundernutrition &infections hasbeenextensively
studiedanddocumented.Thereisnodoubtthatcommoninfectionssuchas
diarrhoea,respiratorydisease,intestinalworms, measlesandacquired
immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS)areimportant causesofundernutrition.
•Hence,adequatehealthandotherrelatedservicesareamusttoensuregood
nutritionalstatusofpopulation.

10. LOW FOOD AVAILABILITY &
UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD.
•Atpresentmostdeveloping
countriescouldincreasetheirfood
production severalfolds.Butstill
prevalanceofundernutrition is
high;becauseofunevendistribution.
Foodlossesatdifferentstagesand
lackofadequatestorageand
processing facilitiesalsoinfluences
theavailability offood.

11. POOR POST HARVEST HANDLING OF FOOD.
•Despitetheremarkableprogressmadein
increasing foodproduction atthegloballevel,
approximatelyhalfofthepeopleofdeveloping
countriesdo nothaveaccesstoanadequate
fodsupply.A sustainablepartofthefood
producedislost,forvariousreasons,beforeit
canbeconsumed.Ithasbeenestimatedthat
about25 percentofthegrains producedare
lostbecauseofpoorpost-harvest
handling.,spoilage and pestinfestation.

12. POLICIES:
•Agriculture,health,education,economicandotherrelatedpolicies
stronglyinfluencethewell-beingofthepeopleincluding their
nutritionalstatus.
•Policiesshouldbeaimedatareasonableorrelativelyfairaccessof
allpeopletotheeventualresourcessuchashousing,education,food
andhealthcare.

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF WELL&NOURISHED
POPULATION
Criteria
• Hair
• Ear
• Eyes
• Nose
• Mouth
• Teeth
• Gums
• Position of the head
• Shoulders
• Hands/nails
• Abdomen
• Legs
Well nourished child
Bright, black, shiny, and glossy
Clear, free, from discharge
Bright withclear vision
Clear, free from any discharge
Bright withoutany infection
Regular, without any decay
Bright, healthy looking
Straight looking
Erect
Bright, pink in colour
Regular
Straight
Poorly nourished child
Brown, sparse and thin
Infected running ear
Poor vision, infected eye
Running nose
Sores(angular stomatis@cornerof the
mouth)
Irregular withdecayed teeth
Bleeding or swollen gums
Mal functioning
Mal formation or irregular
Spoon shaped nails, cracked nails
Protruding belly
Bow legs, knock knees

14. EFFECTS OF UNDER NUTRITION
IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS.

15. YOUNG CHILDREN
•Researchstudiesrevealedthatunder
nutritionduringearlychildhood,canleadto
stuntingofphysicalgrowth,which cannotbe
correctedevenwith gooddiet atlateryearsof
life.Undernitrition isassociatedwith sub-
optimalintellectualdevelopmentandneuro
integrative competencein children.Evenin
laterlife,theirmentalperformances
continuestobelow.

16. PREGNANT&LACTATING
WOMEN
•Nutritionalstatusofpregnant womeninfluencethe
condition ofoffspring atbirth.Ifpregnant women
subsists oninadequatediet.Maternalmalnutrition
leadstohighincidence ofprematurebirth,lowborth
weight andhighneonatalandmaternalmortality.
Childrenbornwith lowreservesofironandvitaminA
aremorepronetodiseases.
Anemiaisburningproblemand
lactatingwomen,incidence oflowbirthweight infant,
childandmaternalmortalityratesarehighin india.

17. MEN AND WOMEN
•NationalNutritionMonitoringBureau(NNMB)datarevealsthatonlyabouthalfthe
adultpopulationin indiahavenormalnutritionalstatus,while thereatsufferfrom
differentdegreeofChronicEnergyDeficiency(CED)
•Aspertheresultsofthesesurveys,nostatein india isfreefromdeficiency; 167million
peopleareconsideredtobeatrisk ofIDDofwhom54million havegoiter.
•Ahungryman isasocialliabilty. Hecannotwork, cannotlearn,cannotbuildup
resistance todiseaseandhenceretardseconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthe
nation.Thusmalnutrition hasenormoussocio-economic implications affectingnot
onlythepersonaldevelopmentbutthedevelopmentofthecountry.