Demography / nutrition and health

1. Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Assignment : 1.Nutrition & Health
2.Demography & family planning
Subject : Health Education & Community pharmacy

2. Nutrition and health
• Contents
• 1.Introduction
• 2.Classification of foods and requirements
• 3.Deficiency diseases- proteins ,vitamins & minerals
• 4.Treatment & prevention

3. 1.Introduction
• Nutrition -
• Nutrition is the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship
between diet, health, and disease.
• Nutritionists use ideas from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to understand how
nutrients affect the human body.
• Nutrition also focuses on how people can use dietary choices to reduce the risk of disease,
what happens if a person has too much or too little of a nutrient, and how allergies work.
• Nutrients provide nourishment. Proteins, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and
water are all nutrients. If people do not have the right balance of nutrients in their diet, their
risk of developing certain health conditions increases.
• Food-
Food is any substance[1] consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism. Food is
usually of plant, animal or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such
as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by
an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or
stimulate growth. Different species of animals have different feeding behaviours that satisfy
the needs of their unique metabolisms, often evolved to fill a specific ecological niche within
specific geographical contexts.

4. Functions of food
• (1) The Physiological functions
• To provide energy
• To repair body tissues
• To build new cells and tissues
• To regulate body processes
• To protect against diseases.
• The social functions of food
• The psychological functions of food.

5. Classification of food

6. Requirements

9. g
• Contents
• Demography cycle
• Family planning
• Contraceptive methods
• Population problem of INDIA

10. 1.Demography cycle

11. Fertility is defined as the natural capacity to conceive a child. However, fertility does not come easily to everyone. About 11% of couples will face infertility—
the inability to conceive naturally after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse.1
Fertility is not only a female health issue. Both men and women can experience infertility, and both men and women can take steps to improve their fertility.
Here's a look at what you and your partner can do to improve your fertility, increase the odds that you’ll conceive quickly, and reduce your risk of infertility.

13. • Improving maternal health and child survival. Helping women avoid becoming pregnant too early, too late or too
often benefits them and their children. Meeting the unmet need for contraceptives would further reduce global rates of
maternal mortality by 35%, and a three-year interval between births in developing countries would further lower rates of
infant mortality by 24% and rates of child mortality by 35%.
• Reducing the number of abortions overall, especially unsafe abortion. Closing the gap in the unmet need for
contraceptives would further reduce the number of abortions worldwide by 64% each year. More than half of all
abortions occurring in developing countries are unsafe, and fewer unsafe abortions would lead to fewer maternal
deaths and injuries.
• Preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS. Improved access to condoms, both male
and female, reduces the rate at which STIs, including HIV, are spread. Moreover, to the extent that HIV-positive women
are better able to prevent unplanned pregnancies and births, they are also helping to reduce the rate of new HIV
infections.
• Empowering women. Women who can control the number and timing of their children can take better advantage of
educational and economic opportunities, improving their own future and that of their families.
• Promoting social and economic development and security. High population growth hampers poor countries’
economic development as their expanding populations compete for limited resources such as food, housing, schools
and jobs. Rapid and unsustainable population growth renders societies more unstable and can lead to greater civil
unrest.
• Protecting the environment. Since so many women worldwide want fewer children than their mothers did, increasing
their access to voluntary family planning services will further slow population growth rates. Rapidly growing population
exacerbates environmental degradation and strains the world’s resources.

16. • facts:
• (a) The population of India is very large by current standards.
• (b) The rate of increase of population is also high — about 2.22% per year, in absolute
form this comes to nearly 22 million persons per annum.
• (c) Even the existing population is not being fed, clothed and housed properly; most
people are living in miserable conditions.
• (d) The modest increase in national income under planned economic development is
being eaten up by the increase in population. As a result, the per capita income growth
has almost reached a vanishing point.
• (e) The need of controlling population is urgent and pressing so that the existing people
may have an improved standard of living.
• There is no denying the fact that there were too many people now in India. However, the
real problem is not the present large size of the population but the rate at which the size of
population! is increasing every year? India can progress if— and only if—the continuous
and huge increase in population is held in check.